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์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ, ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง, ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„, ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜
alkali-activated slag cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag, basicity, hydraulic modulus

  • 1. ์„œ    ๋ก 

  • 2. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜

  •   2.1 ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

  •   2.2 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ์ œ์ž‘

  • 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ† ์˜

  •   3.1 ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„

  •   3.2 ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์„

  •   3.3 ๊ณต๊ทน ๋ถ„์„

  •   3.4 ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„

  • 4. ๊ฒฐ    ๋ก 

1. ์„œ    ๋ก 

๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(alkali-activated slag cement, AASC)๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Pacheco-Torgal et al. 2008a; Pacheco-Torgal et al. 2008b; Rashad 2013; Provies et al. 2015).

AASC์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ AASC์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. AASC์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค๋กœ๋Š” GGBFS์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„(Haha et al, 2011; Saoรปt et al. 2011; Haha et al. 2012), ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ(Fernรกndez-Jimรฉnez et al. 1999; Esclante-Garcรญa et al. 2003; Bellmann and Stark 2009; Yang et al. 2012), ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋†๋„(Nadoushan and Ramezanianpour 2016), ์–‘์ƒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(ลฝivica 2007), ์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„(Altan and ErdoฤŸan 2012; Rashad et al. 2016) ๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋„(Chang et al. 2005; Rashad et al. 2012), ๊ฑด์กฐ์ˆ˜์ถ•(Neto et al. 2008; AtiลŸ et al. 2009), C-(A)-S-H์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ(Brough and Atkinson 2002; Fernรกndez-Jimรฉnez and Puertas 2003; Puertas et al. 2004; Lecomte et al. 2006; Puertas et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2016), ํƒ„์‚ฐํ™”(Bernal et al. 2010), ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฐ˜์‘(Fernรกndez-Jimรฉnez and Puertas 2002), ๊ณต๊ทน๊ตฌ์กฐ(Collins and Sanjayan 2000), ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋Šฅ(Chi 2012) ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ GGBFS๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” AASC์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. GGBFS์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ GGBFS์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ AASC์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AASC์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„, ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ AASC์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ KS F2563์— ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ โ€œ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์šฉ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋งโ€์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ(ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”) GGBFS๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์šฉ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ AASC๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” GGBFS๋ฅผ 11๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, MIP, XRD ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  SEM/EDS ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜

2.1 ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGB FS๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ KRT์‚ฌ(๊ฒฝ๋‚จ ํฌํ•ญ)์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ GGBFS์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ XRD ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Table 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS (GGBFS-A์™€ GGBFS-B๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„) ๋ชจ๋‘ KS F2563์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์šฉ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ 1์ข…์—์„œ 3์ข…์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ผ์‚ฐํ™”ํ™ฉ(SO3)์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„์œจ์„ 4.33๊ณผ 4.18๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’ 4.0์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ AASC์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์—๋„ ๋ฐํžŒ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, KS์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ GGBFS์˜ AASC๋กœ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 1. The chemical properties of different ground granulated furnace blast slag (GGBFS)

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2018.30.3.315/images/Table_CONCRETE_30_3_09_T1.jpg

Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer(LS I3 320)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ GGBFS์˜ ์ž…๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Fig. 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋Š” sodium hydroxide(NaOH, purity โ‰ฅ 98 %, pellet type)์™€ sodium silicate(Na2SiO3, Ms= 2.0, liquid)๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ C ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2018.30.3.315/images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_3_09_F1.jpg

