Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ๊ฒฝ๋ถ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Kyungpook National University)
  2. ๊ฒฝ๋ถ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Kyungpook National University)
  3. ๊ฒฝ๋ถ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์ •๊ต์ˆ˜ (Kyungpook National University)


ํŒŒ๋ฆฌํ˜‘์ •, ์„ค๊ณ„VE, ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ VE, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ, ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชจ๋ธ
Paris agreement, Design VE, Eco-VE, Environmental cost, Eco-Value model

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  •   1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

  •   1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„

  •   1.3 ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ

  • 2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

  •   2.1 ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ณตํ•™(Value Engineering : VE)

  •   2.2 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ •์˜

  •   2.3 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  •   2.4 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ œ๋„

  •   2.5 ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ

  • 3. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

  •   3.1 ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€๊ฐ€์น˜์ธก์ •๋ฒ•(CVM)

  •   3.2 LCC-LCA ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์ •๋ฒ•

  •   3.3 ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ

  • 4. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชจ๋ธ

  •   4.1 ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

  •   4.2 ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋„์ถœ

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณตํ‘œ๋œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌํ˜‘์ •(Paris Agreement)์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ 8์œ„์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €๊ฐ๋Œ€์ฑ…, ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ๋””์ž์ธ(Passive Design), LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) ๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ ์ธ์ฆ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทน์  ์ ์šฉ์— ๊ทธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ ์ธ์ฆ๋„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ €๊ฐ์— ์น˜์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ 100์–ต ์ด์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„VE ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„VE ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค๋…„ ์•ฝ 3%์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim, 2014). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” VE Job Plan์€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด VE ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 100์–ต ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์‹œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„VE์— ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ VE์—์„œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ›„ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ •๋ฆฝ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์—์„œ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ œ๋„์ , ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE์—์„œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_36_5_15_F1.jpg

Fig. 1. Research Process

1.3 ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ CO2๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ •์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๊ณ  ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์šฉ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ธ, ํƒ„์†Œ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์ง€๋ถˆ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ LCAํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Lee (1999)์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ๊ณต์‹œ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ์ธก์ •์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Park (2000)์€ ๊ธฐ์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ธก์ • ์ œ๋„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ค˜๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Lee (2000)๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์ธ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ด‘์˜์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์›์ฒœ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Lee (2006)์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์ง€๋ถˆ์˜์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ์†Œ๋น„์ž์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ํ›„ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์›๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์†์‹ค๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Cho (2015)๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ ์ธ์‹์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ๊ณต์‹œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฒ™๋„์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๊ฒฝ์˜์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Choi (2005)๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ฑด์ถ•์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ์ž์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™” ํ•˜๊ณ  LCA๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kim (2008)์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ LCC ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ „ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์ƒ์• ๋น„์šฉ (ECO-Cost)์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์— ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ธ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ถ„์•ผ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ ์ด๋ฅผ G-Dex๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ด๋ผ ์ •์˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ-์„ฑ๋Šฅ-๋น„์šฉํ‰๊ฐ€-๊ฐ€์น˜ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Yun (2009)์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ณ„ ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด์„ค ์‹œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋น„์šฉ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Cha (2010)์€ ํ•ด์ฒด๊ณต์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋œ ๊ฑด์„คํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ํ•ด์ฒด๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ตœ์ข…์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑด์„คํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ CO2 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ •์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„คํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜์†ก๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Han (2010)์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ž์žฌ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ณต๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑด์„ค์ž์žฌ์™€ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฅ๋น„์˜ ํˆฌ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ •๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€์ •๊ณต์‚ฌ, ํ™๋ง‰์ด๊ณต์‚ฌ, ๊ฑฐํ‘ธ์ง‘๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ฒ•๋ณ„ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Jang (2012)์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐVE ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ถ„์„๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์ธ LCA๋ฅผ ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ VE์ œ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์‹œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก, ์‚ฐ์—…์—ฐ๊ด€๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด์„ค์ž์žฌ์˜ ์›๋‹จ์œ„ DB๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ’ˆ์…ˆ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์—ญ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ CO2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์›๋‹จ์œ„ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ณจ์กฐ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž์žฌ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ CO2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์›๋‹จ์œ„ DB๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Noh (2010)๋Š” BAU (Business As Usual)๋Œ€๋น„ 30%์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฐ์ถ•์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ , ํƒ„์†Œ์„ธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋‘์–ด๋“ค์ธ ์„ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ผ์ •์•ก์„ R&Dํˆฌ์ž์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํƒ„์†Œ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„์šฉ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ 1์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ธ๋˜๋‚˜ ํƒ„์†Œ์„ธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์œ ์ธ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”(ITC : Induced technological change)๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ์ถ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์†์‹ค์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kang (2013)์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐVE (GValue) ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. GValue๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ VE๊ฐ’์— ํ™˜๊ฒฝVE ๊ฐ’์„ ๋”ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ(Ce)์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(Fo)๊ณผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(Fe)์„ ๋”ฐ๋กœ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋„ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ์ง์ ‘ํ”ผํ•ด๋น„์šฉ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ์„ธ๊ธˆ๋ถ€๊ณผ์ œ๋„, ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE์— ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

