Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ๊ฐ•๋ฆ‰์›์ฃผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Gangneung-Wonju National University)
  2. ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ ํ’ˆ์งˆํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ฒ˜ ์ฒ˜์žฅ (Korea Expressway Corporation)
  3. ๊ตญ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ ํ’ˆ์งˆํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ฒ˜ ๋ถ€์žฅ (Korea Expressway Corporation)
  4. ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋„๋กœ๊ตํ†ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ „๋žตํŒ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (Korea Expressway Corporation)


์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ, ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ง€์ˆ˜, ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜, ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ, ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜
Concrete pavement, Pavement thickness, Compressive strength, IRI, Spacing factor, Quality Performance Index (QPI)

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ๊ตญ๋‚ด๏ฝฅ์™ธ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ธ์ž ๊ฒ€ํ† 

  • 3. ํ’ˆ์งˆํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

  •   3.1 ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜

  •   3.2 ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„

  •   3.3 ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ(IRI)

  •   3.4 ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜

  • 4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๊ฒฝ๋ถ€๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ฐœํ†ต ์ดํ›„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ์˜ ํ™•์ถฉ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๋™๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ €ํ•˜์™€ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ํ•˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต๊ณผ์ •์ƒ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ•˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„๋กœํฌ์žฅ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ณด์ฆ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 1990๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ์ €๊ฐ€๋‚™์ฐฐ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์šด์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ณด์ฆ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์‹œํ–‰์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜์ž ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ฒ˜์™€ ์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ’ˆ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตญํ† ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์ค€ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ •์ œ๋„, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ณด์ฆ์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ ์ง„ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๋ณด์ฆ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ณด์ฆ์ œ๋„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ฒ•๊ทœ ๊ฐœ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Kwon et al., 2011). ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ๊ฒ€์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ˆ˜์ธ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ง€์ˆ˜(QPI : Quality Performance Index)๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lee et al., 2011).

์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€ ์•ฝ 40๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„๋กœ, ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ฆ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋„๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ›„ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ณด์ฆ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋„๋กœ๊ฑด์„ค ๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ’ˆ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ ์™”๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ณด์ฆ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ž์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ , ์ •์น˜์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(Kim, 2012).

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ FHWA๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ณด์ฆ์ œ๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž ์ •๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™” ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธํฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธํฌ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ •์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ •์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋“ฑ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜, ์žฌ์‹œ๊ณต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ •์ œ๋„์˜ ์šด์˜์€ ์ „์ฒด 51๊ฐœ์ฃผ ์ค‘ 43๊ฐœ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ •์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜, ๋ฐ”์ธ๋” ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต์šฉ์„ฑ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ • ์ธ์ž๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•œ๋„ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ •์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ํŒ๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค(FHWA, 2003).

๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋„๋กœํฌ์žฅ์˜ ํ•˜์ž๋ณด์ฆ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜, ์ž…์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์•ฝ, ๊ณต๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(2๋…„)๊ณผ ํ•˜์ž๋ณด์ฆ๊ธˆ๋ฅ (3%)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ๊ฒ€์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ˆ˜์ธ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ง€์ˆ˜(QPI : Quality Performance Index)๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. QPI์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, ๋‘๊ป˜, ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ 3๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ • ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ํฌ์žฅํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ œ์„ค์ œ ์‚ดํฌ ๋ฐ ๋™๊ฒฐ์œตํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์Šคํด๋ง ํŒŒ์†์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ฆ์ง„์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ธ์ž์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตญ์™ธ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ํŒ๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ง€์ˆ˜์ธ QPI์—์„œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ž ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜, ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ, ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๊ตญ๋‚ด๏ฝฅ์™ธ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ธ์ž ๊ฒ€ํ† 

๊ตญ์™ธ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๋ณด์ฆ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ ๋‘๊ป˜, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„, ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ด‰๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ 25๊ฐœ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ • ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํฌ์žฅ ๋‘๊ป˜, ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ(IRI or PI), ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„, ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰, ๋ฌผ/์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋น„, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(Seo, 2009). Fig 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ •(Pay Factor) ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋น„์œจ(%)์€ ํฌ์žฅ ๋‘๊ป˜ 100%, ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ 56%, ๊ฐ•๋„ 52%(์••์ถ•+ํœจ ๊ฐ•๋„), ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰ 12%, ๋ฌผ-์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋น„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 4%์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ • ์ธ์ž๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•œ๋„ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ •์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ํŒ๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 1