Fig. 1

Particle analysis of each slag

Fig. 1์€ GGBFS์˜ ์ž…๋„ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณผ๋ฐ€(ball mill)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž…๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ์‹œํ–‰์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ž…๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. GGBFS-A์˜ median dia-meter(d50)๋Š” 11.15 ยตm, mean diameter(dmean)๋Š” 18.75 ยตm์ด๊ณ  GGBFS-B์˜ d50์€ 10.67 ยตm, dmean์€ 18.10 ยตm์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 2๋Š” ๋‘ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„(basicity) Kb = (CaO + MgO)/(SiO2 + Al2O3)์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜(hydraulic modulus)(Caijun et al. 2006) HM = (CaO + MgO + Al2O3)/SiO2)๋ฅผ Table 1์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„์™€ Table 2์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. R0(100 % GGBFS- B)์™€ R10(100 % GGBFS-A)์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” 0.28์ด๊ณ , ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” 0.38์ด๋‹ค. ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ R0์—์„œ R10์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2018.30.3.315/images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_3_09_F2.jpg

Fig. 2

Basicity modulus and hydraulic modulus for diffe-rent replacement ratios

Table 2. Mix properties

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2018.30.3.315/images/Table_CONCRETE_30_3_09_T2.jpg

2.2 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ์ œ์ž‘

์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„๊ฐ€(w/b) 0.45์ธ paste์ด๋‹ค. ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ(binder) ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์˜ 5 %์™€ 10 %์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , 5 % activator๋Š” 5 % NaOH + 5 % Na2SiO3๋กœ, 10 % activator๋Š” 10 % NaOH + 10 % Na2SiO3๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ 5 % activator์™€ 10 % activator๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ๋’ค ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๋งŒํผ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ“๊ณ  ์ž˜ ์ €์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹ค์˜จ์—์„œ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •์น˜ํ•œ ํ›„์— ๋ฏน์‹ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. GGBFS๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ GGBFS-A์™€ GGBFS- B๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ GGBFS- B์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์˜ 10 %์”ฉ GGBFS-A๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 100 %๊นŒ์ง€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ R0์€ GGBFS-B๊ฐ€ 100 %์ธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด๊ณ , R1~R9๋Š” GGBFS-A์™€ GGBFS-B๊ฐ€ 10 % ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋˜๊ณ  R10์€ GGBFS-A๊ฐ€ 100 % ์ธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋น„๋Š” Table 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋น„์œจ๋งŒํผ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ 2๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ๊ฑด๋น„๋น”์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฏน์‹ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ •์€ 50 mm ร— 50 mm ร— 50 mm ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ, ๊ฑด์กฐ์ˆ˜์ถ•์€ 25 mm ร— 25 mm ร— 285 mm ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋น„์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  KS L 5109์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ํ›„ 24h ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„(relative humidity, RH) 85 ยฑ 5 %, ์˜จ๋„ 23 ยฑ 2 ยฐC์˜ ํ•ญ์˜จํ•ญ์Šต๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธก์ •์žฌ๋ น๊นŒ์ง€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์Šต๋„์™€ ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ํ•ญ์˜จํ•ญ์Šต๊ธฐ์— ์–‘์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” XRD(X-ray diffeaction) ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , XRD๋Š” ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ • ํ›„ ํŒŒ์‡„๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•„์„ธํ†ค์— ์นจ์ง€์‹œ์ผœ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ์ •์ง€์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ๋ถ„์‡„ํ•˜์—ฌ No. 200์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ MIP์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ทน์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.

3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ† ์˜

3.1 ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„

Fig. 3์€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 3(a)์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๋“ฏ์ด 5 % activator์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋น„์œจ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 1, 3, 7, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  28์ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Fig. 3(b)์—์„œ 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์€ R0์—์„œ R10์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2018.30.3.315/images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_3_09_F3.jpg

