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  1. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์‹œํ‹ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณตํ•™์ „๊ณต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Research Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Rep. of Korea)
  2. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์‹œํ‹ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณตํ•™์ „๊ณต ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Rep. of Korea)
  3. N.I์Šคํ‹ธ R&D์‹ค ์‹ค์žฅ (Chief, R&D Center, N.I Steel, Seoul 07015, Rep. of Korea)
  4. ํฌ์Šค์ฝ” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (Senior Principal Researcher, Steel Solution Research Lab, POSCO Steel Structure Research Group, Incheon 21985, Rep. of Korea)



ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ, ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ, ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ, ๋ฐํฌ ํŒŒ์ผ, ์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„
ferronickel slag, aerated concrete, high-flow filler, deque pile, curing temperature

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ์€ ์ฒ ๊ณผ ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ• ๋ฐ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ์˜ ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์ค‘ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ(nickel)์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•ฝ 20 % ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ, ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ธ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ(ferronickel slag)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค(Jo et al. 2019). ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ SiO2์™€ MgO ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๊ณผ์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์‹œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ถˆํˆฌ์ˆ˜์ธต์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ, ๋…ธ๋ฐ˜์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋†์—…์šฉ ๋น„๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim et al. 2018). ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์šฉ ๊ณจ์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ทœ์ •์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ(KS F 2527 2022), ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ MgO ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim and Ann 2019). ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ฝ 180๋งŒ ํ†ค ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋งŒ์ด ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ ๋‚ด ์•ผ์ ์žฅ์— ๋งค๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ด€๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค(Yoon and Kwoun 2022). ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ด๋“ค ์–‘์˜ ์•ฝ 10 %๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งค๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ„์‡„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฒ ๊ด‘๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๊ณจ์žฌ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์šฉํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค(Choi and Choi 2015; Huang et al. 2017; Rahman et al. 2017; Saha and Sarker 2017).

Park (2017)์€ ๋น„์ฒ ๊ธˆ์†์ธ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰์‹œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ถˆํˆฌ์ˆ˜์ธต์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์šฉ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. Kim and Ann (2019) ๋˜ํ•œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ํ˜ผ์ž…์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์ง€์—ฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ €ํ•˜์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„์‡„๋ฐ€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์—ฐ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์ž๊ทน ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์นด๋…ธ์ผ€๋ฏธ์ปฌ(mechanochemical) ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(Park et al. 2013; Sereenen 2013), ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ฑด์กฐ์ˆ˜์ถ• ์ €๊ฐ์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค(Yang et al. 2014). ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์˜ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚ดํ™”์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ผ์†Œ์ด์˜จ ์นจํˆฌ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Huang et al. 2017; Park 2017; Rahman et al. 2017).

ํŠนํžˆ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์— ํ•จ์œ ๋œ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ MgO ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ(CO2)๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •ํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘์ด CaO์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์•„ ํƒ„์†Œ์ €๊ฐ์ด ์ด์Šˆํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Song et al. 2014).

ํ•œํŽธ, Yoon et al. (2022)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐํฌ ํŒŒ์ผ(deque pile)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ฃผ์—ด์‹ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๊ณต๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ง€์ค‘ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ์ž…ํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ํ•จ๋ชฐ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž๊ธฐ์ˆ˜ํ‰์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ๋‹ค์ง์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lee et al. 2018). ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ๋ณต๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์žฌ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 0.7~1.5 MPa๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Won and Lee 2001; Kong et al. 2010). Yoon et al. (2022)์€ ์ฃผ์—ด์‹ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒœ๊ณต๋ถ€ ํ† ์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ํŒŒ์ผ(pile)์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด 3 MPa ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋จ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์ ์ • ํ˜ผ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ œ์‹œ์™€ ์ฃผ์—ด์‹ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์‹œ๊ณตํ™˜๊ฒฝ(ํ˜นํ•œ๊ธฐ, ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ, ํ˜น์„œ๊ธฐ)์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ์—ญํ•™์  ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ฐ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ์—ญํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ทน ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋น„์œจ์€ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 0 %์—์„œ 50 %๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–‘์ƒ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 4 ยฐC, 20 ยฐC ๋ฐ 35 ยฐC๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ, 28์ผ, 56์ผ ๋ฐ 91์ผ์—์„œ ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฌ๋ น 56์ผ์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ X-์„  ํšŒ์ ˆ๋ถ„์„(x-ray diffraction, XRD) ๋ฐ ์—ด๋ถ„์„(thermogravimetric analysis)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฐœ์š”

