| Title |
Electric bus charging schedule optimization based on real-world charging records considering battery wear cost |
| Authors |
권민석(Minseok Kwon) ; 박성준(Sung-Joon Park) ; 박성욱(Sung Wook Park) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2026.63.10.23 |
| Keywords |
Electric bus; Charging scheduling; Battery degradation cost; Mixed-interger linear programming(MILP); Charging records |
| Abstract |
This paper proposes a charging schedule model that minimizes battery wear cost, based on charging records collected from 52 electric buses over eleven months. In a service area where no time-of-use tariff applies, the total charged energy is effectively fixed by the state-of-charge boundary conditions, so the problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program whose objective function depends solely on battery wear cost. The energy consumed on each trip segment and the charging time windows are reconstructed from the charging records and the operator's dwell and rest rules. The nonlinear wear cost curve is incorporated into the linear program through a piecewise-linear approximation over unit state-of-charge intervals. The results show that, for the same operating schedule, shifting the operating state-of-charge band downward reduces the battery wear cost over eleven months by 39,449,725 KRW, or 21.24%, relative to the recorded charging practice. |