| Title |
Determination of Veterinary Antibiotic Residues: III. Analytical Methods_A Review |
| Authors |
김찬식 ( Chansik Kim ) ; 류홍덕 ( Hong-duck Ryu ) ; 정유진 ( Eu Gene Chung ) ; 김용석 ( Yongseok Kim ) ; 류덕희 ( Doug Hee Rhew ) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2016.32.6.649 |
| Keywords |
Aminoglycosides; Analytical methods; Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Method validation; Veterinary antibiotics |
| Abstract |
This study explored the analytical conditions regarding 21 veterinary antibiotics which have popularly sold in South Korea, 2013 but were not targeted in EPA method 1694 yet. Most of the selected antibiotics were separated by a reverse-phase C18 column with the combination of (bufferized) water and organic polar solvent, which were commonly methanol and acetonitrile in the gradient elution mode. Volatile additives such as formic acid, ammonium acetate and ammonium formate were usually added to the mobile phases to minimize asymmetrical and tailing of antibiotics` peaks and to increase ionization of them in mass spectrometry. The analytical methods of aminoglycoside antibiotics were distinct from those of the other antibiotics in terms of adoption of ion-pair chromatography (IPC) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) capable of retaining and separating extremely polar compounds due to their hydrophilicity. Trifluoroacetic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid was frequently added to the mobile phase as an ion-pair reagent for the IPC. Tandem mass spectrometry was numerously applied to the detection of antibiotics using positive electrospray ionization (ESI) and the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. All reviewed analytical methods have been validated by evaluating recovery, limits of detection and quantification, decision limit or detection capability of the methods. |