Fig. 3

Compressive strength of various mix ratios

์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋„์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ, ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ•๋„๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค(Fernรกndez-Jimรฉnez et al. 1999; AtiลŸ et al. 2009; Chi 2012; Rashad et al. 2016). ํŠนํžˆ GGBFS-A๋ฅผ 100 % ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ R0์—์„œ GGBFS-B๋ฅผ 100% ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ R10์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•ด๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ•๋„๋„ ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 5 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” GGBFS์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ์—์„œ R0์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ’์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 5 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ R0์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ 5.0 % ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด GGBFS์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•˜๋‹ค. 10 % activator์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” R0~R4๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” 5 % ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐ’์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, R5 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” 5 % ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ R10์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ R0์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ 20.9 % ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋†๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ GGBFS์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ 5 %์—์„œ 10 %๋กœ 2๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด GGBFS์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” GGBGS์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํญ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์—์„œ GGBFS-B์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ R1~R4์€ 5 % ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€๋งŒ, GGBFS-A์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋Š” R5๋ถ€ํ„ฐ R9๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” 5.8~17.1 %์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ AASC์—์„œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„์™€ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ์€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐ’์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š” ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2018.30.3.315/images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_3_09_F7.jpg

Fig. 4

Relative ratio of strength at age of 28 days

๋˜ํ•œ Song et al.(2012)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ CaO๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •๋œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋†’์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ GGBFS์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์œ„์ ์ธ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ์กฐ์ •์ด ์—†๋Š” GGBFS๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, 10 % activator์—์„œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ R10์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 5 % activator๋Š” ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ GGBFS์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ • ๋†๋„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5๋Š” ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค์˜ GGBFS ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ 28์ผ ๊ฐ•๋„์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. AASC์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” w/b ๋น„, ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋†๋„, ์–‘์ƒ ์˜จ๋„ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Fig. 5์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋™์ผ GGBFS์—์„œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” NaOH ๋ณด๋‹ค waterglass(Na2SiO3)๋ฅผ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค(AtiลŸ et al. 2009; Haha et al. 2011; Haha et al. 2012). Haha et al.(2011)๋Š” ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ•๋„๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, Haha et al.(2012)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Song et al.(2012)๋Š” ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•œ AASC ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก AASC ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2018.30.3.315/images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_3_09_F5.jpg

Fig. 5

Relationship of basicity and hydraulic modulus with compressive strength

์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, Fig. 3์—์„œ 5๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ GGBFS๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋†๋„์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ AASC๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ AASC์—์„œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.2 ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 6์€ 5 %์™€ 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค ์ค‘ R0, R5, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  R10์˜ ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ์—์„œ XRD๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 6(a)์˜ 5 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด GGBFS-A์™€ GGBFS-B๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ Calcium hydroxide (Ch), Hydrotalcite(Ht) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  C-S-H(CSH) ๋“ฑ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ GGBFS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ AAC ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(Brough and Atkinson 2002; Fernรกndez-Jimรฉnez and Puertas 2003; Haha et al. 2011; Puertas et al. 2011; Haha et al. 2012; Aydฤฑn and Baradan 2012; Yang et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2016). R0์—์„œ R10์œผ๋กœ GGBFS-A์™€ GGBFS-B์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Calcium hydroxide(Ch), Calcium Carbonate(Cc) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Akermanite(A)๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  Quartz(Q) ๋“ฑ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” Fig. 6(b)์˜ 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 5 % activator์™€ 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด 10 % activator์—์„œ Calcium hydroxide(Ch), Quartz(Q), Calcium Carbonate (Cc)๋“ฑ์€ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์€ 5 % activator ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜ํ™” GGBFS ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜ ์–‘์ด ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” XRD ํŒจํ„ด์—์„œ10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ€ GGBFS-A์™€ GGBFS-B์™€ ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ GGBFS์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค(Fernรกndez-Jimรฉnez et al. 1999; AtiลŸ et al. 2009; Chi 2012; Rashad et al. 2016).