2.1 ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ณตํ•™(Value Engineering : VE)

๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ์˜ VE๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๏ฝข์ตœ์ €์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋น„์šฉ(life cycle cost)์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์Ÿ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๏ฝฃ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ VEํ™œ๋™์€ ์ค€๋น„๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๋ถ„์„๋‹จ๊ณ„, ์‹คํ–‰๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™” ๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim, 1999).

๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. VEํ™œ๋™์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ์จ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Table 1์€ VE์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฝ”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ฝ”์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ฝ”์ŠคํŠธ๋„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ˜๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. Table 2๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Table 1. Relationship of Function and Cost

Div.

Contents

Value Criteria

V = F/C (Function/LCC)

V : Value Index

Function

Consideration of the thinking of function focus

Value

Increasing of value index is desirable

Life Cycle Cost

life cycle cost is the sum of all initial cost and maintenance cost

Table 2. Types of VE

Div.

โ‘ 

โ‘ก

โ‘ข

โ‘ฃ

Function

โ†’

โ†—

โ†—

โ†—

Cost

โ†˜

โ†’

โ†˜

โ†—

V.E

Value & Design

2.2 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ •์˜

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์ด๋ž€ ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„์šฉ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ดด, ์˜ค์—ผ, ๋ณด์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ง์ ‘๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ž์ฒด์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋น„์šฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ค‘ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋น„, ๋ณด์ƒ๋น„, ์ œ๋„์ ๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค(Lee, 1999).

์ง์ ‘๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์‚ฐ์ •์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋น„์šฉ, ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ํ”ผํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ, ์ˆ˜์งˆ, ํ† ์–‘ํ”ผํ•ด๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์ธก์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋น„, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋ณด์ƒ๋น„ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์  ๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ ์ž๋ฃŒ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์€ Table 3์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„์ด๋‹ค.

Table 3. Classification of Environmental Cost

Main

Middle

Sub Category

Environmental

Pollution Cost

Environment 

Damage Cost

Air 

Water 

Land 

Pesticide 

Radiation 

Thermal Cracking

Toxicology

Odor Emissions

Environmental Destruction

Noise

Vibration

Industrial Waste

Subsidence of Land

Sunlight Infringements

Adding Harmful Food

Water Shortages

Destruction of Natural   Landscapes

Environmental

Conservation Cost

Environmental Pollution   Prevention Costs

Environmental Pollution Prevention Equipment

Operation Maintenance of   Environmental Equipment

Factory Planting

Environmental Remediation

Raw Material Conversion and Pollution Avoidance

Non-Pollution Public Relation

Environmental Pollution Prevention Training

Environmental Pollution Measure

Waste Treatment Cost

Waste Incineration

Waste Burial Treatment

Effective 

Environmental Pollution

Compensation Cost

Compensation

Animals and Plants   Compensation

Environmental Pollution

Test research cost

Improvement of the Manufacturing Method

Reduction of Pollution   Control

Development of By Products   and Joint Products

Etc.

