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  1. μ€‘μ•™λŒ€ν•™κ΅ ν† λͺ©κ³΅ν•™κ³Ό 석사과정 (Chung-Ang University)
  2. μ€‘μ•™λŒ€ν•™κ΅ ν† λͺ©κ³΅ν•™κ³Ό 박사과정 (Chung-Ang University)
  3. μ€‘μ•™λŒ€ν•™κ΅ μ‚¬νšŒκΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€ ꡐ수 (Chung-Ang University)


CCTV 쑰사, 쀑점관리 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ, 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„, μœ„ν—˜λ„ 기반 쑰사, ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ μƒνƒœν‰κ°€
CCTV inspection, Critical sewer, Prioritization, Risk-based inspection, Sewer condition assessment

  • 1. μ„œ λ‘ 

  • 2. μœ„ν—˜λ„ μ‚°μ • κΈ°μ€€ μ„€μ •

  •   2.1 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό(CoF) μ‚°μ • 방법

  •   2.1.1 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 영ν–₯인자 ν•­λͺ© κ²°μ •

  •   2.1.2 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 영ν–₯인자 κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ 및 μ‚°μ •κΈ°μ€€ κ²°μ •

  •   2.2 νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„±(PoF) μ‚°μ • 방법

  •   2.2.1 νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 계산식 κ²°μ •

  •   2.2.2 λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜ κ²°μ •

  •   2.3 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 및 νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„± λ“±κΈ‰ κ²°μ • 방법

  • 3. 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ μ‚°μ • κ²°κ³Ό

  •   3.1 κ²€ν†  λŒ€μƒμ§€μ—­ μ„ μ •

  •   3.2 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 및 νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„± μ‚°μ • κ²°κ³Ό

  •   3.3 μœ„ν—˜λ„ λ“±κΈ‰ μ‚°μ • κ²°κ³Ό

  • 4. κ²° λ‘ 

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1. μ„œ λ‘ 

κ³Όκ±° λ„μ‹œ 개발과 ν•¨κ»˜ λ³΄κΈ‰λœ μ‚¬νšŒκΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€λ¬Όλ“€μ€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜κ°€ μ˜€λž˜λ˜μ–΄ μ‹œμ„€λ¬Ό 노후에 λŒ€λΉ„ν•œ μœ μ§€κ΄€λ¦¬ λ°©μ•ˆμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. 특히 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œλŠ” μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜ 20년이 μ§€λ‚œ λ…Έν›„κ΄€λ‘œκ°€ 전체 κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ 절반 이상을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  있으며, 졜근 λ…Έν›„ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ— κΈ°μΈν•œ μ§€λ°˜μΉ¨ν•˜κ°€ 빈번히 λ°œμƒν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄ μ‚¬νšŒβ€€κ²½μ œμ μΈ 피해에 λŒ€ν•œ μš°λ €κ°€ μ‹¬ν™”λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(MOE, 2015a). κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μž¬μ •μ‚¬μ—…μ„ 톡해 λ…Έν›„ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ 전체λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ³  κ°œλ³΄μˆ˜ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” μ‹œβ€€κ΅° μž¬μ • λΆ€μ‘±μœΌλ‘œ μž¬μ›μ˜ 확보가 μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€(MOE, 2015c). λ”°λΌμ„œ 관리가 ν•„μš”ν•œ μ£Όμš” ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œλ§Œμ„ 관리 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ„ μ •ν•˜κ³  λ…Έν›„ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ 정밀쑰사지원 μ˜ˆμ‚°μ„ λ°°μ •ν•˜μ—¬ 자본의 투자 νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ„ λ†’μ—¬μ•Ό ν•  것이닀.

λ…Έν›„ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ 체계적인 μœ μ§€κ΄€λ¦¬μ™€ νˆ¬μžκ³„νšμ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ „λž΅μ  μžμ‚°κ΄€λ¦¬(SAM, Strategic Asset Management)λ₯Ό λ‹¨κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬ μ΅œμ†Œμ˜ λΉ„μš©μœΌλ‘œ μ΅œλŒ€μ˜ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ μˆ˜μ€€μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€(WERF, 2007). κΈ°μ‘΄ 데이터λ₯Ό μ •λ¦¬ν•˜κ³  κ²€ν† ν•˜λŠ” μžμ‚°κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ 초기 단계뢀터 μœ„ν—˜λ„μ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 선정기쀀을 μ •λ¦½ν•˜μ—¬ μš΄μ˜μœ μ§€κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„ κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€(US-EPA, 2009; US-EPA, 2015). μœ„ν—˜λ„λŠ” ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ μ •λ³΄μ™€μ˜ 유기적으둜 μ—°κ³„λ˜λ©°, CCTV μ‘°μ‚¬μ˜ μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μƒνƒœν‰κ°€ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 보수 κ³„νšμ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜λŠ”λ° ν™œμš©λœλ‹€(Syachrani et al., 2011).

