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์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(AASC), ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ, ๊ฐ•๋„
alkali-activated slag cement (AASC), blast furnace slag, silica fume, strength

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš

  •   2.1 ์‚ฌ์šฉ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

  •   2.2 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ์‹œํŽธ์ œ์ž‘

  • 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

  •   3.1 ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ

  •   3.2 ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„

  •   3.3 SEM ๊ด€์ฐฐ

  • 4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ    ๋ก 

์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(alkali-activated cement, ์ดํ•˜ AAC)๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์นœํ™”์  ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ œ์กฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‰ฌ(fly ash, ์ดํ•˜ FA)๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ(ground granulated blast furnace slag, ์ดํ•˜ SG) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ OPC์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‰ฌ์™€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„๊ณผ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‰ฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„๊ณผ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋†’์€ pH(โ‰ฅ 12)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ์˜ํ•ด ์šฉํ•ด์™€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.1) ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ, ๊ทœ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ, ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ๋ฅจ, ํƒ„์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์งˆ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ธ ์„๊ณ , ์†Œ์„ํšŒ, ์ธ์‚ฐ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์„๊ณ  ๋“ฑ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.2-4) ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ FA ๋ฐ SG์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„, ๋ถ„๋ง๋„, ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„, ์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„, ์Šต๋„, ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ธฐ์žฌ์™€ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘์—์„œ SG๋Š” ์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ, AAC์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” FA, SG, ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์นด์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ(metakaolin) ๋ฐ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ(silica fume, ์ดํ•˜ SF)๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋ฐ AAC์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.5-9)

์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ(SF)์€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜, ํŽ˜๋กœ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๋ฉ”ํƒˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ฐ€์Šคํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ํฌ์ง‘๋œ ๋น„์ •์งˆ์˜ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ(SiO2)์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ •์งˆ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ 80% ์ด์ƒ ํ•จ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 1ยตm ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ตฌํ˜•์˜ ์ž…์ž์ด๋‹ค. ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ™”์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต๊ทน์ถฉ์ „ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„์ฆ์ง„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ , ์—ญํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณจ์žฌ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™”ํ•™ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋™๊ฒฐ์œตํ•ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ๋„ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค.10-12) ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ์ •์˜ ์›Œ์ปค๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ˜ผํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ13-17)์„ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์—๋„ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ , ์—ญํ•™์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ, ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์™€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•๋„ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš

์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ(SF)๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ(SG) ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ SF์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์„ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์˜ 50%๊นŒ์ง€ 5% ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. SF๋Š” ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ 5%์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„(W/B)์™€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.1 ์‚ฌ์šฉ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜(slag 1, slag 2)์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์€ ํฌํ•ญ์˜ K์‚ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์€ S์‚ฌ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ XRF ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Table 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. AASC์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„(basicity)๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ†ต์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ •์˜18,20)ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์“ฐ์ธ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.

Table 1 The properties of blast furnace slag and silica fume

Slag 1

Slag 2

Silica fume

Chemical

components

(%)

SiO2

29.67

32.18

94.24

Al2O3

9.90

11.25

0.57

Fe2O3

0.68

0.92

1.33

CaO

56.03

45.36

0.42

MgO

1.99

3.60

1.51

TiO2

0.78

0.45

-

MnO

0.37

0.17

0.19

SO3

-

4.94

-

K2O

0.48

0.63

-

Physical

properties

Ig-loss

0.34

0.48

1.53

Blain (m2/kg)

420

420

22000

Density

2.90

2.86

2.28

๋‘ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ (1)์€ 1.49์™€ 1.16์ด๊ณ  ์‹ (2)๋Š” 1.46๊ณผ 1.12, ์‹ (3)์€ 2.28๊ณผ 1.87๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ 1 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๋Š” 3๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,18) ์‚ฐ์„ฑ(acid; /Resources/kci/JKCI.2013.25.3.305/images/PICDFEC.gif<1), ์ค‘์„ฑ(neutral; /Resources/kci/JKCI.2013.25.3.305/images/PICE04A.gif=1) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ(basic; /Resources/kci/JKCI.2013.25.3.305/images/PICE05B.gif>1)์ด๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ 1 ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ AASC์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž18)๋“ค์€ AASC์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, CaO/SiO2๋Š” 0.5์—์„œ 2.0์˜ ๊ฐ’์„, Al2O3/SiO2๋Š” 0.1์—์„œ 0.6์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Slag 1๊ณผ slag 2์˜ CaO/SiO2๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1.88๊ณผ 1.12์ด๊ณ , Al2O3/SiO2๋Š” 0.33๊ณผ 0.35๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ํ™”ํ•™์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋น„์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ AASC์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š” ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„, ์•„์ง๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ธ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ(micro-structure) ํŠน์„ฑ ํŒŒ์•…์—๋„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž”๊ณจ์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ชจ๋ž˜๋กœ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋ฅ (FM) 2.7, ๋ฐ€๋„ 0.0026g/mm3, ํก์ˆ˜์œจ 1.25์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ˜ผํ™”์ œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ๋กœ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ๋ถ„๋งํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ R์‚ฌ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค.

