Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ์•ˆ๋™๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Andong National University)
  2. ์•ˆ๋™๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Andong National University)
  3. ๊ฒฝ์ผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์กฐ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Kyungil University)


๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ํƒ, ๋Œ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ, ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ
Alternative selection, Dam safety, Flood control, Hydrologic safety, Resilience

  • 1.์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2.๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

  •   2.1 ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ์ •์˜

  •   2.2 ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ด์„์  ์ •์˜

  • 3.ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์‚ฐ์ • ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ

  • 4.์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

  •   4.1 ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๊ฐœ์š”

  •   4.2 ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋ณ„ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์‚ฐ์ •

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๋Œ์€ ํ•˜์ฒœ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์„ธ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ด ํ™์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ™์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰(design flood)์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ฒœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์— ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํ™์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค(Pidgeon et al., 2003; National Research Council, 2012). ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ทนํ•œ๊ฐ•์šฐ์‚ฌ์ƒ(extreme rainfall event)์˜ ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ(Hughes, 2003; Dore, 2005; Hewitson and Crane, 2006) ๋Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์ƒํ–ฅ๋˜๊ณ 

์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰(probable maximum precipitation, PMP)์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •๋œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰(probable maximum flood, PMF)์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด PMP๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ PMP ์•„๋ž˜ ์ €์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Œ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์›”๋ฅ˜(overtopping)ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ ๋ถ•๊ดด ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜ ์•ฝ 34%๊ฐ€ ์›”๋ฅ˜์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค(Costa, 1985). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ทนํ•œ๊ฐ•์šฐ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ PMP๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„ยท์‹œ๊ณต๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ธ ๋Œ์€ ๋ถ•๊ดด ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 1999๋…„ ์›”๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ฐ์ฒœ๋Œ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ผ ์•ฝ 2,500๋ช…์˜ ์ด์žฌ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์•ฝ 1,110์–ต ์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค(Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, Republic of Korea, 2000).

๋Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค: 1)๋Œ ์ฆ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ; 2)์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์„ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ตœ์  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ์›”๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„์˜€๋‹ค(Lave and Balvanyos, 1998). ์ฆ‰ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์— ์›”๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๊ณ  (Joo et al., 2013; Park et al., 2013), ์›”๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค ์ค‘์— ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„์‹œํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€๋‹ค (Park et al., 2003; Yi and Nam, 2007). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋Œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ PMP ์•„๋ž˜ ์›”๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™์ˆ˜ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ™์ˆ˜์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ(์˜ˆ: ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰, ์ง€์†์‹œ๊ฐ„)์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋ณ„ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™์ˆ˜ํ”ผํ•ด์•ก ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ํด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์— ๊ตญํ•œํ•ด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›”๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋Œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ(resilience)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ทนํ•œ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ ์›๋ž˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ(Mayunga, 2007), ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‹€์€ ํ™์ˆ˜์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค. PMP๋Š” ๊ทนํ•œ์‚ฌ์ƒ์—, ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜์—, ์ง€์†์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€์ž…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋จผ์ € ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€(๋Œ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ)๋ฅผ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ๊ณผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

2.1 ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ์ •์˜

ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ(resilience)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” Holling (1973)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒํƒœํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„)์ด ๊ต๋ž€์„ ๊ฐ๋‚ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์†์„ฑ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์†์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ์–ด, ์ฆ‰ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ(stability)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์™€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ(community)์˜ ๋ณต์žก๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Klein et al., 2003; Walker et al., 2006).

Timmerman (1981)์€ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ธ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ Holling (1973)๊ณผ๋Š” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด, ์ฆ‰ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์ด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๊ฒฌ๋””๋Š” ์†์„ฑ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด ์‹œ์„ค์ด ์ž…์€ ์†์ƒ์„ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ ์žฌํ•ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์ด ์†์ƒ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์†์ƒ์„ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์—ฌ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณต๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์†์‹ค์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด๋‹ค.

Timmerman (1981) ์ดํ›„ ์žฌํ•ด ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋‚œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์„ค(Rose, 2004; Rose and Liao, 2005; Baรฑos et al., 2011), ์†ก์ „ ์‹œ์„ค(Xu et al., 2007; Ouyang and Dueรฑas-Osorio, 2012), ๊ต๋Ÿ‰(Bocchini et al., 2014) ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์‹œ์„ค ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์˜์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค(Zhou et al. 2010): 1)์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๊ฑด์„ฑ(robustness); 2)์›๋ž˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ตฌ๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹ ์†์„ฑ(rapidity). ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์ƒ์ˆ ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๋Œ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์žฌํ•ด ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋‚œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ž์ฒด์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „์ˆ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ์€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ํ™์ˆ˜์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•  ๋ฟ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ•๊ฑด์„ฑ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์‹ ์†์„ฑ์€ ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.2 ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ด์„์  ์ •์˜

ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์†์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์  ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ •์˜๋Š” Eq. (1)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(Bruneau et al., 2003; Cimellaro et al., 2010; Bocchini et al., 2014).

