| Title |
Ecotoxicological and Mutagenicity Evaluation of Industrial Effluents with Aquatic Organisms ( Oryzias latipes , Daphnia magna , Selenastrum capricornutum ) and Ames ' Test with Salmonella |
| Authors |
이성규 ; 심점순 ; 김용화 ; 노정구 ( Sung Kyu Lee ; Jeom ; Soon Shim ; Yong Hwa Kim ; Jung Koo Roh ) |
| Abstract |
To evaluate the toxic potentials of the effluents which meet the current domestic permit limits for industrial effluents to aquatic organisms and human health, the toxicity test using fish (Oryzias latipes), water flea (Daphnia magna), and algae (Selenastrum capricornutum), and Ames`test with Salmonella typhimurium were performed with treated effluents from 29 manufacturing facilities covering 9 different types of industry. Effluents were taken three times by grab sampling at the end-of-pipe at 3 month intervals. The quality of effluents in terms of BOD and COD of 28 industries satisfied the current permit limits well. Six effluents out of the ten chemical manufacturing industries and the effluents from leather manufacturing industries were acutely toxic to all aquatic organisms tested ; the metal industry effluent was toxic to aquatic invertebrate and algae ; the textile effluents were toxic to algae. When the 0.3 TUa criterion for permit based on toxicity measurements was applied at the end-of-pipe, 45% of the effluents which met the curent permit limits of BOD and COD measurements did not satisfy the criterion. Mutagenicity at TA98 strain with microsomal activation was consistently seen through the 3 sampling periods from samples of the two textile manufacturing facilities, implying the presence of possible carcinogens. It was suggested that the current regulatory permit limits, such as BOD, COD, and other elements, should not be sufficient to protect the aquatic organisms and human health. Therefore, additional assessment using ecotoxicological and genotoxicological approach is recommended. |