Legal and Institution Cost

Contractor charges

Environmental pollution   fine

Environmental pollution   charges

Other institutional   relation costs

2.3 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ๊ธˆ์•ก ์ฆ‰, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๊ฒฌ๋””์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์ฒœ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์กด์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์ถ”์ •์— ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋น„์šฉ ์ถ”์ •๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์†์ƒ์„ ์ž…์€ ์‹ค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต๋น„์šฉ ์ถ”์ •๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋น„์˜ ์ถ”์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์†์‹ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํšŒ๋ณต ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 4. Calculation Method of Environmental Cost (Lee, 2000)

Main

Middle

Sub Category

Calculation Method of Environmental Cost

Investigation

Allowance cost to avoid environment pollution

Analysis

Method that extracts information from various source data

Estimation of Prevention Cost

Method that use  cost  required for prevent damage as substitute to real cost

Estimation of Restoration Cost

Same as above

2.4 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ œ๋„

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ ์ธ ์ œ๋„์™€ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์  ์ œ๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ ์ธ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ „๊ตญ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทœ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ ์ธ์ œ๋„์˜ ์†Œ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋กœ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ธˆ์ œ๋„, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋ถ€๊ณผ๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„, ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ˆ์น˜๊ธˆ์ œ๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์†Œ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋กœ๋Š” ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ธˆ์ œ๋„, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ˆ˜์งˆ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ธˆ์ œ๋„, ์‚ฌ์ „ํ˜‘์˜์ œ๋„, ์ˆ˜์งˆ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ, ์ž์œจ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์กฐ์„ฑ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Table 5๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Table 5. Environmental System

Main

Middle

Sub Category

Environmental System

Economical Flexibility

Environmental improvement share cost

Emission taxes

Waste deposit

Preventive System

Waste sharing

Water improvement allotment

Environmental effects evaluation

Prior consultation

Water pollution prevention

Self environmental control foundation

Environmental mark system

2.5 ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ

์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ Table 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Table 6์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์†๋น„์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝํŒŒ๊ดด๋น„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๋ฏธ์—ฐ์— ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋น„, ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋น„, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋ณด์ƒ๋น„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ , ์ œ๋„์  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณต์›๋น„, ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์†Œ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋น„, ๋™์‹๋ฌผ์žฌ์‚ฐ๋ณด์ƒ๋น„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„๋ฅผ ๋” ๋น„์ค‘์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์‹ค์งˆ์  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์—๋Š” ์ ์šฉ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Table 6. Environment Cost Scope

Main

Middle

Sub Category

Lee (1999)

Park (2000)

Lee (2000)

Lee (2006)

Cho (2015)

Environmental

Pollution Cost

Environment 

Damage Cost

Air 

โ—‹

Water 

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Land 

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Pesticide 

โ—‹

Radiation 

โ—‹

Thermal Cracking

โ—‹

Toxicology

โ—‹

Odor Emissions

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Environmental Destruction

Noise

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Vibration

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Industrial Waste

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Subsidence of Land

โ—‹

Sunlight Infringements

โ—‹

Adding Harmful Food

โ—‹

Water Shortages

โ—‹

Destruction of Natural   Landscapes

โ—‹

  Environmental

Conservation Cost

Environmental Pollution   Prevention Costs

Environmental Pollution   Prevention Equipment

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Operation Maintenance of   Environmental Equipment

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Factory Planting

โ—‹

Environmental Remediation

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Raw Material Conversion and Pollution Avoidance

โ—‹

โ—‹

Non-Pollution Public Relation

โ—‹

โ—‹

Environmental Pollution Prevention Training

โ—‹

โ—‹

Environmental Pollution Measure

โ—‹

Waste Treatment Cost

Waste Incineration

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Waste Burial Treatment

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Effective 

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Environmental Pollution

Compensation Cost

Compensation

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Animals and Plants   Compensation

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Environmental Pollution

Test research cost

Improvement of the   Manufacturing Method

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Reduction of Pollution   Control

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Development of By Products   and Joint Products

โ—‹

Etc.

โ—‹

โ—‹

Legal and Institution Cost

Contractor charges

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Environmental pollution   fine

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Environmental pollution   charges

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Other institutional   relation costs

โ—‹

โ—‹

3. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€๊ฐ€์น˜์ธก์ •๋ฒ•๊ณผ LCC-LCA ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฒ•์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.1 ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€๊ฐ€์น˜์ธก์ •๋ฒ•(CVM)

์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€๊ฐ€์น˜์ธก์ •๋ฒ•(CVM)์€ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์‹œํ–‰์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ํ™”ํ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์  ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ”ผํ•ด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜น์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ง€๋ถˆ์˜์‚ฌ์•ก(WTP)์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฌป๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ณก์„ ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋ถˆ์˜์‚ฌ์•ก(WTP)์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๋ฉฐ, ์‘๋‹ต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์ •์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„VE ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค.