μ΄λ•Œ, μœ„ν—˜λ„ 기반의 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό(CoF, Consequence of Failure)와 νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„±(PoF, Probability of Failure) 두 가지 μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μœ„ν—˜λ„ 맀트릭슀λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³  μœ„ν—˜λ„ λ“±κΈ‰μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•œλ‹€(US-EPA, 2015). 일반적으둜 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ‚°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νŒŒμ†μ— 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ , 경제적, μ‚¬νšŒμ  영ν–₯μΈμžλ“€μ„ μ„ λ³„ν•˜κ³  그에 λ”°λ₯Έ 영ν–₯μΈμžλ“€μ˜ κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜μ™€ 점수λ₯Ό ν• λ‹Ήν•˜μ—¬ ν•©μ‚°ν•˜λŠ” 방법인 κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ ν™˜μ‚°λ²•(WSM, Weighted Sum Method)을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€(Salman and Salem, 2012). 일뢀 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ „λ¬Έκ°€ 의견과 λ² μ΄μ§€μ•ˆ 기반의 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ νŒŒμ† 영ν–₯을 λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜κ³  ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(Hahn et al., 2002). λ˜ν•œ, νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ‚°μ •λŠ” 방법은 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜ λŒ€λΉ„ μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜μ˜ λΉ„λ‘œ κ³„μ‚°ν•˜λŠ” κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 방법뢀터, 데이터 λ§ˆμ΄λ‹ 기법인 랜덀 포레슀트(random forests)와 ν™˜κ²½μΈμžλ“€μ„ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ λˆ„λ½λœ μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜ 자료λ₯Ό λ³΄μ™„ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•κΉŒμ§€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€(Toy, 2014; Harvey and McBean, 2014). 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 보수 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ§€μ›μ„ μœ„ν•΄ CCTV 쑰사λ₯Ό 톡해 νŒŒμ•…ν•œ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ μƒνƒœλ“±κΈ‰μ„ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 노후도 λͺ¨λΈ(결정적, 톡계적, 인곡지λŠ₯ λͺ¨λΈ λ“±)에 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ‚°μ •ν•˜λŠ” 방법도 μ œμ•ˆλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€(Kley and Caradot, 2013).

이처럼 ν•΄μ™Έμ—μ„œλŠ” ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μ„ μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ™€ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ‚°μ •ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 연ꡬ사둀가 μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ΅­λ‚΄μ—λŠ” κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ사둀가 아직 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  ν•˜μˆ˜ λ²”λžŒμ— μ˜ν•œ μΉ¨μˆ˜ν”Όν•΄λ‚˜ μˆ˜μ§ˆμ˜€μ—Όμ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλŠ” 지역을 ν•˜μˆ˜λ„μ •λΉ„μ€‘μ κ΄€λ¦¬λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ„ μ •ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ 뿐, λ…Έν›„ κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ νŒŒμ† μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ„ μ •λŸ‰ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 기쀀이 μ •λ¦½λ˜μ–΄μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€(MOE, 2013).

λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” λ…Έν›„ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ μ„ ν–‰ 연ꡬ 사둀λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ κ΅­λ‚΄ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ— μ ν•©ν•œ μœ„ν—˜λ„ 기반의 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ κ²°μ • 방법을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ„œμšΈμ‹œ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ GIS 데이터λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ˜ 영ν–₯인자λ₯Ό μ„ λ³„ν•˜κ³  κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ 및 ꡬ뢄항λͺ©κ³Ό μ μˆ˜μ‚°μ •μ‹μ„ λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성을 κ²°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ, κ΄€λ‘œ λ…Έν›„ν™”κ°€ μ‹¬κ°ν•˜μ—¬ 관리가 μ‹œκΈ‰ν•œ λ°°μˆ˜λΆ„κ΅¬λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ œμ•ˆλœ 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 방법을 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ²€ν† ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

2. μœ„ν—˜λ„ μ‚°μ • κΈ°μ€€ μ„€μ •

2.1 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό(CoF) μ‚°μ • 방법

μš°μ„ , μœ„ν—˜λ„ 기반의 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” νŒŒμ†μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ‚¬νšŒβ€€κ²½μ œβ€€ν™˜κ²½μ μœΌλ‘œ 미치게 λ˜λŠ” νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ •λŸ‰μ μœΌλ‘œ λ„μΆœν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ νŒŒμ†μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ λ³΄κ±΄ν™˜κ²½, κ΅ν†΅ν†΅μ œ, μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 등에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°„μ ‘νŽΈμ΅ 산정이 λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•˜κ³  ꡐ체 및 수리λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν‘œμ€€ν™”λœ μ‹œκ³΅λΉ„λ₯Ό μ‚°μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ–΄λ ΅κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ •ν™•ν•œ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 값을 λ„μΆœν•˜λŠ” 것은 쉽지 μ•Šλ‹€(Kleiner et al., 2004; Salman and Salem, 2012; Syachrani et al., 2013). λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ λ¬Έν—Œκ²€ν† λ₯Ό 기반으둜 μ„œμšΈμ‹œ GIS DB에 μ ν•©ν•œ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό μ‚°μ • 영ν–₯인자 ν•­λͺ©μ„ λ„μΆœν•˜κ³  μ „λ¬Έκ°€ μ˜κ²¬μ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜μ—¬ κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ 및 산정기쀀을 κ²°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

2.1.1 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 영ν–₯인자 ν•­λͺ© κ²°μ •

λ„μ‹œκ°œλ°œμ˜ 집쀑도와 인ꡬ밀도가 맀우 높은 λŒ€λ„μ‹¬μ—μ„œ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯상싀 및 νŒŒμ†μ΄ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 경우 μ‚¬νšŒβ€€κ²½μ œμ μœΌλ‘œ λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μ•ΌκΈ°ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, ν†΅ν–‰λŸ‰μ΄ λ§Žμ€ λ„λ‘œμ—μ„œ κ΅΄μ°©μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 경우 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ ꡐ톡 ν˜Όμž‘μ„ μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ©°, λ„λ‘œκ°€ κ°‘μž‘μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λΆ•κ΄΄ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 인λͺ… ν”Όν•΄κΉŒμ§€ λ°œμƒν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλ‹€(WRc, 2001).