2.1 ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ(ferro nickel slag) ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ Table 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ์‹œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง(ground granulated blast furnace slag, GGBS)์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ‘œ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” 3.09 g/cm3์œผ๋กœ, 2.94 g/cm3์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” GGBS์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋†’๋‹ค. Fig. 1์˜ ์ž…๋„๋ถ„ํฌ ๊ณก์„ ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์ž…๊ฒฝ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด 0.1~40 ยตm ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์€ ์ž…๊ฒฝ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 5~100 ยตm ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” GGBS์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 4๋ฐฐ ๋†’๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์กฐ์„ฑ์€ SiO2์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด 48.8 %๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, MgO ๋ฐ Fe2O3์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 30.6 % ๋ฐ 13.7 %์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. GGBS์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์กฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ CaO ๋ฐ SiO2์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 43.9 % ๋ฐ 33.5 %๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, Al2O3๋Š” 15.2 %์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์™€ GGBS์˜ XRD ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ XRD ํŒจํ„ด์—์„œ๋Š” entasite(MgSiO3), forsterite(Mg2SiO4), albite[Na(Si3Al)O8]์˜ ํ”ผํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, GGBS์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„์˜(quartz) ๋ฐ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜(calcite)์˜ ํ”ผํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์™ธ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์ „์ž์ฃผ์‚ฌํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ(scanning electron microscopy, SEM) ์ดฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” Fig. 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐ GGBS๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ€๋„ 3.15 g/cm3์˜ ๋ณดํ†ตํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(ordinary portland cement, OPC)๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ์ œ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์•”๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ฑ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” 1.06 g/cm3์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 1 Particle size distribution of ferronickel slag and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2023.35.4.379/fig1.png
Fig. 2 X-ray diffraction patterns of ferronickel slag and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2023.35.4.379/fig2.png
Fig. 3 Typical images of ferronickel slag and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2023.35.4.379/fig3.png
Table 1 Physical properties and chemical compositions of ferronickel slag and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)

Materials

Physical properties

Chemical composition (wt. %)

Density (g/cm3)

Fineness (cm2/g)

SiO2

Al2O3

CaO

Fe2O3

MgO

SO3

TiO2

Na2O

K2O

Ferronickel slag

3.09

15,890

48.8

2.8

1.1

13.7

30.6

0.1

0.06

-

0.04

GGBS

2.94

4,355

33.5

15.2

43.9

0.5

2.6

2.5

0.6

0.2

0.6

2.2 ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ •

ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ƒ์„ธ๋Š” Table 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์€ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€๋น„ 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 % ๋ฐ 50 %๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋กœ์„œ OPC๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ GGBS์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์„ 10 %๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Park et al. 2018). ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Table 2์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ช…์—์„œ F10 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 10 %, GGBS๊ฐ€ 10 % ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„(water to binder ratio, W/B)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 800 kg/m3๊ณผ 0.35๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์œจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์˜ 45 %๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Table 2์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ƒ์„ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์–‘์ƒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์–‘์ƒ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ 4 ยฐC, 20 ยฐC ๋ฐ 35 ยฐC์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ 70 L ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•œ ํ›„ 1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑด๋น„๋น”์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•œ ํ›„ 3๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ 3 % ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋น„๋กœ ๋ฌผ์— ํฌ์„๋œ ๋™๋ฌผ ๊ธฐํฌ์ œ๋ฅผ ์••์ถ•๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ์— ํˆฌ๊ณผ์‹œ์ผœ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ตฐ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ธด ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ํˆฌ์ž…๏ฝฅํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์ž‘์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 3์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ญ์˜จ๏ฝฅํ•ญ์Šตํ™˜๊ฒฝ(์Šต๋„ 60ยฑ5 %, ์˜จ๋„ 20ยฑ1 ยฐC)์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ›„ ํƒˆํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์Šต๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” 4 ยฐC ๋ฐ 35 ยฐC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์žฌ๋ น 91์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–‘์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธก์ •ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ์นจํ•˜๊นŠ์ด, ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ€๋„, ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, ๊ณต๊ทน๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์„์ด๋‹ค. ์นจํ•˜๊นŠ์ด๋Š” KS F 4039 (KATS 2019)์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ง€๋ฆ„ 145 mm, ๋†’์ด 300 mm์ธ ํˆฌ๋ช… ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” KS F 2459(KATS 2017)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 4 ยฐC, 20 ยฐC ๋ฐ 35 ยฐC์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ, 28์ผ, 56์ผ ๋ฐ 91์ผ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 4 ยฐC, 20 ยฐC ๋ฐ 35 ยฐC๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์ง€๋ฆ„ 100 mm ๋ฐ ๋†’์ด 200 mm ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” 20 ยฐC์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ 28์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ˆ˜์€์••์ž…๋ฒ•(mercury intrusion porosimetry, MIP)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 4 ยฐC, 20 ยฐC ๋ฐ 35 ยฐC๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์žฌ๋ น 56์ผ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ XRD ๋ฐ ์—ด๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ(TG-DTG)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 2 Mixture proportion of aerated concrete

