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์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ, ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™, ํ”„๋ฆฌ์บ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ, ์ •์ ์žฌํ•˜ ์‹คํ—˜, ์žฅ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ
arch deck, flexural behavior, precast deck, static loading test, long span deck

  • 1. ์„œ    ๋ก 

  • 2. ์ •์  ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

  •   2.1 ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์ƒ์„ธ

  •   2.2 ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์ œ์ž‘

  •   2.3 ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  •   2.4 ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณ„์ธก ๊ฐœ์š”

  • 3. ์ •์  ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

  •   3.1 ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„ ์ด๋ ฅ

  •   3.2 ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ด๋ ฅ

  •   3.2.1 ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ด๋ ฅ

  •   3.2.2 ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ด๋ ฅ

  •   3.3 ๊ท ์—ด ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ

  • 4. ์ •์  ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํ•ด์„

  •   4.1 ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ชจ๋ธ

  •   4.2 ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

  •   4.3 ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ    ๋ก 

1. ์„œ    ๋ก 

21์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฑด์„ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜•ํ™”, ์ดˆ๊ณ ์ธตํ™”, ์ดˆ์žฅ๋Œ€ํ™” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ(Naus et al. 1999; Kim et al. 2013; Kim 2015; Kwon et al. 2017)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฑด์„ค์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ํ”„๋ฆฌ์บ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ณต๋ฒ•, Pre-Stressed Concrete(PSC) ๊ณต๋ฒ•, ์ดˆ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌ๋ฃŒ(Oh and Chae 2001; Kim et al. 2005; Guo et al. 2010; Lee et al. 2011) ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค ์ค‘ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ•, ํ•ดํ˜‘ ๋“ฑ์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฅ๋Œ€ํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ PSC I-๊ฑฐ๋”, Box ๊ฑฐ๋”, ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋”ํ˜•์‹์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ PSC I-๊ฑฐ๋”(Jung and Kim 2013)๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ๋‹จ๋ฉด 2์ฐจ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰ํ˜• ๊ณต๋ฒ•์ธ IPC ๊ณต๋ฒ•(Han et al. 2000)์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ PSC I-๊ฑฐ๋”์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, PSC I-๊ฑฐ๋”๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฑฐ๋” ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ๊ฑฐํ‘ธ์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋™๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์„ ์‹œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์‹œ๊ณต์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž‘์—… ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์บ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ณต๋ฒ•(Mufti et al. 2004; French et al. 2011)์€ ์‹œ๊ณต์— ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž‘์—… ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ LB ๋ฐํฌ, Rib ๋ฐํฌ(Youn and Cho 2011; Dey et al. 2013) ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ์บ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์€ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ง€์ง€๋˜๋Š” Flat ํ˜•ํƒœ(Seol et al. 2016; Chung et al. 2017)๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์€ ์ „๋‹จ์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์žฅ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์•„์น˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ(Okamoto et al. 2012; Jeong et al. 2015)์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํœจ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ ์ „๋‹จ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ ์ถ• ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์••์ถ•๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์•„์นญํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„์กฐ์•„์น˜๊ต, ๋Œ€์„ฑ๋‹น์˜ ๋”, ์•„์น˜๊ต๋Ÿ‰(Taylor 1981; Choo et al. 1991; Magalhaes et al. 2009) ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์•„์น˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์••์ถ• ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„์นญํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  PSC I-๊ฑฐ๋”์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰๊ฑด์„ค ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋Œ€ํญ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ Flat ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์•„์น˜ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์บ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Eom et al. 2017)์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ์˜ ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ 2๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„ ์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ •์  ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์ •์  ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