Proportion of Each Parameter for Pay Factor in 25 States of US

Figure_KSCE_37_01_14_F1.jpg
Table 1. Analytical cases for various types of dome Table_KSCE_37_01_14_T1.jpg

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ 9๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋‘๊ป˜ ์†์‹ค๋Ÿ‰ 5.1 mm ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— 100% ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ๋น„์œจ๋ณ„ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์†์‹ค๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ • ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์ผ์ • ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์‚ญ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ 10%์ด์ƒ ์†์‹ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์žฌ์‹œ๊ณต์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ •ํ•ด ๋†“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ 1.11 m/km, ์ธ๋””์• ๋‚˜ 0.65 m/km, ๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜ 0.94 m/km์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์••์ถ• ๋˜๋Š” ํœจ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋„ค๋ธŒ๋ผ์Šค์นด ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋Š” 27.6 MPa ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํœจ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋””์• ๋‚˜, ์•„์ด์˜ค์™€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 3.93 MPa ์ด์ƒ, 4.30 MPa ์ดํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ-์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋น„, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ฏธ๋„ค์†Œํƒ€, ๋„ค๋ธŒ๋ผ์Šค์นด 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ • ์ธ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ ์—ฌ๊ฑด๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ทœ์ • ์ธ์ž์ธ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ธ๋””์• ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ PWL๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€๊ธ‰ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์‚ญ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Indiana DOT, 2006; Wisconsin DOT, 2006; Nebraska DOT, 2007; Illinois DOT, 2002; Louisiana DOT, 2006; Iowa DOT, 2007; Texas DOT, 2004; Minnesota DOT, 2005; Washington DOT, 2006).

๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ง€์ˆ˜(QPI : Quality Performance Index)๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ๊ฒ€์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. QPI์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ† ๊ณต, ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๊ณต, ๊ต๋Ÿ‰๊ณต, ํฌ์žฅ๊ณต, ํ„ฐ๋„๊ณต, ๋ถ€๋Œ€๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต์ •์„ ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 100์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด QPI์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” 32์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜, ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ 9, 9, 7, 7์ ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„ 4.5 MPa๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„๋น„(1/6~1/8) ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 100% ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ธ 27 MPa์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํ•œ๊ธฐ์ค€ 36 MPa์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์–ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด 4๊ฐœ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ACI์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ 0.2 mm์ดํ•˜๋ฅผ 100% ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 0.15 mm์ดํ•˜, 0.25 mm์ดํ•˜๊ณผ 0.25 mm์ด์ƒ์˜ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim et al., 2008). ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‘๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ -1%์ด๋‚ด๋ฅผ 100% ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ -3%์ด๋‚ด, -5%์ด๋‚ด, -5%์ด์ƒ์˜ 4๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์€ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ ์ง€์ˆ˜์ธ IRI๊ฐ’์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 1.6 m/km๋ฅผ 100%๊ธฐ์ค€ํ•˜์—ฌ 0.4 m/km, 1.0 m/km, 1.6 m/km์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. QPI์—์„œ์˜ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ -1%์ด๋‚ด๋ฅผ 100%๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์†์‹ค๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋“ฑ ์ง€๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์‹œ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, QPI์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 100% ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด 1.6 km/m๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 105%์€ 1.0 m/km, 110%๋Š” 0.4 m/km๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ์ ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์•ฝ 0.6~1.1 m/km ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 27.6 MPa๋กœ QPI์˜ 100% ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3. ํ’ˆ์งˆํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”์ธ์ž, ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋™๊ฒฝ์œตํ•ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ์ž, ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ(IRI)๋Š” ๊ณต์šฉ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ QPI์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตญ์™ธ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ํŒ๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์˜ˆ์ธก ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ธก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.1 ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ์žฅ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ KPRP (Korea Pavement Research Program)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. KPRP์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ IRI (m/km)๊ณผ ๊ท ์—ด์œจ(%)์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ IRI ๋˜๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด์œจ์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์ƒ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด, ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. KPRP์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์ „์ง€์—ญ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ผ์ผ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 60,000์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ QPI์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 31, 30, 29, 28, 27 cm๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