Specimens

Unit binder (kg/m3)

W/B

Foam ratio

(%)

Binder composition (%)

Slurry density

(g/cm3)

OPC

Ferronickel slag

GGBS

Plain

800

0.35

45

100

-

-

1.12

F0

90

-

10

F10

80

10

10

F20

70

20

10

F30

60

30

10

F50

40

50

10

3. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

3.1 ์นจํ•˜ ๊นŠ์ด ๋ฐ ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ€๋„

ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ์นจํ•˜ ๊นŠ์ด์™€ ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผTable 3์— ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ๊ธฐํฌ ์†Œํฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์นจํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. Park et al. (2018)์€ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” GGBS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ์ž…ํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถฉ์ „ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ธฐํฌ ๊ฐ„ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์†Œํฌํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝํ™” ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐํฌ ์†Œํฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lee et al. 2003). ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์€ OPC์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ์ง€์—ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋ น์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim and Ann 2019). ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋˜ํ•œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜ผ์ž…์ด ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝํ™” ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋‚˜, ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ถฉ์ „ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ๊ฐ„ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐ ์นจํ•˜๋ฐฉ์ง€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์žฌ๋ น๋ณ„ ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 3์— ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด 0.84~ 1.11 g/cm3 ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ƒ์„ธ์—์„œ ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ 1.12 g/cm3์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฌ๋ น์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์ž‰์—ฌ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๋ฐœ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, 35 ยฐC์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 4 ยฐC ๋ฐ 20 ยฐC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ณ ์˜จ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ™” ํ›„ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‰์—ฌ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๋ฐœ์ด 4 ยฐC ๋ฐ 20 ยฐC์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์šฉ์ดํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Table 3 Overview of test results

Specimens

De- foamed depth (mm)

Apparent specific density (g/cm3) at different ages (days)

Compressive strength (MPa) at different ages (days)