2.1 ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์ƒ์„ธ

์ •์  ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ์— ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ 2๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„ ์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด 2.5 m, ํญ 1.2 m, ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋‘๊ป˜ 100 mm, ๋‹จ๋ถ€๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋‘๊ป˜ 160 mm์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ 2๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์„ ํƒ€์„คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์ œ์ž‘์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ž‘์—… ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Grip coupler๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ์„ธ๋„๋ฉด๊ณผ Grip coupler๋ฅผ Fig. 1๊ณผ Fig. 2(c)์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Eom et al. 2017)์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ ๋‹จ๋…๋ถ€์žฌ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ AD, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ 2๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„ ์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ BD๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F1.jpg

Fig. 1

RC arch deck (AD) and 2-span RC arch deck specimen (BD) layout

2.2 ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์ œ์ž‘

์ •์  ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ œ์ž‘์€ ๋„๋กœ๊ต์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ƒํƒœ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•(KIBSE 2015)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ์ •์€ Fig. 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํƒ€์„ค์— ์•ž์„œ ์•„์น˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ๊ฑฐํ‘ธ์ง‘์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐํ‘ธ์ง‘ ์ œ์ž‘ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํƒ€์„ค์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ธฐ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. AD๊ฐ€ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ์ดํ›„, Grip coupler๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AD์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ์‹œ๊ณต์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. AD์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ ์•ž์„  AD์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ์ •์„ Fig. 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F2.jpg

Fig. 2

Manufacture of 2-span RC arch deck specimen (BD)

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F3.jpg

Fig. 3

2-span RC arch deck specimen (BD) static loading test

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F4.jpg

Fig. 4

2-span RC arch deck specimen (BD) static loading test layout

AD์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 40 MPa์ด๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 30 MPa๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ์ง์ „ 28์ผ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 49.5 MPa, 38.5 MPa๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์€ KS D 3504 ๊ธฐ์ค€(KSA 2016)์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„ 400 MPa์˜ ์ดํ˜•์ฒ ๊ทผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒํŠน์„ฑ์„ Table 1์— ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 1 Material properties

Compressive strength of concrete (MPa) Yield strength of reinforcing bar (MPa) (KS D 3504)
Design value Test value
Arch deck (AD) 40 49.5 400
slab 30 38.5

2.3 ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์ •์  ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์–‘์ชฝ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์œคํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„๋กœ๊ต์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ƒํƒœ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•(KIBSE 2015)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŠธ๋Ÿญํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

12 . 500 9 P ( m m 2 )   (1)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, P๋Š” 1๋“ฑ๊ต ์œคํ•˜์ค‘ 96 kN์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํญ๊ณผ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ๋น„๋Š” 1 : 2.5๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํญ 230 mm, ๊ธธ์ด 580 mm์˜ ๊ฐ•ํŒ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํœจ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์ธ ์–‘์ชฝ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ์žฌํ•˜๊ฐ•ํŒ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–‘์ชฝ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ•ํŒ ์œ„์—๋Š” ๊ฐ•์žฌํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 5,000 kN์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ •์  ์œ ์••๊ฐ€๋ ฅ๊ธฐ(Static actuator)๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์„ค์น˜๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋„์‹ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ Fig.3๊ณผ 4์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ค‘์žฌํ•˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ด 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ธ 0โˆผ500 kN ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€์œ„์ œ์–ด๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ 0.3 mm/min์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•ด ์ •์ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์žฌํ•˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ธ 500 kNโˆผ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€์œ„์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ 0.5 mm/min์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•ด ์ •์ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์žฌํ•˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์œ ์••์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ, ์ฆ‰ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ •์ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์žฌํ•˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜์ƒ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ •์ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์žฌํ•˜ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„๊ท ์—ด๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 128 kN์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์•ฝ 100 kN๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 500 kN๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ํ•˜์ค‘์ด 50 kN ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค, 500 kN๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” 100 kN ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ท ์—ด์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ํ•˜์ค‘์žฌํ•˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ท ์—ด์ธก์ • ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์„ Table 2์— ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 2 Static loading test method

Exp. stage (kN) Loading rate (mm/min) Crack checking cycle (kN)
2-span arch deck RC composite specimen (BD) 0~100 0.3 -
100~500 per 50
500~Pu 0.5 per 100