2.2 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ์‹œํŽธ์ œ์ž‘

2.2.1 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ

์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด W/B๋Š” 0.50, 0.55, 0.60์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์„ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์˜ 0%์—์„œ 50%๊นŒ์ง€ 5% ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. W/B์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์–‘์€ ์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ W/B ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹จ์œ„์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๋งŒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋Š” S์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ(sodium hydroxide; NaOH)์ด๊ณ , ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ 3M๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ์ „์— ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜์— ์ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์˜ NaOH๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ 3M ๋†๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‘๊ณ , ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‹œ์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜ CASE์™€ ๊ณ ๋ ค์š”์†Œ๋Š” Table 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Table 2์—์„œ, L์€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, W๋Š” W/B ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  S๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, S0๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€(์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ 100%) ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค(control)๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 2 Factors and levels considered

Factor

Level

Index

L

1

Slag 1

2

Slag 2

W

1

W/B = 0.50

2

W/B = 0.55

3

W/B = 0.60

Slag

Silica fume

S

0 (control)

100

0

1

95

5

2

90

10

3

85

15

4

80

20

5

75

25

6

70

30

7

65

35

8

60

40

9

55

45

10

50

50

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2013.25.3.305/images/PICE1C3.jpg

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2013.25.3.305/images/PICE3A7.jpg

(a) L1 (slag 1)

(b) L2 (slag 2)

Fig. 1 The results of flow test

2.1.2 ์‹œํŽธ์ œ์ž‘

๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘์€ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋น„๋กœ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง : ์ž”๊ณจ์žฌ๋ฅผ 1:2.0์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹จ์œ„์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ W/B์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 0.50, 0.55, 0.60์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ •์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋น„๋น”ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 50ร—50ร—50mm ๋ชฐ๋“œ์— ํƒ€์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„ 55ยฑ5%, 23ยฑ2โ„ƒ์˜ ํ•ญ์˜จํ•ญ์Šต๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ์€ ๋’ค 1์ผ(24h) ํ›„ ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธก์ •์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์–‘์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „์ž์ฃผ์‚ฌํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ(scanning electron microscopy; ์ดํ•˜ SEM; HITACHI-S4700) ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ • ํ›„ ํŒŒ์‡„๋œ ์‹œํŽธ์„ ์•„์„ธํ†ค์— 24h ์นจ์ง€์‹œํ‚จ ๋‹ค์Œ, 24h ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ W/B์™€ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ์™€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  SEM ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.1 ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ

์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ์œ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 1์—์„œ ์‹ค์„ ์€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์„, ์ ์„ ์€ ์™ผ์ชฝ์˜ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ(admixture) ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ์˜ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์€ ์˜ˆ๋น„์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๋‚œ์ด๋„์™€ ๋ชฐ๋“œ์˜ ์„ฑํ˜•์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ 120ยฑ10mm ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ์ ์ • ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹ค์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ๋‹ค์ง์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ์„ฑํ˜• ์ž‘์—… ๋“ฑ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ์˜ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

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(a) W1 (W/B=0.50)

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(b) W2 (W/B=0.55)

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(c) W3 (W/B=0.60)

Fig. 2 The compressive strength with W/B ratio.

๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ(L1, L2) ๋ชจ๋‘ W1(W/B=0.50)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด 30%(S6)์ด์ƒ์€ ๋น„๋น”์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ , W2(W/B=0.55)๋Š” 40%(S8)๊นŒ์ง€, W3(W/B)๋Š” 50%(S10)์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๋น”์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(OPC)์™€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋‹จ์œ„์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„

๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ธก์ • ์žฌ๋ น์—์„œ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„(W/B)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด Fig. 2์ด๋‹ค.

๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ(L1, L2) ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„(W/B)์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‘ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ S0์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. AASC์—์„œ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‘ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์™„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ7,8,19)์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ Si ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด CSH(calcium silicate hydrate) ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ญํ• ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ถฉ์ „ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ์ง„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์€ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์‹œ ์ ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ณ , ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์‹œ ๊ธฐํฌ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ทน์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ ์žฌ๋ น๋ณ„ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ Fig. 3์ด๋‹ค.

