Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์ˆ˜์ž์›โ€คํ•˜์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology)
  2. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์ˆ˜์ž์›โ€คํ•˜์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œ„์› (Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology)


SWAT, MODFLOW, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ, ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€
SWAT, MODFLOW, Groundwater pumping, Water curtain cultivation, Water budget

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  •   2.1 ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

  •   2.2 ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋™ ๋ชจ๋ธ

  • 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

  •   3.1 ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ€์ง€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ถ„์„

  •   3.2 ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ€์ง€ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ถ„์„

  • 4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ(Water Curtain Cultivation : WCC) ํ˜•์‹์€ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์–‘๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์€ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ ์— ์˜จ์‹ค ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์— ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์„ค ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€์—์„œ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–‘์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜จ๋„ ์œ ์ง€์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ›„ ๋†์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•˜์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ด์šฉ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์™ธ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์–‘์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ฒœ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ, ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”, ์–‘์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์–‘์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์›ํ™œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์€ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์ €์žฅ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ถฉ์ „๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฝํžˆ๋Š” High Plains (HP) ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 450,000 km2 ๋„“์ด์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ 13,000๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์„ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•œ ํ™”์„์ˆ˜(fossil groundwater)๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ 330 km3 ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ ์ถ”์„ธ๋กœ๋Š” 35%์˜ HP ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ํ–ฅํ›„ 30๋…„ ๋‚ด์— ๊ด€๊ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค(Scanlon et al., 2012). ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์ด ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ €์žฅ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ง‘์ˆ˜์ •์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ง€์—์„œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์€ ๊ด€์ธก์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ฑ… ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kollet and Zlotnik, 2003; Nyholm et al., 2002; Barlow and Leake, 2012). ๋˜ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „์ฑ„์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์ „์  ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์—ญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‹œ ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•˜์ฒœ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ฐฉ์•ˆ(Chung and Lee, 2013)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ถฉ์ „๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋Œ€๋ผ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์ ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ›„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€๊ฐœ์šฉ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ด์šฉ์ด ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒœ๋ถ€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์ธต์€ ์šฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์ „์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์ด ์ƒ์‡„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒœ๋ถ€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ด๋“ฌํ•ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด Pavelic et al.(2012)๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ•ด์˜ ์ด๋“ฌํ•ด ๋น„ ๋ชฌ์ˆœ๊ณ„์ ˆ(non-monsoon season)์—๋Š” ์˜ค์ง 10% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ด€์ •์ด ๋ง๋ผ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์€ ํ•ด์—๋Š” ์ด๋“ฌํ•ด 40%์˜ ๊ด€์ •์ด ๋ง๋ผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋Š”, ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์˜ ์ฒœ๋ถ€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชฌ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ฆŒ์ด ๋งค๋…„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฒœ๋ถ€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์ธต์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ €์ˆ˜์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์กฐ์ฐจ Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta์˜ ์ฒœ๋ถ€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ธต์ด ๋ชฌ์ˆœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ•จ์–‘๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ €์žฅ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Shamsudduha et al., 2009). ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์ด ๊ตญ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์€ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ Perrin et al. (2012)์ด ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜์— ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ๋น„ํ”ผ์•• ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์–‘์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ์„ค์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—ญ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์ •๋ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์—ญ์ธ ์ฒญ์›๊ตฐ ๊ฐ€๋•๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์‹ฌ์ฒœ ์ค‘์ƒ๋ฅ˜์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋…ผ๋†์‚ฌ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์˜จ์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—ญ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ์˜๋†์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‹ค(Chang and Chung, 2014). ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‹œ์„ค์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์‹œ์„ค์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ง€์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ•œ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ทจ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์šฐ๋ ค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์ž์› ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์ƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ง€ ๋‚ด ์ ์ • ์ทจ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฑ… ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. Chang and Chung (2014)์€ Moon et al. (2012)์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ผ์ผ ์–‘์ˆ˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 3์ฐจ์› ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋™๋ชจํ˜•์ธ MODFLOW (McDonald and Harbaugh, 1988)์™€ ์œ ์—ญ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ๋ชจํ˜• SWAT (Arnold and Fohrer, 2005)์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ์ง€์—ญ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ธก๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ฐ’์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ชจ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 2012๋…„ 8์›” 4์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2014๋…„ 3์›” 30์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ 607์ผ ๋™์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฅ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผ ์ทจ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๊ฐ• ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ •์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์ˆ˜ ์Šค์ผ€์ฅด์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ ์ทจ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์ •๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋•Œ Moon et al. (2012)์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์šฉ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ ์ตœ์ €๊ธฐ์˜จ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ถ”์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Chang and Chung (2014)์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ธก์ •์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ถฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ „๋„๋„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1์€ ์ฒญ์›์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๊ด€์ •์ด ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ฐ์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฒœ๋ณ€์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋Š” 11์›” ์ค‘์ˆœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2์›” ์ค‘์ˆœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝ 3๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง‘์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์–‘์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋†์—…์šฉ์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ทจ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์„ ๊ฒช๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ด์šฉ์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_35_6_06_F1.jpg

