| Title |
Comparative Study on 2D and 3D CVA Measurement Differences According to Distance Conditions Using an RGB-D Camera |
| Authors |
박은성(Eun Seong Park) ; 장용준(Yongjun Chang) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2026.63.8.149 |
| Keywords |
RGB-Depth camera; Pose estimation; Craniovertebral angle; Forward head posture |
| Abstract |
As forward head posture (FHP) caused by prolonged computer use has become a social issue, the need for real-time posture monitoring systems has increased. Conventional 2D webcam-based systems may show variations in measurement values due to the lack of depth information, camera-to-subject distance changes, perspective projection, and lens distortion. This study analyzes distance-related differences between 2D-based and 3D-based Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) measurements for real-time posture monitoring using an RGB-D camera. An OAK-D Pro stereo depth camera and MediaPipe pose estimation were used to measure CVA from the same frame using both 2D (RGB only) and 3D (RGB-Depth) methods. Experiments were conducted with ten participants, and 440 measurements were analyzed under four distance conditions: 0.7 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, and 2.0 m. The mean 2D/3D differences were 7.7°±8.8° at 0.7 m, 11.1°±9.4° at 1.0 m, 10.9°±6.3° at 1.5 m, and 8.1°±3.6° at 2.0 m. The lowest standard deviation was observed at 2.0 m within the tested distance range. This study does not validate the absolute accuracy of the 3D method; rather, it analyzes how 2D/3D CVA measurement differences vary according to distance conditions. |