PIC3A88.gif (1)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, RL์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ด ์†์‹ค, to๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์†์‹ค๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ , tr์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ณต๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ , Q๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์ด๋‹ค. Eq. (1)์€ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ด ์†์‹ค๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ•๊ฑด์„ฑ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก, ์‹ ์†์„ฑ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก RL์€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ RL์ด ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด์„์  ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋ณ„ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๋น„๊ต์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ทนํ•œ์‚ฌ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์†์‹ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์— ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ†ตํ–‰๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทนํ•œ๊ฐ•์šฐ์‚ฌ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ํ™์ˆ˜์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ท ์—ด ์ง์ „์˜ ํ†ตํ–‰๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ 100% ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Q๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋Œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™์ˆ˜์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

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Fig. 1. Resilience Loss as Computed by Eq. (1)

Fig. 1์—์„œ ์„ธ๋กœ์ถ•์€ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ฐ•๊ฑด์„ฑ์„, ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ถ•์€ ์‹ ์†์„ฑ์„, ์ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ด ์†์‹ค(RL)์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ RL์ด ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3. ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์‚ฐ์ • ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ

PIC3AE8.jpg

Fig. 2. Resilience Assessment Framework

๋Œ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ ํ™์ˆ˜์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๋ฐ, ํ™์ˆ˜์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋Œ์˜ ์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰, ์ €์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ์ด ํ•˜์ฒœ์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์ œ๋ฐฉ์„ ์›”๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์‹œ์—๋„ ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ œ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ™์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๋„ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์‚ฐ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(Fig. 2).

์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” PMP์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ PMF๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•ด ๋Œ์— ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ทนํ•œ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. PMP๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ˆ˜๊ณต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„, ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์กฐ๊ฑด ์•„๋ž˜ ํŠน์ • ์œ ์—ญ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์  ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค(World Meteorological Organization 2009). PMP๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์ƒํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(hydro-meteorological method), ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(statistical method), ๋ฐ ํฌ๋ฝ์„  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(envelope curve method) ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. PMP๋ฅผ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ ์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ตœ๋Œ€์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์ด PMF๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. PMF๋Š” PMP์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„์šฐ๋Ÿ‰์ฃผ์ƒ๋„(design hyetograph)๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ๋’ค ์œ ์—ญ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•™์  ์ง€์‹์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์€ World Meteorological Organization (2009) ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•œ PMF๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋Œ์˜ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋Œ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค:

โ‘ ๋Œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์ œ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ™์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์กฐ์ ˆ์—†์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค(๋Œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰ < ์ œ๋ฐฉ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ™์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰);

โ‘ก๋Œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์ œ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ™์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค(๋Œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰ = ์ œ๋ฐฉ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ™์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰);

โ‘ข๋Œ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํšํ™์ˆ˜์œ„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ „๊ฐœํ•ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค (๋Œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰ > ์ œ๋ฐฉ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ™์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰).

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ โ‘ ~โ‘ก๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ํ™์ˆ˜ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ด๊ณ  โ‘ข์€ ๋Œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด(์ฆ‰ ์›”๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐฉ์ง€)๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™์ˆ˜ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค. PMP๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด PMF๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์— ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ โ‘ข์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ โ‘ข์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ (to)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ โ‘ข์—์„œ โ‘ก๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ (tr)์—์„œ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ณต์›๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ์ œ๋ฐฉ ์›”๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฐจ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ด ํ™์ˆ˜์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ Q๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉฐ Q๋ฅผ to๋ถ€ํ„ฐ tr๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ด RL์ด ๋œ๋‹ค(Eq. (1) ์ฐธ์กฐ).

์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” RL ๊ฐ’๊ณผ Q์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ํ™์ˆ˜ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์ˆ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ™์ˆ˜ํ”ผํ•ด๋Š” ์ œ๋ฐฉ์›”๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰(RL)๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™์ˆ˜์œ ์ถœํŠน์„ฑ(Q์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ˜•์ƒ)์—๋„ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋ณ„ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๋น„๊ต์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

4.1 ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๊ฐœ์š”

์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ๋‚™๋™๊ฐ• ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋†’์ด 83m, ๊ธธ์ด 612m์˜ ์ค‘์•™์ฐจ์ˆ˜ํ˜• ํ† ์„๋Œ(earth core rock-fill dam)์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋Œ์€ ์œ ์—ญ๋ฉด์  1,584km2, ์ด์ €์ˆ˜์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 1,248๋ฐฑ๋งŒm3, ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 110๋ฐฑ๋งŒm3, ์šฉ์ˆ˜๊ณต๊ธ‰๋Ÿ‰ 926๋ฐฑ๋งŒm3, ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์„ค์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 90,000kW ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํš๋์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1971๋…„ ์ฐฉ๊ณตํ•ด 1977๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋Œ์€ 2007๋…„ ๋น„์ƒ ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‹ ์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌ ์ฐฉ๊ณต ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„ค ์ฐจ๋ก€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ PMP์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ PMF๋Š” Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(Ministry of Construction and Transportation, Republic of Korea, 2005).

