Title |
Low-power Feed-forward Equalization for Single-ended Transmitter |
Authors |
박강인(Kang In Park) ; 이준민(Jun Min Lee) ; 정용운(Yong-Un Jeong) |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2024.61.10.10 |
Keywords |
Feed-forward equalization (FFE); Intersymbol interference (ISI); Memory interface; Single-ended transmitter |
Abstract |
In this paper, a new low-power transmitter equalizer for single-ended interface is proposed. The proposed equalizer mixes the pre-emphasis and de-emphasis methods, applying the pre-emphasis method to the period where the data transits from 0 to 1 and remains at 1, and de-emphasis method to the period where the data transits from 1 to 0 and remains at 0. The operation and power consumption of the previous equalizers and the proposed equalizer were mathematically analyzed and compared. The transmitter with the proposed equalizer was designed using a 65nm CMOS process, and the simulated eye diagram at 20Gb/s/pin has a voltage margin of 64.2mV and timing margin of 41.7ps with a transmission line that has -13dB loss at the Nyquist frequency of 10GHz. At 20Gb/s/pin, the total power consumption of the transmitter is 14.61mW, and the energy efficiency is 0.73pJ/bit. |