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2018.30.3.315/images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_3_09_F6.jpg

Fig. 6

X-ray diffraction patterns with specimens and GGBFS. Ch : Calcium hydroxide, A : Akermanite, Cc : Cal-cium Carbonate, CSH : C-S-H, Ht : Hydrotalcite, St : Strรค-tlingite, Ah : Anhydrite, Q : Quartz, Et : Ettringite

Song et al.(2012)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ CaO๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ •๋œ GGBFS๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ, ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก portlandite์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ XRD ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ GGFBS๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ R10(GGBFA-A)์˜ XRD ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋†’์€ portlandite peak๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ•œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ GGBFS ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ AASC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์–‘๋“ฑ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๋„ GGBFS์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋†๋„์—์„œ XRD ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. Fig. 7(a)์— ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง„ 5 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ R0, R5 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  R10์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋†๋„์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์— ์˜ํ•œ GGBFS์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์€ GGBFS์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•ด 5 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” R0์—์„œ R10๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ’๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2018.30.3.315/images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_3_09_F7.jpg

Fig. 7

Comparison of XRD patterns for different dosages and GGBFS mix ratios

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ XRD ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 7(b)์—์„œ R10 > R5 > R0 ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ •์งˆ(amorphous phase)์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” GGBFS-A์˜ ์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ GGBFS ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์งˆ์˜ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ •์งˆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Burciaga-Dรญaz and Escalante-Garcรญa 2013). ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ •์งˆ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ •์งˆ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” GGBFS์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.3 ๊ณต๊ทน ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 8์€ 5 %์™€ 10 % activator์˜ R0, R5 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  R10์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ MIP ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ 5 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ณต๊ทนํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ž‘๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ทน๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์ž‘๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ GGBFS์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค(Fernรกndez-Jimรฉnez et al. 1999; Neto et al. 2008; AtiลŸ et al. 2009; Chi 2012; Rashad et al. 2016). ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด 5 % activator๊ณผ 10 % activator ๋ชจ๋‘ R0์—์„œ R10๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณต๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ทน ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์—์„œ R0๋ณด๋‹ค R10์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, GGBFS-A์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

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Fig. 8

MIP results

Fig. 8์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ทน์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์ด 5 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 8์˜ (a)์™€ (c)๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด 50 nm ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน์€ 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์€ 5 % activator R0, R5 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  R10์€ 32.88 %, 32.74 % ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  32.48 %์ด๊ณ  10 % activator์˜ R0, R5 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  R10์€ 22.06 %, 21.67 % ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  21.33 %์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ๋„ 5 % activator ๋ณด๋‹ค 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ R0์—์„œ R10์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 5 % activator ์™€ 10 % activator์˜ ์ด ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ทนํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” GGBFS์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ฐจ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. AASC์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก GGBFS์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Fernรกndez-Jimรฉnez et al. 1999; AtiลŸ et al. 2009; Chi 2012; Rashad et al. 2016). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ GGBFS์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•ด์ ธ ๊ณต๊ทน์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ MIP ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋†๋„์—์„œ GGBFS์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ทน์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. R0๋ณด๋‹ค R10์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์€ R0์—์„œ R10์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ 5 % activator์€ ๊ฐ•๋„์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋†๋„์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ GGBFS์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•จ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ๊ณต๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ถ„ํฌ์—๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ GGBFS-A(R10)์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

3.4 ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 9๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ์ค‘ MIP์™€ XRD๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ R0, R5 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  R10 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ SEM ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์ž…์ž ๋“ฑ์€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ GGBFS-A์™€ GGBFS-B์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฅ  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2018.30.3.315/images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_3_09_F9.jpg

Fig. 9

SEM-micrographs of activated specimens at 28days

Fig. 9์˜ ๊ด€์ธก ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ž„์˜์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ ์ง€์ ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ EDS ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Ca/Si ๋น„๋ฅผ Table 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Ca/Si๋น„๋Š” R0์—์„œR5์™€ R10์œผ๋กœ GGBFS์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 0.893์—์„œ 1.195๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Al/Si ๋น„๋Š” 0.240์—์„œ 0.218๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค. 10 % acti-vator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋„ 1.021์—์„œ 1.557๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Al/Si ๋น„๋„ 0.266์—์„œ 0.235๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. GGBFS๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” AASC์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ C-S- H ์ค‘์˜ Ca/Si ์™€ Al/Si ๋น„๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค(Brough and Atkinson 2002; Haha et al. 2011; Haha et al. 2012; Walkely et al. 2016). ์ด๋Š” GGBFS์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ, ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์žฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋†๋„, ์–‘์ƒ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค.