Table 1. Comparison of PMP and PMF for Case Study Dam Watershed

Year

1977

1988

2001

2004

PMP (mm)

530

434

573

580

PMF (m3/s)

8,350

10,251

13,016

15,100

Table 1์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๋ก PMF๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ PMP๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹น์‹œ(1971๋…„)๋ณด๋‹ค 9.4% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด PMF๋Š” 80.8% ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ PMF๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€(2004๋…„) ์ง์ „์— ๋ฃจ์‚ฌ(2002๋…„), ๋งค๋ฏธ(2003๋…„)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ํƒœํ’์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

1971๋…„ ๋ฐ 1988๋…„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์›”๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, 2001๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2001๋…„์—๋Š” ๊ณ„ํšํ™์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ์›”๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ณ , 2004๋…„์—๋Š” ์ €์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์— ๊ธฐ์กด ๋Œ ์ฆ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ, ๋น„์ƒ ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‹ ์„ค ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ฐฉ์‹ ๋น„์ƒ ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„ค(์ฆ‰ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๋Œ€)ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ๊ณต ์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ์„ ํƒ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์›”๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์— ๊ฒฝ๋„๋œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ฐ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™์ˆ˜์œ ์ถœํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ํ™์ˆ˜ํ”ผํ•ด๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด, ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ(์ฆ‰ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋Œ ์ฆ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ๋น„์ƒ ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‹ ์„ค)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

4.2 ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋ณ„ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์‚ฐ์ •

PMP ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ PMF๋ฅผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์— ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น„์ƒ ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‹ ์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌ ์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ(Table 1์˜ 2004๋…„ ๊ฐ’)์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ PMP๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์ƒํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์ถ”์ •ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ํ—ˆํ”„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(Huff, 1967)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ Fig. 3์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋ณ„ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋‘ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ชจ๋‘ PMF๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์— ์œ ์ž…๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ๋Œ ์ˆ˜์œ„๋Š” ์ƒ์‹œ๋งŒ์ˆ˜์œ„(E.L. 160.0m)๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ณ„ํšํ™์ˆ˜์œ„๋Š” E.L. 161.7m์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์ œ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ™์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 2,990m3/s๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์žฅ์˜ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ โ‘ ๋Œ์— ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 2,990m3/s์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์กฐ์ ˆ์—†์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ ; โ‘ก์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์ด 2,990m3/s์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ์ •๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ; โ‘ข๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ E.L. 161.7m์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Fig. 4๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด ๋Œ ์ฆ๊ณ ์•ˆ(7,451m3/s)์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‹ ์„ค์•ˆ(11,193m3/s)๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘๊ณ , ์ œ๋ฐฉ์›”๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ 0์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋Œ ์ฆ๊ณ ์•ˆ(45์‹œ๊ฐ„)์ด ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‹ ์„ค์•ˆ(34์‹œ๊ฐ„)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์†Œ์š”๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ•๊ฑด์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ ์ฆ๊ณ ์•ˆ์ด ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์†์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‹ ์„ค์•ˆ์ด ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ธ RL์€ ๋Œ ์ฆ๊ณ ์•ˆ(319๋ฐฑ๋งŒm3)์ด ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‹ ์„ค์•ˆ(418๋ฐฑ๋งŒm3)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž‘์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์›”๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋Œ ์ฆ๊ณ ์•ˆ์ด ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‹ ์„ค์•ˆ์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ํ™์ˆ˜ํ”ผํ•ด๊นŒ์ง€ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋Œ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์ž์ฒด์—๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ตญํ•œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

PIC3B47.png

Fig. 3. Inflow Hydrograph under PMP

PIC3B57.png

Fig. 4. Comparison of Resilience Losses

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ทนํ•œ๊ฐ•์šฐ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ยท์‹œ๊ณต๋ผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ธ ๋Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋‚œ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ์„ ์ฆ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅ/์‹ ์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ์›”๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋งค๋ชฐ๋œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ํ™์ˆ˜ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ํ™์ˆ˜์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋Œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋Œ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” PMP๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•œํ•ด ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋ณ„ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ PMP ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰(์˜ˆ 1,000๋…„ ๋นˆ๋„ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰)์—์„œ๋„ ์ œ๋ฐฉ์›”๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— PMP๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™•๋ฅ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋†’์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์‚ฐ์ •์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™์ˆ˜ํ”ผํ•ด์•ก์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋™์ผ์„ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ›„ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ๋“ค์ด ๊ทน๋ณต๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์ฆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ ์ด๊ณต๋ถ„์•ผ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…-๊ธฐ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…(NRF-2013R1A1A2010875)์˜ ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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