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Title |
Recent Advances in Performance and Durability of Hardened Concrete with Portland-Limestone Cement
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Authors |
노병철(Byeong-Cheol Lho) ; 김영진(Young-Jin Kim) |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.4334/JKCI.2025.37.6.765 |
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Keywords |
포틀랜드 석회석 시멘트(PLC); 칼슘-실리케이트-수화물(C-S-H); 카보알루미네이트 상; 보조 시멘트 재료(SCMs); 내구성 성능 portland-limestone cement (PLC); calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H); carboaluminate phases; supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs); durability performance |
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Abstract |
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the performance characteristics of hardened concrete incorporating Portland-Limestone Cement (PLC), a more sustainable alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). PLC enhances concrete performance through the synergistic physical and chemical actions of finely ground limestone. Physically, the limestone particles improve packing density (filler effect) and accelerate hydration by providing nucleation sites. Chemically, they react to form carboaluminate phases, which stabilize ettringite and refine the pore structure. With an optimized mix design, PLC concrete can achieve mechanical properties, particularly early-age strength, comparable or superior to those of OPC. However, limestone replacement levels exceeding 10~15 % may reduce long-term strength due to the dilution effect, a challenge that can be addressed by incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Regarding durability, PLC shows improved resistance to the alkali-silica reaction (ASR), while its performance under freeze-thaw, chloride and sulfate exposure depends on the limestone content and fineness. This review concludes that maximizing the potential of PLC requires advanced mix design and curing techniques, advocating for an integrated approach to its application in the construction industry.
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