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  1. ํ•œ๋‚จ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณตํ•™ ๋ช…์˜ˆ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor Emeritus, Architectural Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Rep. of Korea)
  2. ๊ฑด์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋””์ž์ธํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Medical Space Design, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Rep. of Korea)
  3. (์ฃผ)์›ํƒ‘๊ตฌ์กฐ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๋Œ€ํ‘œ (President, Onetop Engineering Co., Seoul 05556, Rep. of Korea)
  4. (์ฃผ)ํ•œํ™” ๊ฑด์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋ถ€์žฅ (General Manager, Hanwha Corporation E&C Div., Seoul 04541, Rep. of Korea)
  5. (์ฃผ)์‚ผ์ผC&S PC๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜์—…ํŒ€ ๋ถ€์žฅ (General Manager, PC Technical Sales Team, Samil C&S, Seoul 04539, Rep. of Korea)



ํ”„๋ฆฌ์บ์ŠคํŠธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ, ๊ด‘ํญ๋ณด-๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ, ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด, ๊ฑด์‹์ ‘ํ•ฉ, ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ ๊ด€ํ†ต
precast concrete, wide beam-column, pannel zone, dry connection, bottom rebar penetration

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณด-๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์บ์ŠคํŠธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ณต๋ฒ•(์ดํ•˜ PC ๊ณต๋ฒ•)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์ €ํ•ญ๊ณจ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” PC ์™€์ด๋“œ๋ณด(๊ด‘ํญ๋ณด)๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์‹ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ PC ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ์™€์ด๋“œ๋ณด๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์–นํ˜€์ง€๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lee et al. 2020; Oh et al. 2022). ํญ์ด ๋„“์€ ์™€์ด๋“œ๋ณด๋Š” ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘๊ณต ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณต์žฅ ์ œ์ž‘์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์™€์ด๋“œ๋ณด๋Š” Fig. 1(a)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ Uํ˜•์˜ PC ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ถ€์— ์–‡์€ ์ค‘๊ณต ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘๊ณต์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ค‘๊ณต ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์—ญํ• ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ค‘๊ณต ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

PC ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด-๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์€ ์‹œ๊ณต๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์Šต์‹๊ณต๋ฒ•(Fig. 1(a))๊ณผ ๊ฑด์‹๊ณต๋ฒ•(Fig. 1(b))์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์Šต์‹๊ณต๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํ›„ํƒ€์„ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ณต์˜ค์ฐจ ํก์ˆ˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ํ›„ ํ›„์†๊ณต์ •(์ƒ๋ถ€์ธต ๊ณจ์กฐ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ)์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค(Jang et al. 2021; Lim et al. 2022; Oh et al. 2022). ๊ฑด์‹๊ณต๋ฒ•์€ ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด ์ „์ฒด ํ˜น์€ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ PC ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ๊ณผ ์ผ์ฒด๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์Šค ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ ํ˜น์€ ์ปคํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ PC ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค(Lee et al. 2014; Lim and Hong 2015; Kim et al. 2023). ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ(๋ง์นจ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ) ํƒ€์„ค ์ด์ „์—๋„ ์ƒ๋ถ€์ธต ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋‹จ์ถ•์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.

Fig. 1Precast concrete connection types
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig1.png

๊ฑด์‹๊ณต๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” PCํ™” ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ด ๊ฐ„์„ญ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, PC ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋œ๋‹ค(Lee and Kim 2023). PC ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€(KCI 2016a)์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์žฌ-๋ถ€์žฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ด์ง„์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€(KCI 2023)์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค๊ณต๋ฒ• ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฑด์‹์ ‘ํ•ฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฒ•์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด์‹์ ‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์™€์ด๋“œ๋ณด-๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฒ•(์ดํ•˜ WBS ๊ณต๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•จ, Wide Beam System)์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” WBS ๊ณต๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 2์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ 1์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(KCI 2021)๋Š” ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด ์Šต์‹๊ณต๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜€๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด ์ƒ๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๊ด€ํ†ต๋น„(1/3๋ฐ 2/3)๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ WBS-I, 2์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ WBS- II๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ 2์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์‹๊ณต๋ฒ•์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ WBS-II ๊ณต๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๊ฑด์‹ ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ๋Œ€๋น„ 1/2๋กœ ์ถ•์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋จผ์ € ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€(KCI 2016b, 2016c, 2017; ACI 2019)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ค์ œ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์˜ WBS-II์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ›„, ๋ณด ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ถ•์†Œ๋  ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋ถ€์žฌ ๋ฐ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ํœจ ๊ฐ•๋„๋น„(๋ณด-๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๊ฐ•๋„๋น„)๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Table 1 ์ฐธ์กฐ).

