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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ, CO2, ์ง€์—ญ, ๊ณ„์ ˆ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋น„์œจ
environmental impact, CO2, region, season, concrete mixture proportions

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ

  •   2.1 ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์„ค์ •

  •   2.2 ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ชฉ๋ก(life-cycle inventory, LCI) ๋ถ„์„

  •   2.3 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€

  • 3. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค

  •   3.1 ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค

  •   3.2 ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค

  • 4. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ

  •   4.1 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์˜ํ–ฅ

  •   4.2 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ํ–ฅ

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ    ๋ก 

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ธ ๋ณดํ†ต ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(ordinary portland cement, OPC)๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ(CO2)๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ CO2 ์ €๊ฐ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.1-3) ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณด์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋„ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค.4)

๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ๋น„๊ต์  4๊ณ„์ ˆ์ด ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›๋„ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋™์ผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์ฝ˜ ๊ณต์žฅ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„, ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ(granulated ground blast-furnace slag; GGBS), ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‰ฌ(fly ash; FA) ๋ฐ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นดํ“ธ(silica fume; SF) ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ(supplementary cementitious materials, SCM) ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์€ ์ด๋“ค ๊ณต์žฅ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊ด‘์–‘๊ณผ ํฌํ•ญ์ธ๊ทผ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์ฝ˜ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ GGBS๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ™”๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์‚ผ์ฒœํฌ์™€ ์˜ํฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ธ๊ทผ์ง€์—ญ ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์ฝ˜ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” GGBS๋ณด๋‹ค FA ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋น„์œจ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ „๊ณผ์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€(lifecycle assessment, LCA)์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.3) ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๋ฐฉ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋…4-8)์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋น„๊ต๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์ž ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ณต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ›„์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฑ„์ทจ๋‹จ๊ณ„(์š”๋žŒ)์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ๊ณต ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ฐ€์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ์„œ CO2 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”, ๊ด‘ํ™”ํ•™์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์ƒ์„ฑ, ์ž์›๊ณ ๊ฐˆ, ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™”, ์‚ฐ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋…์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ โ€˜ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก 9)โ€™์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ISO 14040 ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ8)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ฑ„์ทจ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šด๋ฐ˜๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ชฉ๋ก(lifecycle inventory; LCI)์€ ํ•œ๊ตญํ™˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ ์›10)์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ LCI ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์ •๋ณด๋ง์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICDE1D.gif

Fig. 1 Procedure of concrete LCA (studied system : from cradle to preconstruction)

2. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ

2.1 ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์„ค์ •

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋Š” Fig. 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ณต์ •ํ๋ฆ„๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ฑ„์ทจ๋‹จ๊ณ„(์š”๋žŒ)์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ณต ์ง์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๊ณผ์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ชจ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์›๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ, ์ˆ˜๊ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด 14๊ฐœ ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์ฝ˜์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ 6331๊ฐœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์šด์†ก๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ, GGBS, FA์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋Š” 23ํ†ค ๋ฒŒํฌ์ฐจ๋ฅผ, ๊ณจ์žฌ๋Š” 15ํ†ค ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์šด๋ฐ˜์€ 6 m3 ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์ฝ˜ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.2 ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ชฉ๋ก(life-cycle inventory, LCI) ๋ถ„์„

์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ชฉ๋ก๋ถ„์„์€ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ํˆฌ์ž…๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉ๋กํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํˆฌ์ž…๋ฌผ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›, ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ, ์ œํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์€ CO2, CO, NOx์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ 9๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰(CO2, CO, NOx, SOx, NH3, ๋ฌด์—ฐํƒ„, ์œ ์—ฐํƒ„, ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค, ์›์œ )์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ LCI DB๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.