KPRP์—์„œ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ๊ท ์—ด์œจ์ด 20%์ด์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ํฌ์žฅ์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์ด 30๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ๊ท ์—ด์œจ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ท ์—ด์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ท ์—ด์œจ์ด 20%์ด์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 27 cm์ผ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์•ฝ 28 cm ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ์ด 30๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋„ ํฌ์žฅํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

Fig. 2

Comparison between Pavement Thickness and Percent Slabs Cracked

Figure_KSCE_37_01_14_F2.jpg

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์ด ์„ค๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ช… 30๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ IRI์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ ์ง€์ˆ˜(IRI)์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ IRI ๊ฐ’์ด 1.2 m/km๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก IRI ๊ฐ’์ด 4.0 m/km์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋‹คํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก IRI๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์—์„œ IRI์ด 4.0 m/km์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ค๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ช… 30๋…„ ์ด์ „์— ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋‹คํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3

Comparison between Pavement Thickness and IRI

Figure_KSCE_37_01_14_F3.jpg

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท ์—ด์œจ๊ณผ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜ 27 cm์—์„œ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช… 22๋…„, 30 cm์—์„œ 29๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 1 cm๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ์•ฝ 2๋…„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” QPI์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4

Comparison between Pavement Thickness and IRI

Figure_KSCE_37_01_14_F4.jpg

3.2 ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„

QPI์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธํฌ์žฅ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ MEPDG (Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘๋ถ€์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. MEPDG์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ช… ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” IRI (m/km)์™€ ๋‹จ์ฐจ(Faulting) ๋ฐ ๊ท ์—ด์œจ(%)๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ QPI์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 36, 31, 27, 24 MPa ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

MEPDG์—์„œ๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด์œจ์ด 20%์ด์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ํฌ์žฅ์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. Fig. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ท ์—ด์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ท ์—ด์œจ์ด 20%์ด์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 34 MPa์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช… 30๋…„์—์„œ๋„ ํฌ์žฅํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ IRI ๊ฐ’์ด 1.2 m/km๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก IRI ๊ฐ’์ด 4.0 m/km์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋‹คํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์ด 30๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก IRI์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ 24 MPa์—์„œ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช… 10๋…„์ด๋ฉฐ, 36 MPa์—์„œ๋Š” 35๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 1 MPa๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ์•ฝ 2๋…„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. QPI์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” QPI์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5

Comparison between Pavement Compressive Strength and Percent Slabs Cracked

Figure_KSCE_37_01_14_F5.jpg
Fig. 6

Comparison between Pavement Compressive Strength and IRI

Figure_KSCE_37_01_14_F6.jpg
Fig. 7

Comparison between Pavement Compressive Strength and Design Life

Figure_KSCE_37_01_14_F7.jpg
Fig. 8

Variation of IRI According to Vehicle Loads (Prozzi et al., 2004)

Figure_KSCE_37_01_14_F8.jpg

3.3 ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ(IRI)

ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๋„๋กœ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ธ์ž์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค„๋ˆˆ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์—์„œ ํฌ์žฅ ์„ค๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์„ QA์ธ์ž๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. Prozzi ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ Nonlinear model๊ณผ AASHO์˜ Linear model์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต์šฉ์ค‘์ธ ํฌ์žฅ์— ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํฌ๋ฉด์˜ ํŒŒ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ IRI๊ฐ’์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ IRI๊ฐ’์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฏ€๋กœ QPI ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์จ ์ ์ •ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค(Prozzi et al., 2004). ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰(IBRD) ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ ์ง€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฌ์žฅ๋„๋กœ์™€ ๋น„ํฌ์žฅ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘๋˜๋Š” IRI ์ •๋„๋ฅผ Fig. 9์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Sayers et al., 1986).

