| Keywords |
Construction Site; Drone Utilization; Constraints Analysis; Prioritization; Friedman Test; Institutional Constraints |
| Abstract |
Drones have been increasingly applied in construction sites for land surveying, 3D mapping/modeling, progress monitoring, facility inspection, and safety management because they can reduce work time and improve accessibility to hazardous or hard-to-reach areas. However, their practical use remains limited, particularly in urban or densely populated construction sites, due to institutional and technical Constraints. This study aims to identify Constraints to drone utilization in construction sites and to derive priorities for resolving them. Based on a literature review, eight Constraints were classified into institutional and technical factors, and a survey was conducted with 45 practitioners and experts who had experience using drones in construction-related tasks. The results show that the highest-ranked Constraints was unclear standards for calculating drone operation costs (M = 5.58, SD = 1.12), followed by the absence of inspection standards for drone-based work (M = 5.44, SD = 0.99) and privacy-related issues (M = 5.33, SD = 1.26). The reliability of the eight Constraints items was acceptable (Cronbach’s α = 0.837), and the Friedman test indicated a statistically significant difference among the Con- straints, χ²(7) = 21.605, p = 0.003. These findings suggest that institutional Constraints, including cost-estimation standards, inspection criteria, privacy guidelines, and operator competency systems, should be addressed first to promote the practical adoption of drones in construction sites. |