Fig. 1. Concept of Groundwater Depletion in The Region of Water-Curtain Cultivation (WCC)

2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

2.1 ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

์‹œํ—˜ ์œ ์—ญ์ธ ์ฒญ์›๊ตฐ ๊ฐ€๋•๋ฉด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ฒœ๋ถ€๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์€ ๋‚จํ•œ ์ •์ค‘์•™์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด์‹ฌ์ฒœ ์œ ์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ •๋ฅ˜์ƒํƒœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ๋ฆ„์€ ๋‚จ์—์„œ ๋ถ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์œ ์—ญ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋†์—…ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ง€์ด๋ฉฐ ๋…ผ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐญ์ด ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ ์—๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค์žฌ๋ฐฐ์—์„œ ๋”ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋”ธ๊ธฐ ์ƒ์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์„ค์€ ํ•˜์ฒœ๊ณผ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ถฉ์ ์ธต(alluvium) ์ง€๋Œ€์— ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์‹ฌ์ฒœ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ํ‰ํƒ„ํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹œํ—˜์œ ์—ญ ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋„ 100 m์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์•…์ง€ํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์–‘์ˆ˜์ •์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋”ธ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ๋ถˆ๊ท ์งˆ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ธต ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ƒ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ‡ด์ ์ธต, ํ’ํ™”ํ† ์ธต, ํ’ํ™”์•”์ธต, ์—ฐ์•”์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ์•”์ธต์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ง€ํ•˜ 35 m ์•„๋ž˜์— ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค(KIGAM, 2013).

๋ชจ๋ธ ์˜์—ญ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด์‹ฌ์ฒœ์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณด(weir)๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ํ•˜์ฒœ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์‹ฌ์ฒœ์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•˜์ฒœ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•˜์ฒœ ์ˆ˜์œ„๋Š” ์•ฝ 69 m์—์„œ 62 m์˜ ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ ์˜์—ญ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ํ•˜์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณด ์ตœ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์— ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๋™์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์šฉ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜ ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ์‹œ์„ค์žฌ๋ฐฐ์šฉ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ•์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋Š” 11์›” ์ค‘์ˆœ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋†์—…์šฉ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋’ค ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. Moon et al. (2012) ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ถ€์ง€์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ 1์ผ ํ‰๊ท  ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ† ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ’์„ 68.4 m3/day๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์— ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ณต์€ ์•ฝ 68๊ฐœ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์‹ฌ๋„๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  50 m์ด๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด ๊ด€์ •๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋†์—…์šฉ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์ƒํŽŒํ”„ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋“ค์˜ ํก์ƒ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ 8.5 m, ์••์ƒ ๋†’์ด๋Š” 15.5 m์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ์–•์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค.

2.2 ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋™ ๋ชจ๋ธ

MODFLOW๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ์œ ํ•œ์ฐจ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ชจ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ€์ง€์˜ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๋ น์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชจ์˜์˜์—ญ์„ 1200 ร— 1800 m๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ (Fig. 2(a)), ๊ฒฉ์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ ด ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€์ • ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ 5 ร— 5 m ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์žํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ  ๊ด€์ •์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์—ญ์€ 20 m ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒฉ์ž์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ ธ๋‹ค ๋ชจ์˜ ์˜์—ญ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์€ ๋ฌดํ๋ฆ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์„œ์ชฝ ๋ฐ ๋‚จ์ชฝ ์˜์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด์‹ฌ์ฒœ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชจ์˜ ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์— ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด์˜ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ•์šฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™ ํญ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„๊ต์  ์ž‘๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ฒœ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์€ 4๊ฐœ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์œ„๋Š” ๊ณ ๋„์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ถ์ชฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณด์— ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰ํ˜€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์œ„๋Š” ๊ณ„๋‹จ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์˜์—ญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ํ•˜์ฒœ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ธก๋Ÿ‰์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ฒœ ์ˆ˜์œ„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํ•˜์ฒœ๊ณผ ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์ธก์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(KIGAM, 2013). ๋ฌด์‹ฌ์ฒœ์€ ์ƒ์‹œํ•˜์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์œ ์†์€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฒœ์ˆ˜์œ„๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ์žฅ๋งˆ์ฒ ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” MODFLOW์˜ ํ•˜์ฒœํŒจํ‚ค์ง€(River package)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜์ฒœ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_35_6_06_F2.jpg