이처럼, νŒŒμ†μ— μ˜ν•œ ν”Όν•΄ 규λͺ¨λ₯Ό 결정지을 수 μžˆλŠ” 영ν–₯μΈμžλ“€μ„ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 연ꡬ사둀λ₯Ό 톡해 κ²€ν† ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 영ꡭ WRc (Water Research centre)의 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ 개보수 맀뉴얼은 κ΄€λ‘œλ₯Ό λ³΄μˆ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λͺ©ν‘œμ„€μ •, μƒνƒœν‰κ°€, μœ„ν—˜λ„ ν‰κ°€μ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ 방법을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ μƒνƒœν‰κ°€μ˜ 기초적인 틀을 λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 영ν–₯μΈμžμ— 따라 순차적으둜 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„κ°€ 높은 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œλ₯Ό κ°ˆμŒν•΄ λ‚˜κ°€λ©°, λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ ν•΄λ‹Ή 방법을 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(Halfawy, 2008; Ward and SaviΔ‡, 2012). Lukas와 Merrill (2006)λŠ” 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„κ²°μ • ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μΈ SCRAPS (Sewer Cataloging Retrieval And Prioritization System)λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ—μ„œλŠ” μ „λ¬Έκ°€μ˜ μ§€μ‹κΈ°λ°˜ 데이터λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•œ ν›„, νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ™€ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ‚°μ •ν•˜κ³  ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. McDonald와 Zhao (2001)λŠ” 6κ°€μ§€μ˜ 영ν–₯ μš”μ†Œλ‘œ μœ„μΉ˜, ν† μ§ˆ, 맀섀심도, κ΄€κ²½, κ΄€ νŠΉμ„±, μ§€μ§„μ˜ 영ν–₯μš”μΈμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€κ³ , κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜μ— μ˜ν•œ 배점 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 총점을 κ³„μ‚°ν•˜μ—¬ μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Baah et al. (2015)은 μœ„ν—˜λ„ 맀트릭슀λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ—¬ μœ„ν—˜λ„λ₯Ό μ‚°μ •ν•˜λŠ” 방법과 GIS DBλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹œκ°μ μœΌλ‘œ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 11가지 ν•­λͺ©μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 점수λ₯Ό μ‚°μ •ν•œ λ’€, 각 ν•­λͺ©μ˜ κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ³±ν•œ 총 합계λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ νŒŒμ† κ²°κ³Ό 등급을 λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Salmanκ³Ό Salem (2012)은 GIS DB와 μ „λ¬Έκ°€μ˜ μ˜κ²¬μ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜μ—¬ 경제적, μ‚¬νšŒμ , ν™˜κ²½μ μœΌλ‘œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 16κ°€μ§€μ˜ μš”μΈλ“€μ„ λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ„μΆœλœ μš”μΈμ€ κ΄€λ ¨ μ§€μžμ²΄ 및 κ΄€λ ¨ μ „λ¬Έκ°€μ˜ μ˜κ²¬μ„ 톡해 영ν–₯정도에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

Table 1μ—μ„œλŠ” 각 연ꡬ μ‚¬λ‘€μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 영ν–₯μΈμžλ“€μ„ μ’…ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ ν™œμš© 유무λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 총 9κ°€μ§€μ˜ 영ν–₯μΈμžκ°€ λŒ€ν‘œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  있으며, 이 쀑, κ΄€κ²½, 평균심도, κ΅ν†΅λŸ‰, ν† μ§€μ΄μš©ν˜„ν™©, ν•˜μ²œκ³Όμ˜ κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λ‘€μ—μ„œ ν™œμš©λ˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. ν™œμš©λΉˆλ„κ°€ 높은 영ν–₯μΈμžλŠ” νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ‚°μ •ν•˜λŠ” 데 μžˆμ–΄ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³  κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ λ˜ν•œ μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 크게 μ„€μ •λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λœλ‹€.

ν˜„μž¬ μ„œμšΈμ‹œλŠ” 총 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ 374,055κ°œμ†Œ, 총 μ—°μž₯ 10,557 km에 λŒ€ν•œ GIS DB ꡬ좕을 μ™„λ£Œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 지속적인 μœ μ§€κ΄€λ¦¬ 및 κ°œμ„ μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(Seoul Metropolitan Government, 2015). μ„ λ³„λœ 영ν–₯μΈμžμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ„œμšΈμ‹œ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ ν™•λ³΄λœ λ°μ΄ν„°λŠ” Table 2와 κ°™λ‹€. ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œλ₯Ό μ‹λ³„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 고유번호, ν•΄λ‹Ή μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ²˜λ¦¬κ΅¬μ—­, λ°°μˆ˜κ΅¬μ—­, λ°°μˆ˜λΆ„κ΅¬λ₯Ό λ“±μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ 정보λ₯Ό ν™•λ³΄ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 영ν–₯인자인 λ°°μ œλ°©μ‹κ³Ό κ΄€κ²½, ν‰κ· μ‹¬λ„λŠ” κΈ° κ΅¬μΆ•λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μ„œμšΈμ‹œ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ GIS DBλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν™•λ³΄ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ 외에 간선ꡬ뢄, ν•˜μ²œκ³Όμ˜ 거리, ν† μ§€μ΄μš©ν˜•νƒœ, μ°¨μ„  수, μ§€λ°˜μ‘°κ±΄μ€ GIS ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ ν™œμš©ν•΄ μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚°μ •ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ν† μ§€μ΄μš©ν˜„ν™©μžλ£Œλ‚˜ μˆ˜μΉ˜μ§€ν˜•λ„ 등을 톡해 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ œμ‹œλœ 영ν–₯인자 쀑, κ΅ν†΅λŸ‰κ³Ό ꡐ톡 우회둜 μ‘΄μž¬μ—¬λΆ€λŠ” κ΅ν†΅λŸ‰μ„ κ°„μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ νŒŒμ•…ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 차둜 수둜 λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜μ—¬ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