2.4 ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณ„์ธก ๊ฐœ์š”

์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค‘์š” ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ์ฒ˜์ง, ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ Fig. 5์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ณ„ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšก๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ 1/4 ์ง€์ (0.25 L), 1/3 ์ง€์ (0.33 L), 1/2 ์ง€์ (0.5 L)์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„์™€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ํ•˜๋ฉด์— Linear variable differential transformer(LVDT)๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5 mm, 60 mm ์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€(Strain gauge)๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œก์•ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•˜๋ฉด์˜ ๊ท ์—ด ์ธก์ • ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ AD ์ด์Œ๋ถ€์˜ ์ด๊ฒฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด โ„ฆํ˜• ๊ท ์—ด ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์Œ๋ถ€์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F5.jpg

Fig. 5

2-span RC arch deck specimen (BD) sensor locations

3. ์ •์  ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

3.1 ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„ ์ด๋ ฅ

Table 3์— ์„ค๊ณ„๊ท ์—ดํ•˜์ค‘(Pcr)๊ณผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์ค‘(Pd), ์„ค๊ณ„๊ทนํ•œํ•˜์ค‘(Pu)์„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„๊ท ์—ดํ•˜์ค‘(Pcr)์€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํ™˜์‚ฐ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๊ท ์—ด ํœจ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(Mcr)๋ฅผ, ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์ค‘(Pd)์€ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ํ™œํ•˜์ค‘์„ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•ด ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ค‘ ํœจ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(Mu)๋ฅผ, ์„ค๊ณ„๊ทนํ•œํ•˜์ค‘(Pu)์€ ๊ณต์นญ ํœจ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(Mn)๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธธ์ด 2.4 m์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 3 Comparison of design-test data

Pcr (kN) Pd (kN) Pu (kN)
Design value 128.62 306.45 384.31
Test value 250.00 - 922.80

Fig. 6์— ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์ค‘(Pd)์ธ ์•ฝ 306.45 kN ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์„ ํ˜• ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ท ์—ด๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F6.jpg

Fig. 6

BD load-displacement curve

์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ •์ ํ•˜์ค‘์€ 922.80 kN์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๊ทนํ•œํ•˜์ค‘(Pu)์ธ 384.31 kN์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 2.4๋ฐฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ์„œ BD์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ์„ค๊ณ„์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Eom et al. 2017)์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด AD์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ •์ ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ทนํ•œํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 1.7๋ฐฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉด, BD๋Š” AD์™€ ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์•ฝ 2.4๋ฐฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Eom et al. 2017)์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด AD์™€ ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ™•๋ณด์— ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ œ1๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํšก๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 1/4 ์ง€์ (0.25 L), 1/3 ์ง€์ (0.33 L), 1/2 ์ง€์ (0.5 L)์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ Table 4์— ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง์€ 1/2 ์ง€์ (0.5 L)์—์„œ 12.41 mm๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1/2์ง€์ (0.5 L)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ 1/4 ์ง€์ (0.25 L)์€ ์•ฝ 65 %, 1/3 ์ง€์ (0.33 L)์€ ์•ฝ 75 %์˜ ์ฒ˜์ง์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์•ฝ 800 kN์ด์ „์˜ 1/4 ์ง€์ ๊ณผ 1/3 ์ง€์  ๋ณ€์œ„๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ง€์ ๋ถ€์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ 1/3 ์ง€์ ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ด๋ ฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

Table 4 Test results of load-displacement

Load (kN) Displacement (mm)
1/4 point (0.25 L) LB 1 1/2 point (0.5 L) LB 2 1/3 point (0.33 L) LB 3
2-span arch deck RC composite specimen (BD) 0 0 0 0
300 1.76 2.13 1.61
400 2.47 3.01 2.30
500 3.44 4.49 3.28
600 4.30 5.74 4.16
700 5.31 7.29 5.31
800 6.64 9.46 6.97
900 8.07 11.99 8.58
922.80 8.30 12.41 9.39