Table 1 Dimensions of the scaled specimens (unit: mm)

Girder

Column

Top width

Bot. width

Height*

Rebar

Width

Height

Rebar

Full scale

2,200

1,200

1,075

D25

700

900

D25

Scale-down

1,100

700

523

D16

500

600

D16

*including slab and topping concrete
Fig. 2Dry connection
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig2.png

์‹คํ—˜๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด ํ˜•์ƒ, ๋ณด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๋ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ์–‘ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด ํ˜•์ƒ์€ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฑด์‹(Fig. 2(a))๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฑด์‹(Fig. 2(b))์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด(์ „์ฒด ๊ฑด์‹)์™€ ๋ณด ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ด ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ PCํ™”ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด(๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฑด์‹)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋ณด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์€ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฑด์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์ฒด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์„ ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฑด์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด ์ค‘์•™์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฑด์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด ์ค‘์•™์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์ฒ ๊ทผ์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ณต์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ($f_{y}$=500 MPa)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(Fig. 2(c)) ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์•„์ง€์ง€๋งŒ, ์งง์€ ์†Œ์š”์ •์ฐฉ๊ธธ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒน์ณ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฒ ๊ทผ($f_{y}$=600 MPa)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(Fig. 2(d))๋„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ์š”์ •์ฐฉ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์ค‘์•™ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ๊ฒน์ณ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์—์„œ์˜ ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์–‘๋„ ์‹คํ—˜๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

WBS-II ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋น„๊ต, ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜•ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์…‹์งธ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์„ ํ˜•ํ•ด์„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ผ ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋น„์„ ํ˜•ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋์œผ๋กœ WBS-II ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ WBS-II๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ง„์„ค๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์ €ํ•ญ๊ณจ์กฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ACI์˜ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ(ACI 2005, 2013, 2016; ASCE/SEI 2016)์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์ €ํ•ญ๊ณจ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ๊ทœ์ •์€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‚ด์ง„์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€(์•ˆ)(KCI 2023)์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€(์•ˆ)์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš

์ด 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” Table 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. Aํ˜•(WBS-II-1)์€ Fig. 2(a)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ PC๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ฑด์‹ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ, Bํ˜•(WBS-II-2์™€ WBS-II-3)๊ณผ Cํ˜•(WBS-II-4์™€ WBS-II-5)์€ Fig. 2(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ PC๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฑด์‹ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘์—์„œ Bํ˜•์€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 500 MPa, Cํ˜•์€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 600 MPa์ด๋‹ค.

Table 2 Specimens

Panel zone

Type

Name

Girder

Column

Top rebar

Bot. rebar

Development length

Rebar

Tie

Full dry

A

WBS-II-1

20-SHD16

(8-12)

8-SDH16

(4-0-4)

280 mm

10-SHD25

(4-2-4)

HD10@75

Partial dry

B

WBS-II-2

20-SHD16

(4-16)

8-SDH16

(2-4-2)

280 mm

18-SHD25

(8-2-8)

HD10@75

WBS-II-3

20-SHD16

(4-16)

8-SDH16

(2-4-2)

280 mm

18-SHD25 (8-2-8)

HD10@150

C

WBS-II-4

20-SHD16

(4-16)

6-UHD16

(2-2-2)

330 mm

(overlap)

18-SHD25

(8-2-8)

HD10@75

WBS-II-5

20-SHD16

(4-16)

6-UHD16

(2-2-2)

330 mm

(overlap)

18-SHD25

(8-2-8)

HD10@150

Fig. 3Cross-sections of the specimens
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig3.png