Table 1. Consequence of Failure Impact Factors in Other Researches Table_KSCE_37_03_08_T1.jpg

1)WRc, 2001; 2)Ward and Savic, 2012; 3)Lukas and Merrill, 2006; 4)McDonald and Zhao, 2001; 5)Baah et al., 2015; 6)Salman and Salem, 2012

Table 2. Consequence of Failure Impact Factors and Other Data on Variety GIS Database of Seoul Table_KSCE_37_03_08_T2.jpg

2.1.2 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 영ν–₯인자 κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ 및 μ‚°μ •κΈ°μ€€ κ²°μ •

μ•žμ—μ„œ κ²€ν† ν•œ λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ‚¬λ‘€μ—μ„œ κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ ν™˜μ‚°λ²•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ ν™˜μ‚°λ²•(WSM, Weighted Sum Method)은, λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 영ν–₯μΈμžλ“€μ΄ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯의 크기에 따라 점수λ₯Ό ν•©μ‚°ν•˜μ—¬ μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€κΈ°μ€€ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •κΈ°λ²•(MCDM, Multi-Criteria Decision Making)의 일쒅이닀(Salman and Salem, 2012). μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ ν™˜μ‚°λ²•μ€ μ‚°μ • 결과에 λŒ€ν•œ 직관적인 이해가 μš©μ΄ν•˜λ©° νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 점수λ₯Ό μ—°μ†λœ 수둜 ν‘œν˜„ν•˜μ—¬ 크기 μˆœμ„œλŒ€λ‘œ νŒŒμ•…ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μž₯점이 μžˆλ‹€.

λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλ„ κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ ν™˜μ‚°λ²•μ„ μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 영ν–₯인자λ₯Ό μ μˆ˜ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ 각 μΈμžμ— λŒ€ν•œ κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜κ³  전체 영ν–₯μΈμžμ— λŒ€ν•œ 가쀑 ν‰κ· μœΌλ‘œ ν”Όν•΄κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ‚°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ ν”Όν•΄κ²°κ³Ό 영ν–₯인자의 κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜, ꡬ뢄기쀀 및 μ μˆ˜λŠ” 기본적으둜 κΈ°μ‘΄ 연ꡬ사둀λ₯Ό κ²€ν† ν•˜μ—¬ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(McDonald and Zhao, 2001; Salman and Salem, 2012; Baah et al., 2015). 이후, λ¬Έν—Œκ²€ν† λ₯Ό 톡해 기초적으둜 κ²°μ •λœ 영ν–₯인자의 κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜μ™€ μ μˆ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 객관성을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 델파이 μ›Œν¬μƒ΅(Delphi workshop)을 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(US-EPA, 2005). 2νšŒμ— 걸친 μ „λ¬Έκ°€ 회의λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ˜ 영ν–₯μš”μΈμ˜ κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜μ™€ 점수λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ • λ³΄μ™„ν•˜μ—¬ μ΅œμ’…μ μΈ 값을 κ²°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Table 3μ—μ„œμ™€ 같이, ν•΄λ‹Ή 영ν–₯μΈμžκ°€ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯정도λ₯Ό νŒλ‹¨ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 0.8κ³Ό 1둜 κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ°°λΆ„ν•˜μ˜€κ³  ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ 고유 νŠΉμ„±λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” κ΄€λ‘œκ°€ λ§€μ„€λœ 지역에 λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯μΈμžλ“€μ˜ κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜λ₯Ό 더 λ†’κ²Œ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 각 영ν–₯인자의 영ν–₯정도λ₯Ό μ„ΈλΆ€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ²”μ£Όλ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜κ³  ν•΄λ‹Ή 범주에 λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯점수λ₯Ό 1점뢀터 μ΅œλŒ€ 5μ κΉŒμ§€ λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

기초적인 κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ ν™˜μ‚°λ²•μœΌλ‘œ λͺ¨λ“  영ν–₯μΈμžλ“€μ˜ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 값을 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜λŠ” 것은 영ν–₯인자 데이터가 λˆ„λ½λœ κ²½μš°λ„ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 영ν–₯인자 데이터가 λˆ„λ½μ΄ λ˜λ”λΌλ„ λ™μΌν•œ μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ ν‘œμ€€μ μˆ˜λ‘œ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ•„λž˜ Eq. (1)κ³Ό 같이, κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ 값을 ν™•λ³΄λœ 영ν–₯인자 κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜μ˜ ν•©μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ ν‘œμ€€ν™”ν•˜κ³  영ν–₯인자 점수λ₯Ό λ²”μ£Όμ˜ μ΅œλŒ€κ°’μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ ν‘œμ€€ν™”ν•œλ‹€. ν‘œμ€€ν™”λœ 두 값을 κ³±ν•œ ν›„ λͺ¨λ“  영ν–₯μΈμžλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ ν•©ν•˜λ©΄ 0μ—μ„œ 1κΉŒμ§€μ˜ λ²”μœ„λ‘œ ν•΄λ‹Ή ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ, PIC623.gif=ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ i, PIC624.gif=ν•΄λ‹Ή κ΄€λ‘œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ ν™•λ³΄λœ 영ν–₯인자의 수, PIC625.gif=영ν–₯인자 j의 κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜, PIC635.gif=ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ i의 영ν–₯인자 j에 λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯인자 μ μˆ˜μ΄λ‹€.

