| Title |
Surface Charge Distributions and Steady Current of Resistive Conductors, and Energy Flow in Electric Circuits |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2022.59.9.111 |
| Keywords |
Surface charge; Steady current; Resistive conductor; Electric field; Electric circuit |
| Abstract |
In this paper, the electric field distributions in the inner region and the outer space of a resistive conductor carrying a steady current in an electric circuit are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively through analytical methods and simulations. In addition, the charge density distributed along the boundary surface of the resistive conductor is analyzed. It is found that the surface charge distribution on the surface of the conductor generates not only a uniform electric field that allows a steady current to flow inside the conductor, but also an electric field outside the conductor. It is shown that the electrical energy is transferred by this external electric field and magnetic field from the battery to the resistive conductor through the space around the conductor. Also, the surface charge distributions in the vicinity of the corner of the conductor bent at a right angle are obtained and the mechanism of free electrons changing the direction of the movement around the corner while maintaining a constant speed is analyzed. |