3.2 ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ด๋ ฅ

3.2.1 ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ด๋ ฅ

Fig. 7์— ์ œ1๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํšก ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 1/4 ์ง€์ (0.25 L), 1/3 ์ง€์ (0.33 L), 1/2 ์ง€์ (0.5 L)์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์€ ์ œ1๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์˜ 1/2 ์ง€์ (0.5 L)์—์„œ์•ฝ 0.0034๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  0.0025 ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์€ ์•ฝ 0.0025๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์†Œ์„ฑ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Eom et al. 2017)์—์„œ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F7.jpg

Fig. 7

BD load-steel strain curve

๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์€ KS D 3504์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” 400 MPa์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์•ฝ 0.002์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•ญ๋ณต๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต์€ ์•ฝ 0.0025์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•„์นญํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์€ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ, ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  0.002์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ 750 kN์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  0.0025์—์„œ์˜ ์ •์ ํ•˜์ค‘์ธ ์•ฝ 900 kN ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ 1/2 ์ง€์ (0.5 L)์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ณ€์œ„์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์ค‘(Pd)์ธ ์•ฝ 306.45 kN ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด, ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ณ€์œ„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, 1/4 ์ง€์ (0.25 L), 1/3 ์ง€์ (0.33 L)์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์ •์ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋„ ์•ฝ 0.0005โˆผ0.0013์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ด ํ•ญ๋ณต์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ์ธ์žฅ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฒ ๊ทผ์€ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ถ• ์•„๋ž˜์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์žฅ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์ธ ์ธ์žฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฒ ๊ทผ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Table 5์—๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ง€์ ์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 5 Test results of load-steel strain data

Load (kN) Strain (ฮต)
1/4 point (0.25 L) SB 15 1/2 point (0.5 L) SB 16 1/3 point (0.33 L) SB 17
2-span arch deck RC composite specimen (BD) 0 0 0 0
300 0.00010 0.00033 0.00015
400 0.00011 0.00063 0.00022
500 0.00012 0.00100 0.00027
600 0.00013 0.00144 0.00044
700 0.00018 0.00177 0.00068
800 0.00033 0.00216 0.00115
900 0.00046 0.00244 0.00130
922.80 0.00053 0.00344 0.00133

3.2.2 ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ด๋ ฅ

Fig. 8์— ์ œ 1๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๋ถ€์˜ ํšก ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 1/4 ์ง€์ (0.25 L), 1/3 ์ง€์ (0.33 L), 1/2 ์ง€์ (0.5 L) ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์••์ถ•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšก๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ 1/2 ์ง€์ (0.5 L)์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์••์ถ•์—ฐ๋‹จ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์€ ์•ฝ 0.0017๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ทนํ•œ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ธ 0.003์— ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ๊ทนํ•œํ•˜์ค‘์ธ 922.80 kN์—์„œ๋„ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์— ์••์ถ•ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์••์ถ•์—ฐ๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ 1/4์ง€์ (0.25 L)์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•œ CB 5์™€ CB 7 ๋˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์€ ์•ฝ 0.001 ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์ข… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ 1/4์ง€์ (0.25 L)๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ทนํ•œ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F8.jpg

Fig. 8

BD load-concrete strain curve

ํšก๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ 1/4 ์ง€์ (0.25 L)๊ณผ 1/3 ์ง€์ (0.33 L)์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•œ CB 1,3๊ณผ CB 4,6์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ทนํžˆ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์ ์ด ํ•˜์ค‘ ์žฌํ•˜๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง„ ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Table 6์— ๊ฐ ์ง€์ ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 6 Test results of load-concrete strain data