7

28

56

91

7

28

56

91

4 ยฐC

20 ยฐC

35 ยฐC

4 ยฐC

20 ยฐC

35 ยฐC

4 ยฐC

20 ยฐC

35 ยฐC

4 ยฐC

20 ยฐC

35 ยฐC

4 ยฐC

20 ยฐC

35 ยฐC

4 ยฐC

20 ยฐC

35 ยฐC

4 ยฐC

20 ยฐC

35 ยฐC

4 ยฐC

20 ยฐC

35 ยฐC

Plain

0

1.03

1.05

1.01

1.00

1.02

0.90

1.01

1.01

0.86

1.00

1.02

0.84

6.34

6.87

7.01

7.36

7.02

7.23

7.44

7.12

7.25

7.72

7.18

7.27

F0

0

1.10

1.08

1.02

1.03

1.06

0.95

1.05

1.06

0.92

1.04

1.05

0.88

5.52

6.31

6.74

6.73

6.42

6.83

7.12

6.68

6.98

7.35

6.73

7.04

F10

0

1.09

1.07

0.99

1.04

1.05

0.93

1.04

1.05

0.91

1.05

1.07

0.88

5.23

6.19

6.65

6.62

6.31

6.78

6.94

6.52

6.84

7.14

6.61

6.88

F20

0

1.11

1.09

0.98

1.04

1.05

0.93

1.05

1.06

0.90

1.05

1.06

0.87

4.12

5.53

6.32

5.82

5.92

6.55

6.72

6.15

6.57

6.99

6.25

6.62

F30

0

1.07

1.04

0.96

0.98

1.00

0.90

0.99

1.00

0.88

1.01

1.02

0.85

3.52

4.92

5.15

5.57

5.61

5.16

5.76

5.82

5.18

6.01

6.01

5.2

F50

0

1.04

1.03

0.96

0.98

1.00

0.89

0.98

0.98

0.87

1.01

1.00

0.84

2.25

2.60

2.54

3.03

3.50

2.92

3.54

4.10

3.28

3.68

4.22

3.31

3.2 ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„

ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ์žฌ๋ น๋ณ„ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 3์— ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 20 ยฐC์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” Plain ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๊ฐ€ 6.87 MPa๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ 30 % ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ F30 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 4.92 MPa๋กœ Plain ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋น„ํ•ด 28 % ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. GGBS๋ฅผ 10 % ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ F0 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์™€ GGBS์™€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10 %์”ฉ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ F10 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 6.74 MPa ๋ฐ 6.65 MPa๋กœ, Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 8 % ๋ฐ 9 % ๋‚ฎ์•„ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. F20 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 28 % ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด 30 %๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ 4 ยฐC ๋ฐ 35 ยฐC์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•จ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 50 % ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์ง€์—ฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค(Kim et al. 2018; Kim and Ann 2019). ์žฌ๋ น์ด 7์ผ์—์„œ 91์ผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ฐ์†Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 20 ยฐC์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒํ•œ F10, F20 ๋ฐ F30 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์žฌ๋ น 56์ผ์—์„œ Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 8 %, 13 %, 18 % ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ F50 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 56์ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 4.10 MPa๋กœ, Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 42 % ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋˜ํ•œ 4 ยฐC ๋ฐ 35 ยฐC์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ, ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋ น์ธ 7์ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 35 ยฐC์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ์žฌ๋ น์ด 28์ผ ๋ฐ 56์ผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 4 ยฐC ๋ฐ 20 ยฐC์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„($f_{c}$) ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋ น ๋ณ„ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’($f_{c}(t)$์„ ๋ฌด์ฐจ์›ํ™”ํ•œ Fig. 4์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 35 ยฐC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์œจ์ด 96 %๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ F50 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์œจ์€ 87 %๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰ ์น˜ํ™˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ์ง€์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. F50 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  20 ยฐC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์œจ์€ 88 %๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 4 ยฐC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์œจ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๊ฐ€ 80 % ์ดํ•˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด 20 % ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 67~74 % ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” 4 ยฐC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 35 ยฐC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ๋กœ์Šค์˜ค๋ฒ„ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Carino and Tank 1992). ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋ น์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ์ • ์žฌ๋ น ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค(Mun 2016). ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์ง€์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ์ถ”์ด๋Š” OPC ๋ฐ GGBS์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ํฌ๋กœ์Šค์˜ค๋ฒ„ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

ACI 209R(ACI Committee 209 2008)์€ ์žฌ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(1)
$f_{c}(t)=\dfrac{t}{\alpha +(\beta\times t)}f_{c}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $\alpha$๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ น์—์„œ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ƒ์ˆ˜์ด๊ณ , $\beta$๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ น์—์„œ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ƒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์ˆ˜ $\alpha$์™€ $\beta$๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐ GGBS์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ์‹ (2)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ ค ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Saul 1951).

(2)
$M_{(t)}=\sum_{0}^{t}(T+10)\Delta t$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $T$๋Š” ์ž„์˜์˜ ์žฌ๋ น($t$)๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ ์˜จ๋„, $\Delta t$๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„($T$)์˜ ์œ ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ (1)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ $\alpha$์™€ $\beta$ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ $\alpha$์™€ $\beta$ ๊ฐ’๋“ค์€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์™€ GGBS์„ ํ˜ผ์ž…ํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ $\alpha$์™€ $\beta$ ๊ฐ’์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 5).