Table 3 Atomic ratios in the hydrate phases obtained by EDS analysis

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2018.30.3.315/images/Table_CONCRETE_30_3_09_T3.jpg

๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ Ca/Si ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ C-S-H์˜ Ca/Si ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” C-S-H๊ฐ€ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค(Richardson 2004). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ C-S-H์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 4๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉด C-S-H์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Ca/Si ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. Ca/Si ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก C-S-H๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์–‘๋„ ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฐ€๋„๋„ ์ž‘์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Strรคtlingite์™€ Hydrotalcite๋Š” C-S-H๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 2๋ฐฐ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ€๋„๋„ ์ž‘๋‹ค. Table 3์—์„œ 5 % activator๊ณผ 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋ชจ๋‘ R0์—์„œ R10์œผ๋กœ GGBFS์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Ca/Si ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ C-S-H์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ด์—๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ GGBFS์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด‰์ง„๋˜์–ด 5 % activator์˜ Ca/Si ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ๋†๋„์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ GGBFS์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์ž‘์šฉ์— ์ด‰์ง„์‹œ์ผœ ๋”์šฑ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ C-S-H๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค(Fernรกndez-Jimรฉnez et al. 1999; AtiลŸ et al. 2009; Chi 2012; Rashad et al. 2016).

Table 4 Theoretical water content and density of C-S-H, strรคtlingite, and hydrotalcite (Haha et al. 2012)

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R10์€ R0์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค(Table 1, Fig. 3). ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๋†๋„์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์— ์˜ํ•ด GGBFS์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‚ฌ ๋”์šฑ ์ด‰์ง„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 5 %์™€ 10 % activator ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋ชจ๋‘ R10์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค(Figs. 3, 4).

๋˜ํ•œ XRD ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ R0์™€ R5์—์„œ ํ™•์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋œ Strรคt-lingite๋„ ๋†’์€ ๋ฌผ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋„์ €ํ•˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” GGBFS-B(R0)๊ฐ€ GGBFS-A(R10)๋ณด๋‹ค Al2O3์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ Strรคtlingite ์ƒ์„ฑ๋„ GGBFS-B์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ R0~R5 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ”ผํฌ๋กœ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ Al2O3์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ GGBFS-A(R10)์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ R6~R10 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ Strรคtlingite๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  5 %์™€ 10 % activator์˜ R0์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ Hydrotalcite๋„ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋„์ €ํ•˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ GGBFS-B์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ R0~R5๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ AASC๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ GGBFS์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๋„ GGBFS์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ    ๋ก 

๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ GGBFS๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ AASC์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.

1)์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ AASC๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 5 % activator(5 % NaOH + 5 % Na2SiO3)์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋น„์œจ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ 5.0 % ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ 10 %๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด(10 % NaOH + 10 % Na2SiO3) GGBFS์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ 20.9 %๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋กœ AASC๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋น„์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2)๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” 10 %์˜ ๋†’์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋†๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 5 % ๋†๋„์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜, ๋†๋„, GGBFS์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„, ์–‘์ƒ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ AASC์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

3)5 %์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค 10 %์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋†๋„์—์„œ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ •์งˆ(amorphous phase)์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ™•์—ฐํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„œ๋กœ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GGBFS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ AASC์—์„œ, GGBFS์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋†๋„์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 5 %๋ณด๋‹ค 10 % ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ทน์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4)SEM/EDS ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 5 % ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋ณด๋‹ค 10 % ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋†๋„์—์„œ Ca/Si ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” GGBFS์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ์ฆ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์€ GGBFS์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ GGBFS์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋™์ผํ•œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋†๋„์—์„œ Ca/Si ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ  ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ•๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ ์ด๊ณตํ•™ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: NRF-2017R1D1A1B03034470)์˜ ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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