Fig. 9

The IRI Interpretation Scale (Sayers et al., 1986)

Figure_KSCE_37_01_14_F9.jpg

๊ตญ๋‚ด ์™ธ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ธ์ž์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2002 AASHTO์—์„œ๋Š” JCP ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋กœ ๊ท ์—ด, ํ‰๊ท ์ค„๋ˆˆ๋‹จ์ฐจ, ์Šคํด๋ง, ๋ˆ„์ ์ค„๋ˆˆ๋‹จ์ฐจ, ์ง€์—ญ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, ๋™๊ฒฐ์ง€์ˆ˜, ์žฌ๋ น, ๋…ธ์ƒ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(AASHTO, 2002).

PICC4FC.gif

PICC53C.gif (1)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, PICC58B.gif : ์ดˆ๊ธฐ IRI, m/km, %CRACKED : ๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ”ผ๋กœ๊ท ์—ด์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๋ธŒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ, FAULT : ์ค„๋ˆˆ๋‹น ํ‰๊ท  ์ค„๋ˆˆ ๋‹จ์ฐจ, in, %SPALL : medium๊ณผ high severities์˜ ์Šคํด๋ง์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ค„๋ˆˆ์˜ ๋น„์œจ, TFAULT : km๋‹น ์ด ๋ˆ„์  ์ค„๋ˆˆ ๋‹จ์ฐจ, mm, SITE : ์ง€์—ญ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. Eq. (1)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŒŒ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. KPRP ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ชจ๋ธ(๊ฐ•๋ฆ‰์›์ฃผ๋Œ€)์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ, ์Šคํด๋ง๋น„์œจ, ๊ท ์—ด์œจ, ๊ธฐ์ธต์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PICC618.gif

PICC668.gif (2)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, PICC6B7.gif (์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ) = 1.41 m/km, Spalling (%) = ์Šคํด๋ง์œจ, Cracking (%) = ๊ท ์—ด์œจ, Base = ๊ธฐ์ธต์ข…๋ฅ˜(๋ฆฐ๊ธฐ์ธต : 0, ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต : 1)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋„ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์™ธ 2002 AASHTO์™€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด KPRP JCP ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ์ธ์ž์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, QPI์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์€ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 10

Relationship between Durability Factor and Spacing Factor (Backstrom, 1956; Hong, 2013)

Figure_KSCE_37_01_14_F10.jpg

3.4 ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์— QPI ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ž์ธ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํฌ์žฅํ‘œ๋ฉด์€ ์ œ์„ค์ œ ๋ฐ ๋™๊ฒฐ์œตํ•ด ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์Šคํด๋ง ํŒŒ์†์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2013๋…„ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ 0.22 mm๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋™๊ฒฐ์œตํ•ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ 0.2 mm์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋†’์€ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™์Šนํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— Backstrom์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0.2 mm๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ๊ธฐํฌ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ 0.2 mm์ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž„์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Backstrom, 1956; Hong, 2013).

๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ 10๊ฐœ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ QPI ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ์Šคํด๋ง ๋น„์œจ์€ Table 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ์Šคํด๋ง ํŒŒ์†์œจ์„ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ํŒŒ์†์œจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 11๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ํŒŒ์†์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํŒŒ์†์œจ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต์šฉ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŒŒ์†์œจ์ด ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํŒŒ์†์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์Šคํด๋ง ํŒŒ์†์œจ์˜ ์›์ธ์€ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์Šคํด๋ง ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธํฌ์žฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž๋กœ์จ ์ ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 11

Relationship between Spalling Rate/Year and Air Spacing

Figure_KSCE_37_01_14_F11.jpg

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” QPI์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์— ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž์ธ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜, ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ, ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์˜ˆ์ธก ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์‹ค์ธก์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1)ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์˜ˆ์ธก ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ฐ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํฌ์žฅ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” QPI์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

(2)ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์˜ˆ์ธก ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์—์„œ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ณต์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด๏ฝฅ์™ธ์˜ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์Šคํด๋ง ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œจ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์Šคํด๋ง ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด๏ฝฅ์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์Šคํด๋ง์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋˜ํ•œ QPI์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

QPI์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ธ์ž์ธ ํฌ์žฅ ๋‘๊ป˜, ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, ํ‰ํƒ„์„ฑ, ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ช…, ๊ณต์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž์ด๋ฉฐ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

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