(3)
$\alpha =0.019{Exp}\left[3.16\left(\dfrac{1+{R}_{{fe}}ยท{R}_{{g}}^{0.1}}{({M}_{({t})}/{M}_{(0)})^{0.3}}\right)\right]$
(4)
$\beta =3.29{Exp}\left[-1.24\left(\dfrac{1+({R}_{{fe}}ยท{R}_{{g}}^{0.1})^{0.2}}{({M}_{({t})}/{M}_{(0)})^{0.1}}\right)\right]$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $R_{fe}$๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ, $R_{g}$๋Š” GGBS์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ, $M_{(0)}$๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ น 91์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ 20 ยฐC๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„ ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, F50 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ์—์„œ 3 MPa ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ด์‹ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์„ ํ–‰ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4 Compressive strength gain rate of aerated concrete specimens
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2023.35.4.379/fig4.png
Fig. 5 Regression analysis to determine parameters in Eq. (2)
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2023.35.4.379/fig5.png

3.3 ๊ณต๊ทน๋ถ„ํฌ

์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ๊ฐ„ 20 ยฐC์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Fig. 6 ๋ฐ Table 4์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๊ณต(entrained air voids)์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ 50 % ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ F50 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณต๋น„์œจ์€ Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด 61 % ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒ” ๊ณต๊ทน(gel pores)์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ด€ ๊ณต๊ทน(capillary pores)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ผ์ •๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ , ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ๊ณต๊ณผ ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ด€ ๊ณต๊ทน์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ €ํ•˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค(Neville 2011). ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์˜ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ณ„ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๏ฝฅํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ถฉ์ „ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Park et al. 2018). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, Table 3์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ OPC์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณต๊ทน์ฑ„์›€ ํšจ๊ณผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์—๋Š” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6 Pore size distribution of aerated concrete
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2023.35.4.379/fig6.png
Table 4 Summary of porosity distribution of aerated concrete

Pore distribution

Specimens

Plain

F0

F10

F20

F30

F50

Entrained air voids (10 ยตmโ‰คฯ†, %)

13.97

11.57

7.84

6.73

7.43

5.46

Capillary pores (0.01 ยตmโ‰คฯ†<10 ยตm, %)

36.57

40.71

44.02

44.96

39.50

40.31

Gel pores (ฯ†<0.01 ยตm, %)

1.26

0.78

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Total porosity in volume (%)

