Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ (Pusan National University)
  2. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Pusan National University)


์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ, ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต, ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์ดํ•ญ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•, ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•
Reverse mortgage, Elderly, Satisfaction, Binary logit model, Ordered logit model

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  •   1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

  •   1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  • 2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ

  • 3. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  •   3.1 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

  •   3.2 ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  • 4. ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„

  •   4.1 ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„

  •   4.2 ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

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1. ์„œ ๋ก 

1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒ 60์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์ด ๋งค๋‹ฌ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์„ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผํƒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ง ์‹œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒํ™œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์—ญ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€(reverse mortgage) ์ œ๋„์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณต์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 2007๋…„ 7์›” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์˜ ์ฆ์ง„ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ๊ณต์  ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์  ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Ahn et al., 2013). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณต์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ถœ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ์ง€ 10๋…„์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” 2017๋…„ 1์›” ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž ์ˆ˜๋Š” 40,586๋ช…์œผ๋กœ 2015๋…„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ฃผํƒ์ด์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋งŒ 60์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์œ  ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 4,969,773๋ช…์˜ 1%์—๋„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ €์กฐํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ž…๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ž…์ด ์ €์กฐํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์œ  ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ƒ์†ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์‹์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ฃผํƒ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž์žฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์ธ์‹, ํ™๋ณด์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ฃผ์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lee and Jeong, 2010; Kim and Suh, 2011; Ahn et al., 2013). ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜๋ น์•ก ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ๋„ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…๋ฅ ์€ ๋งค๋…„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” 2017๋…„์— ๋งŒ 65์„ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋น„์œจ์ด 14%๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ณ ๋ น์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ €์ƒ๊ณ„๋น„์—๋„ ๋ชป ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์›” ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Choi et al., 2016). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์ ๊ทน ์žฅ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ œ๋„์ž„์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ์ˆ ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ €์กฐํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์ด ์ค‘๋„ ํ•ด์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜๋ น์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‹ค.

์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…๋ฅ ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์จ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž ์žฌ์  ์‹ค์ˆ˜์š”์ž์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๋งŒ 60์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์€ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์ž…๋ฅ ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ โ€˜2016๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์š”์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌโ€™ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. โ€˜์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์š”์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌโ€™๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์™€ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ๋น„์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘๋‹ต์ž์ธ ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ํ›„์ˆ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•(logistic regression model) ์ค‘ ์ดํ•ญ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•(binary logit model)๊ณผ ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•(ordered logit model)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ

์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์—ญ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์ œ๋„๋กœ 1961๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—๋Š” 1995๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…๋œ ์ œ๋„๋‹ค(Kwon and Jang, 2012). ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ์ง€ 70๋…„์ด ๋„˜์€ ์ œ๋„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์—ญ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ์™ธ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ญ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์—ญ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ถœ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ, ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผํƒ์„ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์€ ์ƒํ™œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋“์„ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์ž ๋ฐ ์›๊ธˆ์˜ ์ƒํ™˜์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์ด์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์†Œ์œ  ์ฃผํƒ์— ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฃผํƒ ์ด์™ธ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Mayer and Simons, 1994; Munnell and Sass, 2014). ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ, ์—ญ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ฃผํƒํ–‰์ •๋ถ€(Federal Housing Administration; FHA)์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด์˜ 90% ์ด์ƒ์ด๋‹ค(Hui, 2009). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ญ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฃผํƒ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐ€์น˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์žฅ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ—˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค(Nakajima, 2012).

๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ ๋‚ด์ง€๋Š” ์ด์šฉ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Kim (2010), Kim and Ma (2011), Lee et al. (2015), Kim and Woo (2015), Seo (2016) ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ , Kim and Ma (2011) ๋ฐ Lee et al. (2015)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ โ€˜์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์š”์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌโ€™ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•(Kim, 2010; Kim and Woo, 2015; Seo, 2016)๊ณผ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•(Kim and Ma, 2011; Lee et al., 2013)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต์  ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ Seo (2015)๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ดํ•ญ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์•ฝ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณต์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ โ€˜์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์š”์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌโ€™๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  โ€˜์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์š”์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌโ€™๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๊ฒฉ๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ 2008๋…„, 2010๋…„, 2012๋…„์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์•„์‰ฌ์›€์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณต์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ โ€˜2016๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์š”์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌโ€™๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ดํ•ญ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

3. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

3.1 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” 2๊ฐœ๋กœ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜(Using reverse mortgage)๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜์˜ˆ/์•„๋‹ˆ์˜คโ€™์˜ ์ดํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜(Satisfaction of reverse mortgage)๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ƒํ’ˆ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ 5์  ์ฒ™๋„์˜ ์—ฐ์†ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 1. Summary of Dependent and Independent Variables Table_KSCE_37_02_17_T1.jpg

๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด 11๊ฐœ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น(Age), ์„ฑ๋ณ„(Gender), ํ˜ผ์ธ์ƒํƒœ(Martial status), ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ(Region), ์›” ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜์ž…(Income), ๋ณด์œ  ์ž์‚ฐ(Assets), ์ž๋…€์ˆ˜(Children), ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜(Household member), ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด(Economic dependent family), ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋…€์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด(Children with financial help), ํ•™๋ ฅ(Education level)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 5์„ธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ 60์„ธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ 80์„ธ ์ด์ƒ๊นŒ์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ˜ผ์ธ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์ดํ˜ผ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ž๋…€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์› ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์ž ๋ณธ์ธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•™๋ ฅ์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€์กธ ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์กธ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ โ€˜2016๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์š”์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌโ€™์˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2 ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ดํ•ญ(binary)๊ณผ ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•(ordinal) ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ๋‘ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฒ”์ฃผํ˜• ์ž๋ฃŒ(categorical data)์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€์˜ ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ์ž์Šน๋ฒ•(ordinary least square method; OLS)์— ์˜ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์šฐ๋„ ์ถ”์ •๋ฒ•(maximum likelihood estimation method; MLE)์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜• ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ดํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ดํ•ญ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค(Agresti, 1996; Freedman, 2009; Lee and Noh, 2012).

์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ดํ•ญ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ Eq. (1)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PICEA50.gif (1)

Eq. (1)์€ ์ดํ•ญ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ฑด PICEA60.gif๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ Eq. (2)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PICEA71.gif (2)

์ดํ•ญ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„(odds ratio)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๋‘ ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ๋„๋œ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ Eq. (3)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

PICEB2E.gif (3)

Eq. (3)์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋„๋œ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋น„์œจ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ํ™•๋ฅ ์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋œ๋‹ค(Allison, 2001; Patetta, 2001; Choi et al., 2016).

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์€ PICEB3E.gif๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ˆ„์ ํ™•๋ฅ (cumulative probability)์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Liu and Agresti, 2005). ์ƒ์ˆ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•๋„ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋น„๋ก€์˜ค์ฆˆ๋ชจํ˜•(proportional odds model)์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค(MaCullagh, 1980). ๋น„๋ก€์˜ค์ฆˆ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ PICEB4F.gif์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ PICEB5F.gif์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„๋ก€์˜ค์ฆˆ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ Eq. (4)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

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Eq. (4)๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ ๋กœ์ง“(cumulative logit)๊ณผ ๋ˆ„์ ํ™•๋ฅ  PICEB90.gif์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ ๋กœ์ง“์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ Eq. (5)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

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Eq. (5)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„๋Š” ์ดํ•ญ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค(Armstrong and Sloan, 1989; Borooah, 2002; Greene, 2012; Choi et al., 2014; Choi and Kim, 2014).

4. ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„

4.1 ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์— ์•ž์„œ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ „์ฒด ์‘๋‹ต์ž 2,745๋ช… ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 21%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 580๋ช…์ด ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 79%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 2,165๋ช…์ด ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์—ฐ๋ น์€ ๋งŒ 74์„ธ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์•ฝ 71.1%๋กœ 2/3 ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋งŒ 80์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์€ ๋‚จ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ „์ฒด ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ์•ฝ 74%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 2,029๋ช…์ด ํ˜ผ์ธ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ์•ฝ 10% ์ •๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์•ฝ 90%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 2,458๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์–ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถ€์–‘๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๋…€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์•ฝ 76%๋กœ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™๋ ฅ์€ ์ „์ฒด ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ 88%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 2,407๋ช…์ด ๊ณ ์กธ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์›” ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜์ž…์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์€ ์•ฝ 201๋งŒ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ํ‰๊ท  ๋ณด์œ  ์ž์‚ฐ์€ ์•ฝ 3์–ต 5,965๋งŒ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ž๋…€๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 2~3๋ช… ์ •๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ์•ฝ 2~3๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 2. Descriptive Statistics of Determinants Analysis of Using Reverse Mortgage (N = 2,745) Table_KSCE_37_02_17_T2.jpg

