| Title |
Impact Assessment of Sewage Effluent on Freshwater Crucian Carp Carassius auratus using Biochemical and Histopathological Biomarkers |
| Authors |
( Palas Samanta ) ; 임형준 ( Hyungjoon Im ) ; 이황구 ( Hwanggoo Lee ) ; 황순진 ( Soon-jin Hwang ) ; 김원기 ( Wonky Kim ) ; ( Apurba Ratan Ghosh ) ; 정진호 ( Jinho Jung ) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2016.32.5.419 |
| Keywords |
Antioxidant; Biomarker; Fish; Histology; Sewage |
| Abstract |
The aim of this study is to assess the influence of effluent discharge from a sewage treatment plant by evaluating oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in freshwater crucian carp Carassius auratus collected from the Eungcheon stream, located in Korea. Catalase activity in the gills, liver, and kidneys of C. auratus was collected from mixing zones; the down stream site was notably higher of fish than that of the upstream site. In addition, the activity of glutathione-S-transferase in the gills and liver was significantly higher in samples from the mixing zone than in those from the upstream site (p < 0.05). In addition, significantly elevated lipid peroxidation levels were observed in fish livers sampled from the mixing zone than in those from the upstream site (p < 0.05). Significant histopathological alternations were also observed in C. auratus, with the order of magnitude changes being liver > kidney > gills. These findings suggest that the liver is most affected by effluent discharge. The degree of tissue changes (DTC) indicate that the highest level occurred in samples from the mixing zone (30.98 土 5.40) followed by those from the downstream site (19.28 土 4.31) and was the lowest in samples from the upstream site (4.83 土 2.67). These findings indicate that fish collected from the mixing zone are most affected by effluent discharge and both oxidative stress and histopathological indices are useful tools for monitoring contaminated rivers and streams. |