3.2 LCC-LCA ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์ •๋ฒ•

ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฒ•์€ ์ „ ์ƒ์• ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ํŠน์ • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์„ ์•Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์ฃผ ๋‚ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋ถ„์„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ, ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํšจ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ• ๋‹น๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๋„์ž…์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 2015๋…„์— ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์ž…์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•„์ง ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ •์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 7. LCC-LCA Integration Calculation Research

Div.

Model

Contents

Characteristic

Park

(2007)

V=F/(Eร—O)

E : Eco-Cost for  Environmental Load

O : Weight Analysis Value Environmental Load

Environmental  Load is calculated by LCA method.

Environmental Cost use carbon emission trading cost.

Kim

(2008)

V=P/(LCC+LCECA)

LCECA : Life Cycle Environmental Cost Analysis

Yoon

(2009)

TC=C+EC

TC : Total Integration Cost

C : LCC

EC : Environmental Cost

LCC-LCA ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์ • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด Table 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์ •๋ฒ•์€ LCA๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•œ ํ›„, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ฆ‰, CO2์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.

Park (2007)๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค๋ฌผ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„ ๊ด€๋ จ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์šฉ ๋œ ์ˆ˜์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

PIC3C42.gif (1)

EnvCost   = Total Env. Cost in Evaluation effect Category (won)

PIC3C72.gif  = Env. Cost for Criteria Env. Load(g/won)

n        = Env. Load Amount

PIC3E28.gif = Weight Analysis Result for Criteria Env. Load (LCIA)

PIC3E78.gif = Weight Analysis Result for Target Env. Load (LCIA)

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์›์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ ์ž์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํˆฌ์ž…๋ฌผ์งˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” 8๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ 16๊ฐœ(Co2, So2 ๋“ฑ)์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Co2๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ Co2์˜ ์ด๋น„์šฉ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 16๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์„ค๊ณ„์›์•ˆ๊ณผ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์ถœ๊ฐ’ EnvCost๋Š” PIC3F05.gif์— PIC3F74.gif์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ ํ›„ PIC3FE2.gif๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

Kim (2008)์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์—… ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ G-DEX (Green Cost Index Methodology)๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์€ ์šฐ์„ ์œผ๋กœ LCA๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์•ˆ์„ ์ตœ์  ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ LCC-LCA ํ†ตํ•ฉํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ์จ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์šฉ๊ณต์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

PIC4050.gif (2)

PIC40AF.gif

LCC = Life Cycle Cost

LCECA = Life Cycle Environmental Cost Analysis

Yun (2009)์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋™์•ˆ ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” LCC์™€ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

PIC414C.gif (3)

PIC416D.gif = Total Integration Cost for Life Cycle

PIC418D.gif  = Each stage LCC

PIC41AD.gif = Env. Cost by Carbon Emission Trading Cost

PIC41CD.gif   = Life Cycle Phase

PIC422C.gif  = Initial Construction Cost

PIC425C.gif  = Maintenance Phase

3.3 ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ

Mckinsey ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ(2008)์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ GDP ๊ฐ์†Œ์š”์ธ์„ ์ƒ์‡„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” GDP์ฆ๊ฐ€์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ•๊ณผ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋…น์ƒ‰์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‹ค.

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ•๊ณผ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋…น์ƒ‰์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ GDP ๊ฐ์†Œ์š”์ธ์„ ์ƒ์‡„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” GDP์ฆ๊ฐ€์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ 2008๋…„ McKinsey Global Institute์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

2050๋…„์— ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ 500 ppmv๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ 2009~2050๋…„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ 2.4% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” 2009๋…„ 11์›”์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ•๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2020๋…„ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ „๋ง์น˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ 30% ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ GDP ๋Œ€๋น„ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ง‘์•ฝ๋„(Carbon Intensity)์˜ ์—ญ์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‹จ์œ„๋‹น GDP์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์€ Eq. (4)์˜ Kaya Identity ๊ณต์‹์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” E๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰, P๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค(Kim, 2009).