Load (kN) Strain (ฮต)
1/4 point (0.25 L) CB 1 1/2 point (0.5 L) CB 2 1/3 point (0.33 L) CB 3
2-span arch deck RC composite specimen (BD) 0 0 0 0
300 0.00008 0.00025 0.00004
400 0.00010 0.00039 0.00005
500 0.00011 0.00060 0.00006
600 0.00011 0.00081 0.00008
700 0.00012 0.00101 0.00009
800 0.00011 0.00125 0.00010
900 0.00009 0.00152 0.00010
922.80 0.00009 0.00166 0.00005

3.3 ๊ท ์—ด ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ

Fig. 9์— ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ท ์—ดํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2๊ฐœ์˜ AD๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ AD๋ฅผ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ดˆ๊ท ์—ด์€ 250 kN์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ์ง„์ „์€ 600 kN๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 600 kN๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, 700 kN๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ท ์—ด๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ˜• ๊ท ์—ด๋„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํ•˜์ค‘์žฌํ•˜๊ฐ•ํŒ์ด ํšก๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์–ด ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšก๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ํšก๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ 1:1์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž„์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ€์นญ์ „๋‹จ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Choi et al. 2017)๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด 1:1์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ˜• ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, BD๋Š” ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋‹จ๋ถ€์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ , ํšก๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ•ด ํœจ์— ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 800 kN๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ˜• ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง„์ „๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ์ง„์ „๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ง„์ „๋˜์–ด, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํœจ ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ AD๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Eom et al. 2017)์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F9.jpg

Fig. 9

Crack pattern of 1st span

100 kN๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 50 kN ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ๊ท ์—ด์€ ์•ฝ 250 kN์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„๊ท ์—ดํ•˜์ค‘(Pcr)์ด 128.62 kN ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๊ท ์—ดํ•˜์ค‘์€ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ท ์—ดํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 1.9๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์น˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ด์ ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 10์— ๊ท ์—ด ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘-๊ท ์—ด ์ด๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2๊ฐœ์˜ AD ์ด์Œ๋ถ€, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์ง€์ ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด ํ˜น์€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ท ์—ด๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ CRB 1์„ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด CRB 2์™€ CRB 3์„ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. CRB 1์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์•ฝ 300 kN์„ ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์ค‘์ธ 306.45 kN ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฒ˜์ง ๋ฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ดˆ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” 250โˆผ300 kN์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ์„ค๊ณ„๊ท ์—ดํ•˜์ค‘(Pcr)์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ฝ 2.33๋ฐฐ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์—๋Š” ํฐ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ƒ๋ถ€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ CRB 2์™€ 3์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, CRB 1๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์•ฝ 900 kN๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ์ง„์ „์ด ์„ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ทนํ•œํ•˜์ค‘(Pu)์—์„œ๋„ ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ท ์—ด ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์•ฝ 1 mm ๋ฐ 2 mm๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F10.jpg

Fig. 10

BD crack curve

4. ์ •์  ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํ•ด์„

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. MIDAS FEA๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4.1 ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ชจ๋ธ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 6๋ฉด์ฒด Solid element๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Bar in solid element๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐ๊ท ์—ด๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ „๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ท ์—ด๋ชจ๋ธ(Total strain crack model)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ท ์—ด ์ถ•์„ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์ •๊ท ์—ด๋ชจ๋ธ(Fixed crack model) ๋ฐ ํšŒ์ „๊ท ์—ด๋ชจ๋ธ(Rotating crack model)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „์ž๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด ์ถ•์ด ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ›„์ž๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ท ์—ด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํšŒ์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ •๊ท ์—ด๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ท ์—ด ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง๊ต๊ท ์—ด๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„์ง๊ต ๊ท ์—ด๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ํšŒ์ „๊ท ์—ด๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ท ์—ด ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ ด์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํšŒ์ „๊ท ์—ด๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํ•ด์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ „๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ท ์—ด๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๋ชจ๋ธ์„ Fig. 11์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝํ™”-์—ฐํ™”(hardening-softening)๊ณก์„ ์ธ Thorenfeldt์˜ ๊ฒฝํ™”๊ณก์„ (Thorenfeldt et al. 1987)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณก์„ ์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