Fig. 2. (a) Model Boundary Conditions (b) Spatial Distribution of Hydraulic Conductivities in Layer 1

ํ•œํŽธ, ๋†์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜(Drain) ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ€์ง€ ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ž ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ฒœ ๊ธธ์ด์— ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ-๋ถ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ drain package์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์„ Table 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ง€์ธต์€ ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” 12 m, 20 m, 50 m์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” KIGAM (2012)์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ด€์ธก๊ฐ’ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ณด์ •์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ dry cell ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด 2-3 m ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ํ‘œํ† ์ธต์„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 1์ธต๊ณผ 2์ธต์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ’ํ™”ํ† ์™€ ํ’ํ™”์•”์ธต์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์ธต์ด๋‹ค. KIGAM (2013)์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ์–‘์ˆ˜์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด layer 1์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ „๋„๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ์–‘์ˆ˜์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ถฉ์ ์ธต์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ํ›„, ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ถ„ํฌ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ ํ›„ ํ•˜์ฒœ๋ณ€์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚ด์‚ฝ๋ฒ•(interpolation)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ƒ 1์ธต์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ „๋„๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„์™€ ์ง€ํ˜•๊ณ ๋„, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ „๋„๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€ํ˜•๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ „๋„๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜์—ญ์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ „๋„๋„ ๊ฐ’์€ 1.0~7.2 m/day์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ท  2.8 m/day, ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋Š” 1.3 m/day์ด๋‹ค(Fig. 2(b)).

2์ธต๊ณผ 3์ธต์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ „๋„๋„ ๊ฐ’์€ ํ˜„์žฅ ์–‘์ˆ˜ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฐ’์ด ํฐ ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€์งˆํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ท ์งˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”ผ์•• ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3์ธต์€ 2์ธต์— ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ „๋„๋„ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์–‘์ˆ˜์ •์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ธต ์—ญ์‹œ 3์ธต์ด๋‹ค.

๊ตญ์ง€์  ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋™์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์šฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ•จ์–‘๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํญ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฐ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ ์— ํ•จ์–‘๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋†๋ฌด์„ฑ ๋†์—…์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(USDA Agricultural Research Service, ARS)์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ SWAT ๋ชจํ˜•(Arnorld and Fohrer, 2005)์—์„œ ๋„์ถœํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์–‘๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •๋ฅ˜์ƒํƒœ ๋ชจ์˜์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๋ฐ”(Chung and Lee, 2013) ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์‹ฌ์ฒœ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด SWAT๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ž๋ฃŒ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ๊ธฐ์˜จ, ํ’์†, ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰, ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ฌด์‹ฌ์ฒœ ์œ ์—ญ ๋‚ด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ฒญ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ ํ•˜์ฒœ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ฒญ์ฃผ์ˆ˜์œ„ํ‘œ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํ•ด์„์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์€ ์ฒญ์ฃผ ์ˆ˜์œ„ํ‘œ ์ง€์ ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ด€์ธก ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜(R2)๋Š” 0.75๋กœ ๋น„๊ต์  ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์„ค์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์†Œ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ์‹œ๋ณ€์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 3์€ SWAT์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์ผ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์–‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋„์‹ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ธก ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2013๋…„ 8์›”์—์„œ 2014๋…„ 2์›” ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์–‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒญ์›์ •๋ฐ€์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์–‘๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 15%์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_35_6_06_F3.jpg

Fig. 3. Daily Groundwater Recharge Estimated by SWAT

Table 1. MODFLOW Input Data for Layer Properties

Thickness

Aquifer type

Hydraulic conductivity (m/sec)

Specific yield

(Sy)

Storage coefficient

(Ss, m-1)

KH

KZ

Layer 1

(Weathered rock)

12

Unconfined

2.7 ร— 10-5 ~7.6 ร— 10-5

2.7 ร— 10-5 ~7.6 ร— 10-5

0.09

Layer 2

(Weathered rock)

20

Confined

2 ร— 10-6

1 ร— 10-6

1ร—10-5

Layer 3

(Soft rock)

50

Confined

1 ร— 10-5

1 ร— 10-5

1ร—10-4

3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

3.1 ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ€์ง€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ถ„์„