Table 3. Weight, Sub-criteria and Performance Values of CoF Impact Factors Table_KSCE_37_03_08_T3.jpg

2.2 νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„±(PoF) μ‚°μ • 방법

2.2.1 νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 계산식 κ²°μ •

ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 지남에 따라 물리적인 μƒνƒœμ˜ λ…Έν›„κ°€ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— νŒŒμ†μ΄ λ°œμƒν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 점차 μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ•„λž˜ Eq. (2)와 같이 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜ λŒ€λΉ„ 경과된 μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜μ˜ λΉ„μœ¨λ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έλ‹€. μ΄λŠ”, 이상적인 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜κ°€ κ²½κ³Όν• μˆ˜λ‘ κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ λ…Έν›„λ‘œ 인해 νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성이 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ²Œ 되고 κ²°κ΅­ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성이 100%에 이λ₯΄κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€(WERF, 2009).

PIC636.gif (2)

μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ, PIC647.gif=ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ i, PIC648.gif=ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ i의 μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜, PIC649.gif=ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ i의 λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜μ΄λ‹€. ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λŠ” CCTV 쑰사가 과거에 μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ–΄ μƒνƒœλ“±κΈ‰ μžλ£Œκ°€ ν™•λ³΄λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” μƒνƒœλ“±κΈ‰κ³Ό 노후도 λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ μ˜ˆμƒ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성을 ν™•λ₯ μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚°μ •ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€(WERF, 2009). 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 미ꡭ의 PACP (Pipeline Assessment and Certification Program) 맀뉴얼은 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ μƒνƒœλ“±κΈ‰ 5등급에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” κ΄€λ‘œλŠ” 5λ…„ λ‚΄λ‘œ κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ λΆ•κ΄΄κ°€ λ°œμƒν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 있으며 즉각적인 λ³΄μˆ˜κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(NASSCO, 2013). κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ, λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 맀섀년도λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 노후도λ₯Ό νŒλ‹¨ν•˜κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 정밀쑰사 μˆ˜ν–‰ 결과인 μƒνƒœλ“±κΈ‰μ„ κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 물리적인 λ…Έν›„ 정도λ₯Ό νŒμ •ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(MOE, 2011; MOE, 2015a).

ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ CCTV 쑰사 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œλŠ” 과거에 μΈ‘μ •λœ μƒνƒœλ“±κΈ‰ μžλ£Œκ°€ μ—†λŠ” λŒ€μƒμ΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 노후도 λͺ¨λΈμ„ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ‚°μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λŒ€μ•ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ μžλ£Œλ‚˜ λ¬Έν—Œμ„ ν† λŒ€λ‘œ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ μ˜ˆμƒ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜κ³  μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ‚°μ •ν•œλ‹€(US-EPA, 2015).

2.2.2 λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜ κ²°μ •

νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성을 κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜ 데이터λ₯Ό ν™•λ³΄ν•˜κ³  ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•œλ‹€. μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜λŠ” μ„œμšΈμ‹œ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ GIS DB에 ν¬ν•¨λœ 맀섀년도λ₯Ό 톡해 λ§€μ„€μ‹œμ λΆ€ν„° ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 경과된 년도λ₯Ό μ‚°μ •ν•˜μ—¬ κ²°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λŠ” κ΅­λ‚΄μ™Έ νšŒκ³„κΈ°μ€€ 및 μœ μ§€κ΄€λ¦¬ 맀뉴얼, ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ μžμ‚°κ΄€λ¦¬ λ³΄κ³ μ„œ 등을 μ°Έκ³ ν•˜μ—¬ κ²°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

μ•„λž˜ Table 4μ—μ„œ κ΅­λ‚΄μ™Έ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, μ΅œμ†Œ 20λ…„μ—μ„œ μ΅œλŒ€ 125λ…„κΉŒμ§€ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜κ°€ μƒλ‹Ήν•œ 뢄포λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. κ΅­λ‚΄ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œλŠ” κ³΅κ³΅ν•˜μˆ˜λ„μ‹œμ„€ 관리업무 λŒ€ν–‰μ§€μΉ¨κ³Ό 지방곡기업법 μ‹œν–‰κ·œμΉ™μ—μ„œ 흄관은 20λ…„, λŒ€ν˜• λ°•μŠ€κ΄€λ‘œλŠ” 30λ…„μœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  있으며, κ³΅κ³΅ν•˜μˆ˜λ„ μœ μ§€κ΄€λ¦¬ μ‹€λ¬΄μ§€μΉ¨μ„œμ—μ„œλŠ” ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ μ‹œμ„€μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό 50λ…„μœΌλ‘œ μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(MOE, 2005; MOE, 2015b). λ―Έμ—°λ°©μ •λΆ€ μž¬λ¬΄νšŒκ³„κΈ°μ€€μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 콘크리트 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œλŠ” 50λ…„, λΉ—λ¬Ό λ°°μˆ˜κ΄€μ€ 40~45λ…„μœΌλ‘œ μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  있으며, 맀사좔세츠 μˆ˜μžμ› 사무ꡭ λ³΄κ³ μ„œμ—μ„œλŠ” 50년을 κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€(FASAB, 2009; MWRA, 2009). λ˜ν•œ, λ―Έκ΅­ κ΅­μ„Έμ²­μ˜ Publication 946μ—μ„œλŠ” μΌλ°˜μƒκ°λ²•μ„ μ μš©ν•˜λŠ” 경우 20λ…„, λŒ€μ²΄μƒκ°λ²•μ„ μ μš©ν•˜λŠ” 경우 50λ…„μœΌλ‘œ κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(IRS, 2015). λ°˜λ©΄μ—, 영ꡭ의 WRc 맀뉴얼과 λ‰΄μ§ˆλžœλ“œ 인버카길 μ‹œν‹°μ˜ λ³΄κ³ μ„œμ—μ„œλŠ” 각각 80~125λ…„κ³Ό 100년을 μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄ ꡭ내와 미ꡭ의 κΈ°μ€€κ³Ό 큰 차이λ₯Ό 보이고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€(WRc, 2001; ICC, 2011).