์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ดํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ดํ•ญ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ Table 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜• ์ถ”์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น(Age), ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ(Region), ๋ณด์œ  ์ž์‚ฐ(Assets), ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์› ์ˆ˜(Household member), ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋…€์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด(Children with financial help), ํ•™๋ ฅ(Education level)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” 99% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ๋ณด์œ  ์ž์‚ฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์› ์ˆ˜, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋…€์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 95.1% ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์ด ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 4.9๋ฐฐ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€์กธ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 4.7๋ฐฐ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ณด์œ  ์ž์‚ฐ์ด 1๋ฐฑ์› ๊ฐ์†Œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 0.2% ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์› ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 56% ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 92.3% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 3. Results of Determinants of Using Reverse Mortgage Table_KSCE_37_02_17_T3.jpg

***:p<0.01, **:p<0.05, *:p<0.10

4.2 ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ๋งŒ์กฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 2,745๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด์šฉ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 580๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์— ์•ž์„œ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ Table 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ „์ฒด 580๋ช…์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์ž ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 56%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 323๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์ด ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์•ฝ 27%๋กœ 154๋ช…์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 3.69์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋งŒ 70์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์•ฝ 80.9%๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋งŒ 60์„ธ์—์„œ 64์„ธ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 6% ์ •๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ํ˜ผ์ธ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 1.8๋ฐฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ์ž๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 2๋ฐฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋น„์ด์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์•ฝ 93%๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 80%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์—ญ์‹œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๋ ฅ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ณ ์กธ ์ดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€์กธ ์ด์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 3๋ฐฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์›” ํ‰๊ท  ์†Œ๋“์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์€ ์•ฝ 168๋งŒ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋ณด์œ  ์ž์‚ฐ์€ ์•ฝ 2์–ต 9,421๋งŒ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ๋น„์ด์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋…€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 2~3๋ช…, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 1~2๋ช…์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 4. Descriptive Statistics of Determinants Analysis of Satisfaction of Reverse Mortgage (N = 580) Table_KSCE_37_02_17_T4.jpg

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” 5์  ์ฒ™๋„์˜ ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆœ์„œํ˜•๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ Table 5์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜• ์ถ”์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น(Age), ์„ฑ๋ณ„(Gender), ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ(Region)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ 99%, 90%, 95% ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋งŒ ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 33% ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 55.4% ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 38.9% ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 5. Results of Determinants of Satisfaction of Reverse Mortgage Table_KSCE_37_02_17_T5.jpg

***:p<0.01, **:p<0.05, *:p<0.10

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒ 60์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด ๋…ธํ›„ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์ž…๋œ ์—ญ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์ œ๋„์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์—๋งŒ ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์€ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์œ  ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ œ๋„์ž„์—๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆผ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณต์‚ฌ์—์„œ 2007๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์ถœ์‹œํ•œ ์ดํ›„, ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต๋“ค์ด ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ์—ฐ๋ น, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ, ๋ณด์œ  ์ž์‚ฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์› ์ˆ˜, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋…€์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด, ํ•™๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์—ฐ๋ น, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ, ํ•™๋ ฅ์€ ์ •(+)์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ, ๋ณด์œ  ์ž์‚ฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์› ์ˆ˜, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž๋…€์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ น์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ’€์ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ  ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์œ  ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด์šฉํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜๋ น์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์› ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์œผ๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ์ตœ์†Œ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด์šฉํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ’€์ด๋œ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ์—ฐ๋ น, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ •(+)์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์€ ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์ˆ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ น์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜๋ น์•ก์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ’€์ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ™œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ƒํ™œ๋น„์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…๋ฅ ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ™๋ณด์— ๋”์šฑ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด์šฉ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ํ™๋ณด ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณต์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํŠนํžˆ, ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏผ์› ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€์‚ฌ์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋œ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘๋…„์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณต์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2016๋…„์˜ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์š”์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹นํ•ด ์—ฐ๋„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋งŒ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์€ 2007๋…„์— ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์š”์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” 2008๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2012๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋…„์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ถ”ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ด๋“ค ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์  ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณต์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์€ โ€˜2016๋…„ ์ฃผํƒ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์š”์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌโ€™๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ.

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Seo, Y. K. (2016). โ€œDeterminants for usersโ€™ reverse mortgage for the real estate market: focus on preliminary retiree.โ€ Korea Real Estate Academy Review, Korea Real Estate Academy, Vol. 66, pp. 231-245 (in Korean).Seo, Y. K. (2016). โ€œDeterminants for usersโ€™ reverse mortgage for the real estate market: focus on preliminary retiree.โ€ Korea Real Estate Academy Review, Korea Real Estate Academy, Vol. 66, pp. 231-245 (in Korean).Google Search