๊ด€์ธก ์‹œ์ž‘์ผ์ธ 2012๋…„ 8์›” 4์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ฝ 680์ผ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งคํ•ด 11์›” 20์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 3์›” 20์ผ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ ์ธ 7, 8์›”์— ์ง‘์ค‘ ํ˜ธ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •๋ฅ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์•ž์„œ ์ •๋ฅ˜์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์ž‘์ „์˜ 12๊ณณ์˜ ๊ด€์ธก๊ฐ’์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 95%์˜ ๋†’์€ R2 ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 4๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ 4 ๊ณณ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๊ด€์ธก๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฅ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ชจ์˜๊ฐ’์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์˜์—ญ ์ƒ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์‹ํ™” ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_35_6_06_F4.jpg

Fig. 4. Representative Comparisons between Observation and Simulated Results for Seasonal Change of Groundwater Level

์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ธ Chang and Chung (2014)๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ 2012๋…„ 11์›”์—์„œ 2013๋…„ 2์›”๊นŒ์ง€ 107์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ ๊ด€์ธก์ •์—์„œ ๊ด€์ธกํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ํ•˜๊ฐ• ๊ณก์„  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ด€์ธก์ •์ด ์†์‹ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ด€์ธก๊ฐ’์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” CWW-04, CWW-05, CWW-07, CWW-08, CWW-11, OB-11์˜ 6๊ฐœ ๊ด€์ •์˜ ๊ด€์ธก๊ฐ’์„ ์ฃผ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ์˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ 607์ผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 2012๋…„ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”, 2012๋…„์—์„œ 2013๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ 4๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๊ฐ•, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ์ˆ˜์œ„ํšŒ๋ณต ๋ฐ 2013๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ์œ ๋™, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2013๋…„ 11์›”์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ์žฌํ•˜๊ฐ• ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ฅ˜์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” El. 63~68 m์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ • ๊ฐ€๋™ ํ›„์—๋Š” ํ•˜๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜์ฒœ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์ชฝ์ธ ๋ถ๋™์ชฝ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์–‘์ˆ˜์ •์ด ๋ฐ€์ง‘ํ•ด์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฒœ๊ณผ์˜ ์ด๊ฒฉ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€์–ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๊ฐ• ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์ฒœ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฒœ์—์„œ ์œ ๋„ํ•จ์–‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด ์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 4์—์„œ CWW8๊ณผ CWW 11์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๊ฐ• ๊ณก์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๋ฉด์  ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์–‘์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋“ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด ์‚ฐ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฉ์–ด์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์–‘์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฒ” ์ง€์—ญ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์–‘์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์–‘์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ •๋„๋Š” ์–‘์ˆ˜์ •์˜ ๊นŠ์ด, ํ•˜์ฒœ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5๋Š” ๊ด€์ธก๊ฐ’์„ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ž˜ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€์ธก์ •์ธ CWW-11์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ํ•˜๊ฐ•-์ƒ์Šน ๊ณก์„  ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด€์ธก์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ค์ธก ๊ด€์ธก์น˜์ด๊ณ , ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€ ์ƒ‰ ์„ ์€ MODFLOW๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ด€์ธก๊ฐ’์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ ์ฐจ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‘”๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. 2012๋…„์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์€ 2013๋…„ ์•ฝ 4๋‹ฌ์—ฌ ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ์ ์€ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ์ง‘์ค‘ ๊ฐ•์šฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๋†๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์— ์˜ํ•ด, ๋†๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ƒ์Šน์— ์˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฒ”๋žŒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ธ 2013๋…„ 11์›”์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜์œ„ ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ธฐ์ž‘์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2013๋…„ 11์›”์— ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง„ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ด€์ธก๊ฐ’์€ 510์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, CWW-11๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ •์—์„œ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์ด ์ง€์†๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ผ์ •์ˆ˜์œ„์—์„œ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๊ด€์ •์˜ ๋ชจํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์–‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์–‘์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋œ๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_35_6_06_F5.jpg

Fig. 5. Comparison of Observed Data and Simulated Data for Groundwater Drawdown and Recovery Pattern in Monito-Ring Well, CWW-11