W/B์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฌ๋ น(1, 3, 7, 28์ผ)์—์„œ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„(W/B)๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€(W1=0.50)๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ(binder)์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์œ„์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰(W)๋งŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„(W/B)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4์€ 28์ผ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ S0(control)์™€์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. L1(slag 1)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ W1(W/B=0.50)์€ S6(SF ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ 30%), W2(W/B=0.55)๋Š” S6(SF ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ 30%), W3(W/B=0.60)์€ S10(SF ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ 50%)์ผ ๋•Œ S0์˜ 2๋ฐฐ(์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ•๋„ 100%์ด์ƒ)์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๋‹ค. L2(slag 2)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ W1(W/B=0.50)์€ S4(SF ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ 20%), W2(W/B=0.55)๋Š” S5(SF ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ 25%), W3(W/B=0.55)์€ S6 (SF ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ 30%)์ผ ๋•Œ S0์˜ 2๋ฐฐ(์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ•๋„ 100% ์ด์ƒ)์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ L1W2์™€ L2W3์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ์ตœ๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์ด ๋‘”ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์‹œ ์ ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์‹œ ๊ธฐํฌ์˜ ํ˜ผ์ž… ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

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(a) 1 day

(b) 3 days

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(c) 7 days

(d) 28 days

Fig. 3 The compressive strength with curing age

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Fig. 4 Relative strength at 28 days

๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” L1์ด L2 ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋™์ผ ์žฌ๋ น๊ณผ ๋™์ผ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” L2์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด L1์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ AASC(S0)์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ AASC์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์ฐจ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ AAC์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‘ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Fig. 5์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‘ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ(L1, L2)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ a๋Š” SiO2/CaO ๋น„์ด๊ณ , b๋Š” KS F 2563์— ์ •์˜ ๋œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„(basicity coefficient, (CaO+MgO+Al2O3)/SiO2)๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋„ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.17) ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, L1์ด L2๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‘ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‘ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ๋™์ผ ์žฌ๋ น์—์„œ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ SiO2/CaO ๋น„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด L2 ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ SiO2/CaO ๋น„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์ด L1๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นดํ“ธ์„ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” SiO2/CaO ๋น„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ถ„์ฒด ๋‚ด์˜ SiO2์˜ ์–‘์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ SiO2๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ถ„์ฒด ๋‚ด์˜ CaO์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ์ •๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ SiO2/CaO ๋น„๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. AAC ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ AAC์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ AAC ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž ๊ณ ๋ ค ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ถ„์ฒด๋‚ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„, ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ˆ˜์˜ ์–‘ ๋“ฑ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 5 The coefficient on chemical compositions

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(a) L1W1S0

(b) 1W2S0

(c) L1W3S0

(d) L2W1S0

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(e) L2W2S0

(f) L2W3S0

(g) L1W1S6

(h) L1W2S8

Fig. 6 SEM images (continued)

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ AASC์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.3 SEM ๊ด€์ฐฐ

28์ผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด SEM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 6์— ๊ทธ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด 5%์”ฉ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ SEM ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ S0์™€ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ์ค‘ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹œํŽธ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ SEM ๊ด€์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(Fig. 6(a)-(f))์—๋Š” ํŒ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ ๊ณ ๋กœ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง ์ž…์ž์™€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์š”์ฒ ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig 6(g)-(l)). ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ CSH์™€ aluminosilicate gel์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์กฐ์ง์— ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน์ถฉ์ „ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ Si ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” W. Wonhkeo et al.,7) T. Nochaiya et al.,8) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  S. A. Barbhuiya et al.19) ๋“ฑ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ์ ์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค์ง ๋“ฑ์ด ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฏธ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์ด ๋ญ‰์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 7). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์„ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ    ๋ก 

์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ W/B์™€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

1)์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๊ณ , ์ ์ • ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์ ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์—๋„ ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

2)์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ทน์ถฉ์ „ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ Si ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์›์ธ์€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

3)์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์—์„œ, ๊ฐ•๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ , ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ผํ™”์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

4)๊ธฐ์กด์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์ฒด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์—์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์ด ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์—๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2013.25.3.305/images/PICFC96.gif

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2013.25.3.305/images/PICFCD6.gif

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2013.25.3.305/images/PICFE4D.gif

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2013.25.3.305/images/PICFE8C.gif

(i) L1W3S10

(j) L2W1S6

(k) L2W2S8

(l) L2W3S10

Fig. 6 SEM images

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2013.25.3.305/images/PICFECC.png

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2013.25.3.305/images/PICFEDC.png

Fig. 7 EDS analysis image (L1W3S10)

์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜ผํ™”์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์ด ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

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