Table 4. Sewer Pipe Useful Life in Various Countries Table_KSCE_37_03_08_T4.jpg

1)RC : reinforced concrete, 2) HDPE : high-density polyethylene, 3)PVC : polyvinyl chloride

이처럼 λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜μ—μ„œ 큰 차이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” 제쑰 ν’ˆμ§ˆμ΄λ‚˜ μ‹œκ³΅ ν™˜κ²½μ΄ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯΄κ³  μ‹œμ„€ κ°œλ³΄μˆ˜μ— 따라 μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ„±λŠ₯을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ‚¬μš©μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό κ·œμ •ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μ—μ„œλ„ νšŒκ³„μ  λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜μ™€ 관리적 λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜μ˜ κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„λ˜λŠ” 것을 이유둜 λ“€ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ λ…Έν›„λ‘œ μΈν•œ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” νšŒκ³„μž₯λΆ€μƒμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ, μ‹€μ œ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œκ°€ κΈ°λŠ₯적으둜 λ°œνœ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν•œκ³„κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 기간인 관리적 λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•΄μ•Όν•  것이닀(NFEC, 2014).

ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 일반적으둜 λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜κ°€ λ°˜μ„ΈκΈ°μ— 이λ₯΄λŠ” ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œλ₯Ό 였랜 기간에 걸쳐 관리적 λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κ³  κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것은 쉽지 μ•Šλ‹€(US-EPA, 2002). λ˜ν•œ, μ„œμšΈμ‹œ GIS λ°μ΄ν„°μƒμ˜ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ 평균 μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜λŠ” 24.9년이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ˜ˆμƒ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό 100λ…„ μ΄μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것은 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ μ„±λŠ₯이 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ κ²€μ¦λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ ν•©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ‚°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ³€μˆ˜μΈ λ‚΄μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό ꡭ내와 λ―Έκ΅­ λ¬Έν—Œμ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 50λ…„μœΌλ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ—¬ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

2.3 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 및 νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„± λ“±κΈ‰ κ²°μ • 방법

μ•žμ„œ κ³„μ‚°ν•œ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ™€ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 값은 0λΆ€ν„° 1κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 연속적인 숫자둜 λ„μΆœλ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, μœ„ν—˜λ„ 맀트릭슀(risk matrix)산정을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ‹€μ„― 개의 λ“±κΈ‰μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„ν• ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ μ„ ν–‰μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 연속적인 μˆ«μžλ³€μˆ˜λ₯Ό 5λ“±κΈ‰μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ„€μΈ„λŸ΄ 브레이크 방법(Jenks natural breaks classification method)을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(Salman and Salem, 2012; Baah et al., 2015). λ„€μΈ„λŸ΄ 브레 이크 방법은 GIS DBμ—μ„œ 등급ꡬ뢄을 μœ„ν•΄ κ°€μž₯ 보편적으둜 ν™œμš©λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ, 데이터 κ°’μ˜ 배열을 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ λ“±κΈ‰(natural classes)으둜 μ΅œμ ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬ΆλŠ” 방법이닀. λ„€μΈ„λŸ΄ 브레이크λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•˜λ©΄ 같은 λ“±κΈ‰ λ‚΄ 전체 κ°’λ“€μ˜ 평균을 κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ νŽΈμ°¨λŠ” μ΅œμ†Œν™”λ˜κ³  각 λ“±κΈ‰ κ°„μ˜ 뢄산은 κ·ΉλŒ€ν™” ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€(Jenks, 1977).