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์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ์™ธ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•Š๋‹ค.

4. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชจ๋ธ

4.1 ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชจ๋ธ์€ Kang (2013)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. Eq. (5)์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆฐVE (GValue)๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ VE๊ฐ’์— ํ™˜๊ฒฝVE ๊ฐ’์„ ๋”ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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GValue = Optimized Cost Effect that User perform the necessary function and the environmental function simultaneously keeping Quality

Vo    = General Fo/Co

Ve    = Fe/Ce

Fe    = Environmental Function

Ce    = Environmental Cost that represent environmental Load in a cost

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ(Ce)์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(Fo)๊ณผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(Fe)์„ ๋”ฐ๋กœ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰์‹œ ๊ทธ๋งŒํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด VE ๊ฐ€์น˜ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์‹๊ณผ McKinsey Global Institute์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์‹์€ Eq. (6)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

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EV  = Eco-Friendly VE

EF  = Eco-Function

LCC = Life Cycle Cost

PEPI = Potential Environmental Pollution Index

์ˆ˜์‹์˜ EV (Eco-Value)๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE๋ฅผ, EF (Eco Function)๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ธ์ฆํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ, LEED, BREEAM ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„์ด๋‹ค(Yoon et al., 2011).

Table 8์— ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ VE๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์š”์†Œ์™€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” AHP๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 8. Eco Evaluation Article (Kim, 2010)

Div.

LEED 

BREEAM

Evaluation Article

Architecture Material

Maintenance

Construction Waste Treatment

Health & Well-Being

Energy Countermeasures

Energy

Exist Building Amount

Transportation

Interior Air Quality

Water Resource Efficiency

Landscaping/Outside Design

Construction Material

Recycle Device Installation

Trash

Operation and Control Facility

Land Planning

Forbid of Ozone Layer Destroy Material

Ecology Environment

Position Selecting

Environmental Pollution

Transportation Relationship

Innovation

Water Resource Preservation

Water Quality

LCC๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„๋กœ์จ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋น„, ์žฅ๋น„๋น„, ์ธ๊ฑด๋น„์™€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘๊ฒฝ๋น„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, CO2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋„์„œ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฌ์ ์„œ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ์–‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์‚ฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ์ˆ˜์š”๊ธˆ์•ก์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์—ฐ๊ด€๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณต์ •์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์‚ฐ๋ฒ•, ์‚ฐ์—…์—ฐ๊ด€๋ฒ•, ์กฐํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์•Œ๋งž์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ • ํ›„ ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด CO2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ • ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜(Potential Environmental Pollution Index : PEPI)๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์ด ์‹œ๊ณต ๋œ ํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ธก์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Figs. 2 and 3์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ •ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ VE ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์›์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ํฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Figure_KSCE_36_5_15_F2.jpg

Fig. 2. Potential Environmental Index Calculation Process

Figure_KSCE_36_5_15_F3.jpg

Fig. 3. Potential Environmental Index Evaluation Sheet

4.2 ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋„์ถœ

ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์•„์ง ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์ด๋ผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ™” ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค.

์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ VE ์‹คํ–‰ ์‹œ ์›์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„๊ต๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” AHP๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉ(Choi et al., 2011)ํ•˜์—ฌ VEํŒ€์ด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ VE ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์•Œ๋งž์€ 7๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ Fig. 3์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ VEํŒ€์ด ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์›์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์ด ์‹œ๊ณต ๋œ ํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ 1~7์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  AHP๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•œ ํ›„ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์›์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์›์•ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ’์€ Eq. (6)์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜(PEPI)๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 100์–ต ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์‹œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„VE์— ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์‚ฐ์ •์€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ์„ธ, CO2๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ์ง€๋ถˆ์˜์‚ฌ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ ์šฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํƒ„์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์›์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๋•Œ GDP๋Œ€์‹  ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋น„์šฉ(LCC)๊ณผ CO2๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ž ์žฌ์ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์•„์ง ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์ด๋ผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ ์šฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2014๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€(๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ฐฝ์กฐ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(No. NRF-2014R1A2A1 A11051065).

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