์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์šฉ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๋™๋ฐฉ์‹์€ 5ยฐC๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๋ฉฐ 0ยฐC ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค(Moon et al., 2012). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ธฐ์˜จ 0ยฐC ๋˜๋Š” 5ยฐC ์ดํ•˜, ์ตœ์ € ์˜จ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 0ยฐC ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด์„œ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2012๋…„์— ๋น„ํ•ด 2013๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„์˜ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์ด ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ธก์ง€์™€ ๋ชจ์˜์น˜์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2012๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์ž‘์ผ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ 2013๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์ž‘์ผ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ ์ ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ง์ „ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ์ถฉ์ „ ์ •๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ 2013๋…„ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2 ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ€์ง€ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 6์€ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ต๋ž€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•˜์ฒœ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰(river leakage), ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ์ €๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰(storage), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ง€๋‚ด ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜(drain)์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์–‘์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ „ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์— ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์—์„œ ํ•˜์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ„๊ฐ„์ด ๊ด€์ธก๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด, ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ๋ฐ•์Šค๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•˜์ฒœ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์œ ๋„ํ•จ์–‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ์ถฉ์ „ ๋˜ํ•œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ˆ˜ ์ทจ์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์œ ๋„ ํ•จ์–‘ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์–‘ํƒœ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ๊ต๋ž€์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–‘์ˆ˜์ • ๋ชจํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ์ ๋ฉธ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ์ž… ์œ ์ถœ ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ฒœ์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ์ž…์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ๋ˆ„์ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 7).

Figure_KSCE_35_6_06_F6.jpg

Fig. 6. Variation of Water Budget Components

Figure_KSCE_35_6_06_F7.jpg

Fig. 7. Cumulative Water Budget for Model Boundaries

Fig. 7์€ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ์ „ ๋ชจ์˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰ ๋ช…์•”์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋†์ˆ˜๋กœ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ(drainage) ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ Fig. 7(a)๋Š” ์ „ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๋†๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋กœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‘”ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ๋‚ด์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ๋†๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ๋†’์ด ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 7(b)์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ•์šฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์–‘๋Ÿ‰(areal recharge)์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์–‘์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘”ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ•จ์–‘๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์–‘์ด ์ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์€ ํ•จ์–‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 7(c)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์šฉ ์–‘์ˆ˜(pumping)์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋งŒ ์œ ์ถœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ˆ„์ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 2012๋…„ ๋ฐ 2013๋…„ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰(surface-water)์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 7(d)์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์œ ๋„ํ•จ์–‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‘”ํ™”๋˜๊ธด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œ ์ถœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ, ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์œ ์ถœ์ด ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ํšŒ๋ณต์— ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ , ์ธ์œ„์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 8์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ถœ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ์‹ค์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์œ ์ž…์€ ์ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ถœ์€ ์–‘์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์œ ์ถœ ๋ฐ ๋†๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๋กœ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์œ ์ถœ ์ผ๋ถ€์˜ ํ•ฉ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์‹ค์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ถœ์ด ์–‘์ˆ˜์— ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด, ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์œ ๋„ํ•จ์–‘ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•์šฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ์œ ์ž…์€ ๋น„๊ต์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์™„๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค. 2012๋…„ 8์›” 1์ผ์„ ๋ˆ„์  ์œ ์ž…/์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ 0์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์„ ์„ธ์› ๋‹ค. 2012๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ ์— ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์€ 90,000 m3์ด ๋˜์–ด ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ธ 45,000 m3๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์ž‘์ดํ›„๋กœ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์›”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ›„ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•˜์ฒœ์˜ ์œ ๋„ํ•จ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2013๋…„ 8์›” 1์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ˆ„์ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์›”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1๋…„ ํ›„์ธ 2013๋…„ 8์›” 1์ผ์—๋Š” 2012๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์‹œ์ ์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ๋‚ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ถฉ์ „ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2013๋…„ 8์›” 1์ผ์„ ๋ˆ„์  ์œ ์ž…/์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ, 2013๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ ์— ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์ด ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋น„ํ•ด 13,000 m3๋ฐ–์— ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ 2012๋…„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰ 45,000 m3์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 2013๋…„์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_35_6_06_F8.jpg

Fig. 8. WCC Operation Compared to Cumulative Water Budget for Model Boundaries

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์‹œ์„ค ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ€์ง€ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ด€์ธก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ์—ญ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•ด์„ ๋ชจํ˜•์ธ SWAT์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์–‘๋Ÿ‰์„ 3์ฐจ์› ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋™๋ชจํ˜•์ธ MOD-FLOW์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง(Integrated Modeling)์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ํ•˜๊ฐ•-ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ , ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ๊ต๋ž€์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ง‰ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์„ค์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ๊ต๋ž€ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์ผ๋ณ„ ์œ ์ž…/์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ˆ„์ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์ •๋ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„, ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ 2013๋…„์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ž…๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ€์ง€์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ธก์ • ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ฝ 600์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ์˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€์ง€์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ง€์†์„ฑ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ€์ง€๋Š” ์ธ๊ณตํ•จ์–‘ ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ธ๊ณตํ•จ์–‘์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋„์ž…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—… โ€œ์ˆ˜๋ณ€์ถฉ์ ์ธต ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๋ณต์›๊ธฐ์ˆ (11๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  C05-2)โ€์˜ ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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