3. 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ μ‚°μ • κ²°κ³Ό

3.1 κ²€ν†  λŒ€μƒμ§€μ—­ μ„ μ •

μ„œμšΈμ‹œ μ˜λ“±ν¬κ΅¬λŠ” μ‚°μ—…λ°œμ „κ³Ό λ™μ‹œμ— μ„œμšΈμ—μ„œ λ„μ‹œκ°œλ°œμ΄ κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € μ§„ν–‰λœ μ§€μ—­μœΌλ‘œ, κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€μ˜ λ…Έν›„ν™”κ°€ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ–΄μžˆλ‹€. 특히 μ˜λ“±ν¬κ΅¬ μ„œμͺ½μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 문래 λ°°μˆ˜λΆ„κ΅¬λŠ” 곡업단지가 μœ„μΉ˜ν•˜κ³  있으며, λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œκ°€ λ…Έν›„ν™”λœ ν•©λ₯˜μ‹ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄ κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ 쑰사와 λ³΄μˆ˜κ°€ μš°μ„ μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ 맀섀년도 및 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 영ν–₯μΈμžλ“€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœ GIS DB의 ꡬ성이 μ–‘ν˜Έν•˜μ—¬ 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό κ²€ν† ν•˜κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜λ‹€. 문래 λ°°μˆ˜λΆ„κ΅¬μ˜ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œλŠ” 전체 κ΄€λ‘œ μ—°μž₯ μ•½ 89.3 km이며, ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ GIS λ°μ΄ν„°λŠ” 전체 3,339개, 이 쀑 맀섀년도가 μžˆμ–΄ μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό 계산할 수 μžˆλŠ” λ°μ΄ν„°λŠ” 2,811개 데이터(μ „μ²΄μ˜ 84%)둜 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€.

3.2 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 및 νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„± μ‚°μ • κ²°κ³Ό

μ•žμ„œ μ„€λͺ…ν•œ μ‚°μ • 방법에 따라, 문래 λ°°μˆ˜λΆ„κ΅¬ λ‚΄μ˜ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ— λŒ€ν•œ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ™€ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 점수λ₯Ό μ‚°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ„€μΈ„λŸ΄ 브레이크 방법을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚°μ •λœ 점수λ₯Ό λ‹€μ„― λ“±κΈ‰μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜κ³  ν•΄λ‹Ήμ§€μ—­μ˜ GIS 지도상에 ν‘œν˜„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

Table 5μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ 바와 같이, νŒŒμ†μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ§‰λŒ€ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμƒλ˜λŠ” 4~5λ“±κΈ‰ κ΄€λ‘œλŠ” μ „μ²΄μ˜ 15.9%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 반면, νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성이 5등급에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 0.72점(μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜ 36λ…„κ²½κ³Ό) 이상인 λŒ€μƒμ€ 전체 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ 55%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜μ—¬ ν•΄λ‹Ή λ°°μˆ˜λΆ„κ΅¬μ˜ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성은 λŒ€μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ 맀우 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€.

λ˜ν•œ GIS 지도상에 ν‘œν˜„λœ μœ„μΉ˜ 뢄포λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄, Fig. 1(a)μ—μ„œ ν•˜μ²œ 인근에 λ§€μ„€λœ μ°¨μ§‘κ΄€λ‘œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ 높은 νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 등급을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³ , μ‹œκ°€μ§€ λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μ£Όλ„λ‘œμ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ°„μ„ κ΄€λ‘œκ°€ 4등급에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•œλ‹€. λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ Fig. 1(b)μ—μ„œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ£Ό κ°„μ„ λ„λ‘œμ— λ§€μ„€λœ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œκ°€ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 4~5등급에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•œλ‹€.

Table 5. Cutoff Values for Consequence of Failure and Probability of Failure Grade Table_KSCE_37_03_08_T5.jpg
Fig. 1.

Sewer Pipe Map in Mullae Sub-catchment: (a) Classified by Consequence of Failure Grade; (b) Classified by Probability of Failure Grade

Figure_KSCE_37_03_08_F1.jpg

3.3 μœ„ν—˜λ„ λ“±κΈ‰ μ‚°μ • κ²°κ³Ό

μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ, μ•žμ—μ„œ 1~5λ“±κΈ‰μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•œ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ™€ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ™μ‹œμ— κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ μœ„ν—˜λ„ 기반의 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•œλ‹€. 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λŠ” μœ„ν—˜λ„ 맀트릭슀둜 ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λ©°, νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ™€ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ™μ‹œμ— 높은 ν•­λͺ©λΆ€ν„° μ°¨λ‘€λŒ€λ‘œ 색을 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μ„― λ“±κΈ‰μ˜ μœ„ν—˜λ„λ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•œλ‹€. μœ„ν—˜λ„ λ“±κΈ‰ ꡬ뢄은 CCTV ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ 쑰사 μ˜ˆμ‚°μ— μ ν•©ν•˜λ„λ‘ μœ λ™μ μœΌλ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ›μΉ™μ΄λ‚˜, 기본적으둜 κ³΅κ³΅ν•˜μˆ˜λ„ κΈ°μˆ μ§„λ‹¨ μ—…λ¬΄μ²˜λ¦¬ κ·œμ •μ—μ„œλŠ” ν•©λ₯˜μ‹ κ΄€λ‘œμΈ 경우 전체연μž₯ λŒ€λΉ„ 20% 이상 내뢀쑰사λ₯Ό κΆŒκ³ ν•˜κ³  있으며, ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ •λΉ„ μž„λŒ€ν˜•λ―Όμžμ‚¬μ—…(BTL) μ‹œν–‰μ§€μΉ¨μ—μ„œλŠ” λŒ€μƒμ§€μ—­μ˜ 10~30% λ²”μœ„ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λ„λ‘ κΆŒκ³ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 문래 λ°°μˆ˜λΆ„κ΅¬ 전체λ₯Ό 쑰사 사업 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ„ μ •ν•œλ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ, 전체 μ‘°μ‚¬λŒ€μƒμ˜ 20% 이상 30% 미만의 λŒ€μƒμ΄ 선정될 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μœ„ν—˜λ„ 등급을 μ‘°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