f = - f p ฮฑ i ฮฑ p n n - 1 + ฮฑ i ฮฑ p n k   (2)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ,

n = 0 . 80 + f c c 17 ,   k = 1                                     i f   0 > ฮฑ > ฮฑ p 0 . 67 + f c c 62   i f   ฮฑ โ‰ค ฮฑ p

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F11.jpg

Fig. 11

Thorenfeldt compression curve

๋˜ํ•œ ์ธ์žฅ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ Fig. 12์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ Hordijk ๊ณก์„ (Hordijk 1991)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F12.jpg

Fig. 12

Hordijk tension curve

์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ธฐ์ค€์€ von Mises์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4.2 ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ œ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒํŠน์„ฑ์€ Table 7์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–‘๋‹จ๊ณ ์ •-์ค‘์•™๋ถ€ ํžŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ Fig. 13์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 7 Analysis material properties

Concrete Reinforcing bar
Material OPC SD400
Strength (MPa) Arch deck fck=50 fck=400
Slab fck=40
Elastic modulus (N/mm2) Arch deck 28,628 203,000
Slab 31,099
Poisson's ratio Arch deck 0.167 0.3
Slab 0.167
Weight density (N/mm3) Arch deck 2.3 ร— 10-5 7.9 ร— 10-5
Slab 2.3 ร— 10-5

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F13.jpg

Fig. 13

2-span RC arch deck modeling

4.3 ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋œ Contour์™€ Crack pattern์„ Fig. 14์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์ง€์ ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ท ์—ดํ˜•์ƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ง์„  ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ˜•์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์•ž์„œ ์‹คํ—˜๋‚ด์šฉ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F14.jpg

Fig. 14

FEM analysis results

Fig. 15์— 1/2 ์ง€์ (0.5 L)์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ํ•ด์„์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•ฝ 300 kN์„ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, 300 kN์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์ด ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•ฝ 880 kN์„ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ฒ˜์ง์ด ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ณต์ ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์—ฐํ™”ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ท ์—ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ํƒˆ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ์—ฐํ™”์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ธ ์•ฝ 880 kN์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์ธ 922.80 kN์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 95 % ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

./images/Figure_CONCRETE_30_4_02_F15.jpg

Fig. 15

Comparison with FEM analysis

์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด, ์ •์ ์œ ์••๊ฐ€๋ ฅ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์œ„์น˜ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 3๊ฐœ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค์ฐจ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ 5 % ๋‚ด์™ธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹น๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ    ๋ก 

1) 2๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„ ์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ์•ฝ 922.80 kN์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ทนํ•œํ•˜์ค‘์ธ 384.31 kN์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 2.4๋ฐฐ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ธ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ ํœจ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘-์„ค๊ณ„๊ทนํ•œํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ 1.7๋ฐฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

2) ์„ค๊ณ„๊ทนํ•œํ•˜์ค‘์—์„œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๊ทผ์€ ์•ฝ 900 kN๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ํ•ญ๋ณตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋„ ์••์ถ•๋ถ€์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ, 2๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„ ์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ทนํ•œํ•˜์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3) ์ตœ์ดˆ๊ท ์—ด์€ ์•ฝ 250 kN์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๊ท ์—ดํ•˜์ค‘์ธ 128.62 kN์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 1.9๋ฐฐ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•„์น˜ ๋ฐํฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

4) FEM ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํœจ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 300 kN์„ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋Œ€ 5 %์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ๋ถ€์กฑ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ํ‘œ๋ณธ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ ค ํ‰๊ท ์  ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ฝ 95 %์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์€ ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์›์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…์ž„(17TBIP-C111156-02).

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