์ „์ฒด ๊ฑด์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฑด์‹ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์—์„œ ๋ณด-๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์‹คํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ๊ทผ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ 75 mm์™€ 150 mm์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ PC ๋ฉด์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ„์—๋Š” ์ „๋‹จํ‚ค(Fig. 2(c) ๋ฐ (d) ์ฐธ์กฐ)๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด ์ƒ๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ด€ํ†ต๋น„ 0.4๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์€ ์ปคํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์— ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ด€ํ†ต๋น„ 0.4๋Š” WBS-I์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณด์™€ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ-๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ผ์ฒด๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ-๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3 ๋ฐ Fig. 4๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฉด ํ˜•์ƒ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Table 2์—์„œ ๋ณด ์ƒ๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ ํ‘œ์‹œ์—์„œ โ€˜8-12โ€™์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์ปคํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ(PC ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด ๊ด€ํ†ต) 8๊ฐœ์™€ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ(PC ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์„ ์šฐํšŒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ PC ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด ์ค‘์•™์˜ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ) 12๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ขŒ์ธก-์ค‘์•™-์šฐ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ฐฐ๊ทผ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, โ€˜2-4-2โ€™์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ทผ์€ Fig. 3(b) ๋˜๋Š” (c)์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฑด์‹ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด PC ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” ๋ณต๋ฐฐ๊ทผ์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ์ฒ ๊ทผ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ฝ๋ณด-๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 5๋Š” ๋ณด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ทผ๋œ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Fig. 6์€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ฐ ์น˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4Elevations of specimens
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig4.png
Fig. 5Shapes of wide girder
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig5.png
Fig. 6Shape of dimensions of the specimen
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig6.png
Fig. 7Nonlinear analysis method
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig7.png
Fig. 8Specimen design
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig8.png

์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๊ณผ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์€ Fig. 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ท ์—ด๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(P1)์™€ ๊ณต์นญ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(P2)๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 8(a)๋Š” ํšก๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์งˆ ๋•Œ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ณด ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ-ํšŒ์ „๊ฐ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ทผ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๊ณต์นญ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ป์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ-์•ฝ๋ณด๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Œ๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 8(b)๋Š” ํšก๋ ฅ-๋ณ€์œ„๋น„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ-์ •๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ณต-๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ณต์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 0.2 % ๋‚ด์™ธ์—์„œ ํœจ๊ท ์—ด, 0.5 % ์ •๋„์—์„œ ์ •๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ณต, ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 1.25 % ์ •๋„์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ณต์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์ €ํ•ญ๊ณจ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 2.0 %์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ณด ๋‹จ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ณต์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ›„ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ•์†Œ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์€ Fig. 8(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๊ณ„ I์€ ๊ท ์—ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ, ๋‹จ๊ณ„ II๋Š” ์ •๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ณต, ๋‹จ๊ณ„ III์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ณต ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4. ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ LVDT ์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” Fig. 9์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์€ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€(์•ˆ)(KCI 2023)์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€์œ„์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผ ๋ณ€์œ„์—์„œ 2ํšŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘๊ฐ„๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์ €ํ•ญ๊ณจ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 2.0 %๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด 4.0 %๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ํšก๋ณ€์œ„๋Š” ํšŒ์ „๋‹จ์˜ LVDT 2, 9, 10 ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ฐํ•œ LVDT 1์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” Fig. 10์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 9Load conditions and LVDT locations
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig9.png
Fig. 10Location of strain gages
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig10.png
Table 3 Material test results (unit: MPa)

Specimen

$f_{ck}$(col.)

$f_{ck}$(girder)

$f_{ck}$(CIP)

SHD16

UHD16

SHD25

Design strength

40

40

24

500

600

500

WBS- II-1,2,3

45.7

41.3

37.0

532.1

669.7

548.7

WBS- II-4,5

45.5

40.0

21.5

532.1

669.7

548.7

์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์ œ์ž‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. PC ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 40 MPa, ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ๋ง์นจ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” 24 MPa๋กœ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ PC ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 45.6 MPa์™€ 40.7 MPa๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ•๋„์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ง์นจ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” WBS-II-1, 2, 3์—์„œ 37.0 MPa, WBS-II-4, 5์—์„œ๋Š” 21.5 MPa์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ป์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. PC ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ์ฒ ์ œ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— PC ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์Šค์ผ€์ค„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ WBS-II-4 ๋ฐ 5๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ›„์†์œผ๋กœ WBS-II-1, 2, 3 ๋ถ€์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ WBS-II-4 ๋ฐ 5์˜ ๋ง์นจ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— WBS-II-1, 2, 3๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋ง์นจ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์ด ์–ป์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์นญ๊ฐ•๋„, ๋น„์„ ํ˜•ํ•ด์„, ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

5. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 11์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ A, B, Cํ˜• ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 2 %์—์„œ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๊ท ์—ด์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, A์™€ Cํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•ด Bํ˜• ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋”์šฑ๋” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ญ์‹œ A์™€ Cํ˜•์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Bํ˜•๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Fig. 12์—๋Š” Bํ˜•๊ณผ Cํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์—์„œ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•์„ฑ(์›์ ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ)์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2.0~3.5 %์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์—†์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์™„๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 4.0 % ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์  ๋ถ€๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ(์˜์  ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ์Œ์˜์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ) ์ฆ‰ ํ•€์นญํšจ๊ณผ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” Bํ˜• ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜•ํ•ด์„(Fig. 8)์—์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ I(๊ท ์—ด๋ฐœ์ƒ, ์›ํ˜• ๋งˆํฌ), ๋‹จ๊ณ„ II(์ •๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ณต, ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜• ๋งˆํฌ), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹จ๊ณ„ III(๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ณต, ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ๋งˆํฌ)์˜ ๊ฐ’๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด Bํ˜•์ด ๊ฐ•์„ฑ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ Bํ˜•์€ ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 1.2 % ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, Cํ˜•์€ ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 2.0 % ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 11Crack patterns
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig11.png
Fig. 12Load-displacement relation
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig12.png
Fig. 13Strain of top rebars
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig13.png

๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ณด ์ƒ๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” Fig. 13์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด ์ƒ๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์€ Bํ˜•์—์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Cํ˜•(Aํ˜•๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌ)์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ํ•ญ๋ณต์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

Fig. 14์—๋Š” ๋ณด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ Bํ˜•(Fig. 14(a))์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ Aํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์—์„œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ํ•ญ๋ณต์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , Cํ˜•(Fig. 14(b))์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ด ํ•ญ๋ณต์ ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ Bํ˜•์˜ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ $f_{y}$๋Š” 532 MPa์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 2,660 ยตฮต์—์„œ ํ•ญ๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, Cํ˜•์˜ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ $f_{y}$๋Š” 670 MPa์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 3,350 ยตฮต์—์„œ ํ•ญ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(์Œ์˜์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ).

Fig. 14Strain of bottom rebars
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig14.png

6. ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋น„๊ต

์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํฌ๋ฝ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๋“ฑ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 15์—๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋„๋น„-๋ณ€์œ„๋น„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ํฌ๋ฝ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋„๋น„๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ฐ•๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ค€ ๊ฐ’์ด๋ฉฐ, ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 3์žฅ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 8 ์ฐธ์กฐ).

Fig. 15Comparison of skeleton curves
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig15.png

๋ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(75 mm์™€ 150 mm)์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— WBS-II-2์™€ 3 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  WBS-II-4์™€ 5์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ๋น„๊ต๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Bํ˜•์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Aํ˜•๊ณผ Cํ˜•์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Aํ˜•๊ณผ Cํ˜•์€ Fig. 8์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ II~III ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ณต์ ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ณต์  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ III ์ฆ‰ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ณต ํ›„ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 16์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„์„ ํ˜•ํ•ด์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฐ’์€ Table 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ $\alpha_{1}$์€ ๊ณ„ํš ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 0.3์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ $\alpha_{2}$๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๊ฒฝํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 0.005๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 16์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™๊ณผ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ญ์‹œ ํฌ๋ฝ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๋น„๊ต์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Bํ˜•์€ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•ํ•ด์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, Aํ˜•๊ณผ Cํ˜•์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ II~III์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•ํ•ด์„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ Cํ˜•์€ ์ •๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•ญ๋ณต ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Bํ˜• ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ Aํ˜•์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์—ญ์‹œ Cํ˜•๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•์„ฑ ๋Œ€๋น„ ํ• ์„  ๊ฐ•์„ฑ๋น„๋ฅผ Fig. 17์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ• ์„  ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์€ ์›์ ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ฝ๊ณก์„ ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ•๋„์ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ๋„ Bํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ II~III์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 16Nonlinear analysis results
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig16.png
Fig. 17Secant stiffness ratio
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig17.png
Table 4 Modeling data (unit: kNm)

Type

Col. moment

Girder monent (+)

Girder moment (-)

P1

P2

P1

P2

P1

P2

A

189.7

710.8

199.6

360.7

195.0

859.9

B

1,281.6

C

363.1

7. ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€

์ค‘๊ฐ„๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์ €ํ•ญ ๊ณจ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€(์•ˆ)์—์„œ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

1) ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•œ ๊ณต์นญ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ด์ƒ(๊ฐ•๋„์กฐ๊ฑด)

2) ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„์˜ 2๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ๋ณด์œ  ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ 80 % ์ด์ƒ(์—ฐ์„ฑ์กฐ๊ฑด)

3) ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„์˜ 2๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ์˜์  ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ๋น„๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์˜ 0.05๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ(ํ•€์นญ์กฐ๊ฑด)

4) ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„์˜ 2๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ์œจ์€ 1/8 ์ด์ƒ(์—๋„ˆ์ง€์กฐ๊ฑด)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ณจ์กฐ์—์„œ 2.0 %, ํŠน์ˆ˜๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ณจ์กฐ์—์„œ 3.5 %์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 18Strength ratio, retained strength
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig18.png

Fig. 18์—๋Š” ํ•˜์ค‘๋น„-๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•˜์ค‘๋น„๋Š” ๊ณต์นญ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๊ณต์นญ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹ค์ œ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 18์˜ ์„ธ๋กœ์ถ•์€ ๊ณต์นญ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฐ•๋„ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ด ๊ฐ’์ด 1.0๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ๊ธฐ 1)ํ•ญ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” 1)ํ•ญ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 2.0 %๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด 3.5 %๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฑฐ๋™(๊ฐ•๋„์กฐ๊ฑด)์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 2)ํ•ญ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ•๋„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 80 %์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ’์„ ์ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 2.0 %๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด 3.5 %๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ฑฐ๋™(์—ฐ์„ฑ์กฐ๊ฑด)์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 19๋Š” ์˜์  ๋ถ€๊ทผ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ(ํ•€์นญ์กฐ๊ฑด)๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ ์ •๋„(์—๋„ˆ์ง€์กฐ๊ฑด)๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์  ๋ถ€๊ทผ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„์˜ -1/7~+1/7 ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•์„ฑ(Fig. 12์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฐ’)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ 5 % ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ์„ ์ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ์œจ์€ ์ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฉด์ (์ด์ƒ์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ)์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„์—์„œ ์ด๋ ฅ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๋ฉด์ (์Œ์˜์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ)์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๊ฐ’(energy dissipation area ratio)์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 19Energy dissipation, stiffness at near zero
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig19.png

์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ 3)ํ•ญ์˜ ํ•€์นญ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ 4)ํ•ญ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 20๊ณผ Fig. 21์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 20์— ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด WBS-II-1, 4, 5๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ’์ธ 0.05์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. WBS-II-5์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์  ์•„๋ž˜ 3๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ด 0.05 ์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Fig. 21์€ ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 1.5 %๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 4.0 %๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ์œจ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” 4)ํ•ญ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ WBS-II ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ณจ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 20Stiffness at near zero
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig20.png
Fig. 21Energy dissipation
../../Resources/KCI/JKCI.2024.36.2.145/fig21.png

8. ๊ฑด์‹ ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์˜ ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€

์ด 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ณจ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด์–‘์ƒ(Fig. 11), ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๋ถ„ํฌ(Fig. 14), ๋‹จ๊ณ„ II~III ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™(Fig. 15์™€ Fig. 16)์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ํ˜น์€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ณ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

1) Aํ˜•์€ ๋ณด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์ด ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

2) Bํ˜•์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณด ์ƒ๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์—์„œ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์„ฑ์  ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ II~III ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์—์„œ๋„ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

3) Cํ˜•์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋ง์นจ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ณด ์ƒ๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์—์„œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด Bํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ง์นจ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์ด ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

4) ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ II~III์—์„œ ์ •๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์ธ Bํ˜•์ด Aํ˜•์ด๋‚˜ Cํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

5) ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฑด์‹ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(75 mm์™€ 150 mm)์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ผ์ •๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ 150 mm๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ณด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

6) ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ 500 MPa(WBS-II-2, 3)๊ณผ 600 MPa (WBS-II-4, 5)๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„ 500 MPa๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ง์นจ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ •์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ ์ข์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํฐ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

9. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” WBS-II์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณด-๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํ•ด์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

1) ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์™€์ด๋“œ๋ณด-๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€(์•ˆ)์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ณจ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

2) ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Bํ˜•์ด Aํ˜•๊ณผ Cํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

3) Bํ˜•๊ณผ Aํ˜•์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์—์„œ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๊ด€ํ†ต ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ณด-๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4) Bํ˜•๊ณผ Cํ˜•์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

5) ํŒ๋„ฌ์กด์—์„œ ๋ณด-๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์„ 150 mm ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค.

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