| Title |
Determination of Antibiotic Residues: II. Extraction and Clean-up Methods for liquid samples_A Review |
| Authors |
김찬식 ( Chansik Kim ) ; 류홍덕 ( Hong-duck Ryu ) ; 정유진 ( Eu Gene Chung ) ; 김용석 ( Yongseok Kim ) ; 류덕희 ( Doug Hee Rhew ) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2016.32.6.628 |
| Keywords |
Extraction; LC-MS/MS; Liquid sample; Pre-treatment; Veterinary antibiotic residues |
| Abstract |
Increased attention has been paid to occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in various environmental matrices due to their toxicological behavior in the ecosystem and development of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. In this paper, 37 target antimicrobials were selected based on annual sales of antibiotics for livestock in South Korea 2014. Also, extraction and clean-up methods for the determination of the antibiotic residues in liquid samples including water, milk and honey were comprehensively reviewed in the literature. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was commonly used as pre-treatment method for the samples. Most of the analytes were extracted in acidic conditions (2.5~4.0) except aminoglycosides in neutral (7.0~8.0). b-Lactams showed the highest recoveries in neutral pH due to their degradation characteristics in acidic media. Starta-X, Oasis HLB and Oasis MCX were frequently applied as a SPE cartridge and Oasis HLB showed the highest recoveries for the majority of antibiotic classes. The homogenized honey and milk were extracted by mixing with acids for deproteinization. Solids and interferences in the extract were eliminated by centrifugation followed by membrane filtration or SPE before injection into HPLC. |