μœ„ν—˜λ„ λ§€νŠΈλ¦­μŠ€μ™€ μœ„ν—˜λ„ 등급을 μ‚°μ •ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” Table 6와 κ°™λ‹€. μ•žμ—μ„œ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ™€ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„±μ˜ λ‹€μ„― 개 λ“±κΈ‰μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•œ λŒ€μƒμ„ μœ„ν—˜λ„ λ§€νŠΈλ¦­μŠ€μ— λ°°μΉ˜ν•˜κ³  μœ„ν—˜λ„ 등급에 따라 λ‹€μ„― 가지 μƒ‰μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, μœ„ν—˜λ„ 등급은 1λ“±κΈ‰μ—μ„œ 5λ“±κΈ‰κΉŒμ§€ μ°¨λ‘€λ‘œ 6.8%, 33.3%, 33.2%, 17.2%, 9.5%둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©°, μœ„ν—˜λ„ 4~5등급은 전체 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ˜ 26.7% λΉ„μœ¨μ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄ 쑰사사업 ν‘œλ³ΈλŒ€μƒ λΉ„μœ¨μ— μ ν•©ν•œ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ„μΆœλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. Fig. 2λŠ” ν•΄λ‹Ή 등급을 GIS 지도상에 좜λ ₯ν•œ 결과이닀. μ‹œκ°€μ§€ λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μ£Όλ„λ‘œμ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” κ°„μ„ κ΄€λ‘œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ μœ„ν—˜λ„ 4~5등급에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, κ°„μ„ κ΄€λ‘œμž„μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  λͺ‡λͺ‡μ˜ κ΄€λ‘œλŠ” 3등급인 κ΄€λ‘œλ„ ν˜Όμž¬λ˜μ–΄ λ“±κΈ‰ κ΅¬λΆ„μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.

Fig. 2.

Sewer Pipe Risk Grade Map in Mullae Sub-catchment

Figure_KSCE_37_03_08_F2.jpg
Table 6. Sewer Inspection Prioritization Matrix Based on Risk Assessment (Classified in Five Color) Table_KSCE_37_03_08_T6.jpg

4. κ²° λ‘ 

λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ„œμšΈμ‹œ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ GIS DBλ₯Ό 기초둜 ν•˜μ—¬ μœ„ν—˜λ„ 기반의 ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 방법을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ΅­λ‚΄μ™Έ μœ„ν—˜λ„ 기반의 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ λ„μΆœ 방법을 κ²€ν† ν•˜μ—¬ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ™€ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„±, 그리고 μœ„ν—˜λ„ 산정방법을 λ„μΆœν•˜κ³  μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ λ°°μˆ˜λΆ„κ΅¬ 지역을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμ˜ μ‚°μ •λ°©λ²•μ˜ 적용 타당성을 κ²€ν† ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

(1)κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ ν™˜μ‚°λ²•μ— κΈ°μ΄ˆν•œ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 산정방법을 ν† λŒ€λ‘œ, 주어진 DB에 μ ν•©ν•œ 영ν–₯인자, κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜, ꡬ뢄기쀀을 κ²°μ •ν•˜κ³  νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Ό 값을 λ„μΆœν•˜λŠ” 식을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

(2)ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©μ—°μˆ˜λ₯Ό 기반으둜 μ •λŸ‰μ μΈ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 산정방법을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

(3)μ‹€μ œ λ°°μˆ˜λΆ„κ΅¬λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ•žμ—μ„œ λ„μΆœν•œ νŒŒμ†κ²°κ³Όμ™€ νŒŒμ†κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 산정방법을 μ μš©ν•˜κ³ , μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ„ν—˜λ„ 기반의 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜μ—¬ ν•΄λ‹Ή μ‚°μ •λ°©λ²•μ˜ 적용 타당성을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

결둠적으둜, ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œ 쑰사 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νŒŒμ† 결과와 νŒŒμ† κ°€λŠ₯μ„± λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•œ 합리적인 μœ„ν—˜λ„ 등급을 μ‚°μ • λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ•ˆν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μ•½ 27%에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” κ΄€λ‘œλ₯Ό 4~5λ“±κΈ‰μœΌλ‘œ λ°°μ •ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, μΆ”ν›„ λ°°μ •λœ 쑰사 μ˜ˆμ‚°μ— 따라, λ™μΌν•œ 방법을 μ μš©ν•˜κ³  μœ„ν—˜λ„ 맀트릭슀의 λ“±κΈ‰ ꡬ뢄을 μ‘°μ •ν•˜μ—¬ μ‘°μ‚¬μ˜ μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μž¬λ°°μ •ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. μ‹€μ œ 쑰사가 이루어진 μ΄ν›„μ—λŠ” μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜λŠ” 기본적인 ν‹€λ‘œμ„œ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ 기쑴의 GIS DBλ₯Ό κ°±μ‹ ν•˜κ³  νŒŒμ† 결과와 νŒŒμ† κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ •κ΅ν•˜κ²Œ μž¬μ‚°μ •ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” κ°œλ³„ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΄€λ‘œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μœ„ν—˜λ„ μ‚°μ • 방법을 ν† λŒ€λ‘œ 지역별 μœ„ν—˜λ„ μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°œλ°œν•˜μ—¬ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€λœλ‹€.

Acknowledgements

λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν™˜κ²½λΆ€ β€œν™˜κ²½μ •μ±…κΈ°λ°˜κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°μˆ κ°œλ°œμ‚¬μ—…(과제번호 2016000200012)β€μœΌλ‘œ 지원받은 κ³Όμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이에 κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.

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