51.80

53.05

51.86

51.69

46.93

45.77

3.4 ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์„

์žฌ๋ น 56์ผ๊ฐ„ 4 ยฐC, 20 ยฐC ๋ฐ 35 ยฐC์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ XRD ๋ฐ TGA ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ Fig. 7 ๋ฐ Fig. 8์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. XRD ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜ผ์ž…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ Plain ๋ฐ F50 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Table 1์—์„œ ๋ฐ Fig. 2์˜ XRD ํŒจํ„ด์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์€ ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ enstatite(MgSiO3) ๋ฐ forsterite(Mg2SiO4)๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ MgO ๋ฐ SiO2๋Š” ์นผ์Š˜์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ(calcium silicate hydrates, CSH)์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํƒˆ์นผ์Š˜ํ™”(decalcification)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ(magnesium silicate hydrates, MSH)๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค(Kim and Ann 2019). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, CSH์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ณ„ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ forsterite ๋“ฑ์€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜ํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Bernard et al. 2017). ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Fig. 5์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ 50 % ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ F50 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ XRD ํŒจํ„ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ํ”ผํฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋œ enstatite, forsterite ๋ฐ MSH์˜ ํ”ผํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ, Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ portlandite, ettringite ๋ฐ gypsum ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ ์˜จ๋„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ettringite์˜ ํ”ผํฌ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ™”์ด‰์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ น์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜(Ca(OH)2)์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ettringite์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ monosulfate ๋ฐ CSH ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ™”์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Mehta and Monteiro 1993). ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ €์˜จ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ น์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋Š๋ฆด ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ettringite์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 4 ยฐC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 20 ยฐC ๋ฐ 35 ยฐC์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ํ”ผํฌ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8์˜ TGA ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋˜ํ•œ Plain ๋ฐ F50 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์—ด์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Table 5์—๋Š” ettringite, CSH, MSH๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋„(60~240 ยฐC), Ca(OH)2๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋„(450~500 ยฐC)์—์„œ์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ์œจ์„ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Mirghiasi et al. 2014; Huang et al. 2017; Qoku et al. 2017; Yang et al. 2017). ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜ผ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ด๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ์†Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 35 ยฐC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 60~ 240 ยฐC, 450~500 ยฐC ์˜จ๋„๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ด๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ์œจ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 7.12 % ๋ฐ 2.28 %์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ ์˜จ๋„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ F20 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” 60~240 ยฐC ๋ฐ 450~500 ยฐC ์˜จ๋„๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ด๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ Plain ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 11 % ๋ฐ 32 % ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. F50 ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋˜ํ•œ Plain ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋Œ€๋น„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์˜จ๋„๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ด๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 13 % ๋ฐ 65 %์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” XRD ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ํ˜ผ์ž…๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ enstatite, forsterite ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 60~240 ยฐC ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์˜จ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ettringite, MSH ๋ฐ CSH ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋•Œ Ca(OH)2์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ณ ์˜จ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Ca(OH)2์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์†๋„๋Š” ์ƒ์˜จํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‚ฎ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ น์—์„œ Ca(OH)2์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ƒ์˜จํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ €์˜จ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Mehta and Monteiro 1993). ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ Ca ๋ฐ SiO2๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ettringite๋‚˜ MSH ๋ฐ CSH ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Bernard et al. 2018). ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด CaO ๋ฐ SiO2์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ GGBS๋ฅผ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋„ 60~240 ยฐC ์˜จ๋„๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ด๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ์†Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ํฐ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ 4 ยฐC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ F50 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ Ca(OH)2์˜ ์—ด๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ์†Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ 37 %์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ettringite, MSH ๋ฐ CSH์˜ ์—ด๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 8 %๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์•˜๋‹ค. 35 ยฐC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์ƒ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ด‰์ง„๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Ca(OH)2์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ MSH, CSH ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜(calcite)์˜ ์—ด๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ์†Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 1.31~5.36 % ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ํ˜ผ์ž…์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ettringite, MSH ๋ฐ CSH, Ca(OH)2์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Ca(OH)2์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7 X-ray diffraction patterns of aerated concrete specimens
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2023.35.4.379/fig7.png
Fig. 8 Thermal analysis results of aerated concrete specimens
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2023.35.4.379/fig8.png
Table 5 Summary of de-hydrated weight loss of aerated concrete specimens

Specimens

Weight loss at the de-hydration temperature (%)

T=60~240 ยฐC

T=450~500 ยฐC

4 ยฐC

20 ยฐC

35 ยฐC

4 ยฐC

20 ยฐC

35 ยฐC

Plain

11.62

9.95

7.12

1.96

1.44

2.28

F0

11.30

9.95

7.12

2.59

2.24

2.84

F10

10.41

11.41

7.42

1.64

1.59

1.81

F20

10.58

10.99

6.36

1.41

1.48

1.55

F30

10.20

11.49

6.08

1.33

1.45

1.45

F50

10.65

11.28

6.21

0.86

0.91

0.78

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐํฌ ํŒŒ์ผ(deque pile)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ฃผ์—ด์‹ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๊ณต๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ง€์ค‘ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰ ํ˜ผ์ž…ํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜ผ์ž…๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์–‘์ƒ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.

1) ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ถฉ์ „ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ๊ฐ„ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

2) ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์ง€์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, F50 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ์—์„œ ์ง€์ค‘ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๋ถ€ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ์†Œ์š”์„ฑ๋Šฅ(3 MPa ์ด์ƒ)์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ์ถ”์ด๋Š” OPC ๋ฐ GGBS์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ํฌ๋กœ์Šค์˜ค๋ฒ„ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3) ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐํฌ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณต(entrained air voids)์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 61 % ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ด€๊ณต๊ทน(capillary pores)์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

4) ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐํฌ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์€ ettringite, CSH ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ enstatite, forsterite ๋ฐ MSH๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

5) ๊ธฐํฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด CaO ๋ฐ SiO2์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ GGBS์™€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ น์—์„œ MSH ๋ฐ CSH ์ƒ์„ฑ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

6) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์ƒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ฑ„์›€์žฌ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ์žฌ๊ตด์ฐฉ์„ ์šฉ์ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์€ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 30~50 % ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ถ”์ฒœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€

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