LCI DB๋Š” ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์› ๋งค์žฅ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์› ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž๊ตญ์˜ DB๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๊ฑด์„ค์ž์žฌ์˜ LCI DB๋Š” ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— GGBS, FA, SF์€ ์ผ๋ณธ ํ† ๋ชฉํ•™ํšŒ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.11) ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ Yang et al.6)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ž์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.3 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” LCI DB์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฐ์ •๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ž์›๊ณ ๊ฐˆ, ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”, ๊ด‘ํ™”ํ•™์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์ƒ์„ฑ, ์‚ฐ์„ฑํ™”, ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋…์„ฑ์˜ 6๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ™”, ํŠน์„ฑํ™”, ์ •๊ทœํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์ง€ํ‘œ(/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICDF18.gif)๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.9)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICE19B.gif๋Š” /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICE229.gif๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชฉ๋กํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ฉฐ, /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICE2A7.gif๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์ฃผ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICE325.gif์— ์†ํ•œ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICE374.gif๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชฉ๋กํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑํ™” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค. /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICE4CC.gif๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์ฃผ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICE5F6.gif์˜ ์ •๊ทœํ™” ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฐ’์ด๋ฉฐ, /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICE6E2.gif๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์ฃผ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICE7EC.gif์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค.6,12) ์ฆ‰, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์–‘์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉดํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„(1MPa)์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์—์„œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋กœ ๋ฌด์ฐจ์›ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์ง€์ˆ˜(/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICE88A.gif)๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICEA41.gif๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์ด๋‹ค.

3. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค

๊ณ„์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด 14๊ฐœ ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์ฝ˜ ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ 6331๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„ DB๋Š” ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์ฝ˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์€ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” FA๋ฅผ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” GGBS์— ๋น„ํ•ด FA์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.13)

3.1 ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค

๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ(3๏ฝž5์›”, 9๏ฝž10์›”), ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ(6๏ฝž8์›”), ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ(11๏ฝž2์›”)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1176๋ฐฐํ•ฉ, 2931๋ฐฐํ•ฉ, 1359๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด๋‹ค(Fig. 2). ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์—์„œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” 18MPa๏ฝž40MPa์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 24MPa, 21MPa, 18MPa ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ 35MPa ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์—์„œ ์•ฝ 5%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICEABF.jpg

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICF213.jpg

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICF669.jpg

(a) Supplementary cementitious materials

(b) Concrete compressive strength

(c) Region

Fig. 2 Distribution of main parameters in the database

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICFC85.jpg

(a) Concrete compressive strength of 24MPa

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICFE2C.jpg

(b) Concrete compressive strength of 27MPa

Fig. 3 Distribution of main parameters in the most common compressive strength ranges according to seasons (range given in horizontal axis: less or equal~greater than)

Fig. 3๊ณผ 4์—๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ 24MPa์™€ 27MPa์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ์™€ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 10% ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 24MPa์—์„œ 27MPa๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์™€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‰ฌ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์™€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‰ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ์™€ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด 10% ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2 ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค

์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ถŒ 3311๋ฐฐํ•ฉ, ๊ฐ•์›๊ถŒ 228๋ฐฐํ•ฉ, ์ถฉ์ฒญ๊ถŒ 21๋ฐฐํ•ฉ, ์ „๋ผ๊ถŒ 195๋ฐฐํ•ฉ, ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๊ถŒ 2823๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ถฉ์ฒญ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ „๋ผ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋„(๋ถ€์‚ฐ)๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 24MPa์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ถŒ, ์ „๋ผ๊ถŒ, ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๊ถŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ(/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICFE6B.gif)์€ 30๏ฝž40%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PICFF18.gif์€ 10๏ฝž20%๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC1D8.gif๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 10% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‰ฌ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ(/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC247.gif)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์˜ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC545.gif์€ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 10% ์ •๋„ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์™€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‰ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 24MPa์—์„œ 27MPa๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด 20% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

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(a) Concrete compressive strength of 24MPa

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(b) Concrete compressive strength of 27MPa

Fig. 4 Distribution of main parameters in the most common compressive strength ranges according to region (range given in horizontal axis: less or equal~greater than)

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Fig. 5 Environmental loads of concrete according to the concrete compressive strength under different seasons

4. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ

4.1 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์˜ํ–ฅ

๋ถ€์‚ฐ์ง€์—ญ OPC ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ Fig. 5์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. CO2๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰ ์ค‘์˜ ์•ฝ 75%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋ฌด์—ฐํƒ„, CO์™€ ์›์œ ์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ CO2 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํƒ€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐ ์œ ์—ฐํƒ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ NOX, SOX, NH3์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ 24MPa ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ฝ 2% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ 27MPa์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•ฝ 3% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด Fig. 5์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ OPC ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 6์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ(/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC10F2.gif)๊ฐ’์€ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ, ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ, ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC11ED.gif์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•ฝ 2% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•ฝ 1% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC129A.gif๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ ์–‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์œ„์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๊ท ์—ด์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์œ„์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.13,14) ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์–‘์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค.

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Fig. 6 Effect of fck on environmental impact indicator

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Fig. 7 Environmental impact index under different seasons

Fig. 7์—๋Š” ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ง€์ˆ˜(/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC1AF9.gif)๋ฅผ ์ถ”์„ธ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC1DB9.gif๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC1EC4.gif๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 5% ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ์˜ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC1F71.gif๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 35MPa์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋ฉด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์ง€์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4.2 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ํ–ฅ

Fig. 3๊ณผ 4๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ 6๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ(์„œ์šธ, ์ธ์ฒœ, ๋Œ€๊ตฌ, ๊ด‘์ฃผ, ์šธ์‚ฐ, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ)์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 8). ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 6๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 6๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์šธ์‚ฐ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๊ด‘์ฃผ์™€ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์ผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ, ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์ฝ˜ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋น„์™€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํƒ€์„ค์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์šธ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” FA์™€ GGBS๊ฐ€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ด‘์ฃผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ OPC์˜ ์–‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC2166.jpg

(a) Environmental loads of concrete

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC2270.jpg

(b) Life-cycle environmental impact of concrete

Fig. 8 Environmental impact of concrete with SCM under different regions

Fig. 9์—๋Š” ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์น˜ํ™˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ(OPC ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ)์—์„œ 6๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. OPC ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ธ์ฒœ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ด‘์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. OPC ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ CO2 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 6๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  CO2 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์€ 324 kg/m3์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 6๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 9๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ค‘ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.

4๊ฐœ๋„(๊ฐ•์›๋„, ์ „๋ผ๋„, ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋„, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„)์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์ง€์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์›๋„์™€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC22C0.gif๋Š” ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ผ๋„์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋„์˜ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC23DA.gif๋Š” ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 10). ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC24E4.gif์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 24MPa์—์„œ 40MPa๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC263D.jpg

(a) Environmental loads of concrete

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC2803.jpg

(b) Typical life-cycle environmental impact of concrete

Fig. 9 Environmental impact of concrete without SCM under different regions

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2014.26.3.239/images/PIC2F28.jpg

Fig. 10 Environmental impact index of concrete under different regions

5. ๊ฒฐ    ๋ก 

6331 ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ ˆ๋””๋ฏน์Šค ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„, ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ด ์ „๊ณผ์ • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.

1)์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์€ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 10% ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.

2)6331๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์ฝ˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์™€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‰ฌ๋ฅผ 30% ์ด์ƒ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‰ฌ๋ฅผ 10 ๏ฝž20% ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3)์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 24MPa ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์ด 2% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— 27MPa ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 3%์˜€๋‹ค.

4)์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ 24MPa์ผ๋•Œ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 5% ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 35MPa๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ง€์ˆ˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

5)ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ 6๊ฐœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋„์‹œ(์„œ์šธ, ์šธ์‚ฐ, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ, ์ธ์ฒœ, ๊ด‘์ฃผ, ๋Œ€๊ตฌ)์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์šธ์‚ฐ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ด‘์ฃผ์™€ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์˜€๋‹ค.

6)์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์ฒจ๊ฐ€์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ปธ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์› ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์‚ฌ์—…(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: 12CCTI-C063722-01)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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