Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ๊ฒฝ๋ถ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Kyungpook National University)
  2. ๊ฒฝ๋ถ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Kyungpook National University)


VE๋ชจ๋ธ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ, ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ, ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจ๋ธ
VE Model, Environment Pollution, Potential Cost, Eco-Friendly Design Evaluation Model

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  •   1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

  •   1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„

  •   1.3 ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ

  • 2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ

  •   2.1 ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ณตํ•™(Value Engineering : VE)

  •   2.2 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ •์˜

  •   2.3 LCA

  •   2.4 ์œ„ํ—˜ํ‰๊ฐ€(Risk Evaluation)

  • 3. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ

  •   3.1 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰

  •   3.2 ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜(PEI)

  • 4. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„

  •   4.1 ๋Œ€์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ก€

  •   4.2 ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€

  •   4.3 ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณตํ‘œ๋œ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”ํ˜‘์•ฝ์ธ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌํ˜‘์ •์€ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋Œ€์‘์— ์†Œ๊ทน์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Hur, 2016). ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์ฒด ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ 42%๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค์—…(Nam et al., 2011)์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝํ™”๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋‹น๋ฉด๊ณผ์ œ์ž„์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €๊ฐ๋Œ€์ฑ…, ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ๋””์ž์ธ(Passive Design), LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) ๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฑด์ถ•์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์ž์›์„ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ๋ชฉ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ 100์–ต ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งค๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ์•ฝ 3%๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ VE (Design Value Engineering) ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim and Kim, 2016). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ VE Job Plan์€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋น„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ VE๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ, ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์ถ•์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์—์„œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ 37๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ VE ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 45๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจ๋ธ (Eco-Friendly Design Evaluation Model; Eco-VE Model) ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ 20๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœ ํ›„ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด VE ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•˜๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(EF), ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ LCC (Life Cycle Cost), LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ Eco-Point, ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต ํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜ (Potential Environmental Index; PEI) ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ธ”๋ก์‹ ์˜น๋ฒฝ์„ ์›์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜น๋ฒฝ์„ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Fig. 1.

Study Procedure

Figure_KSCE_37_4_09_F1.jpg

์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ค‘ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, LCC์™€ LCA ๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์€ ํ† ๋ชฉ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

1.3 ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ฌผ ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ LCC์™€ LCA๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. Kim and Kim (2015)์€ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ VE ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•… ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” NIA๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Kim and Park (2015)์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ, ๋ฐœ์—ด, ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ, ํ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ณ‘์› ํ™˜์ž ๋ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ค๊ณ„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Kim and Lee (2003)์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์‚ฌ์—…์˜ LCC ์„ฑ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ LCC ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์–ด๋‚ธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ›ˆ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Kim and Kang (2013)์€ ์„ค๊ณ„์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์™€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ณผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ „๋žต์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Lee et al. (2014)์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Kang et al. (2008)์€ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ ๋„์ˆ˜๊ด€๋กœ ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ LCA๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ธฐ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์˜ ์„ ์ • ์‹œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Kim et al. (2011)์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ์ „์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•œ ํ›„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Jung (2013)์€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ LCC๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ €๊ฐ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ €๊ฐ ๋น„๊ต ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Park (2007)๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„ ๊ด€๋ จ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Kim (2008)์€ LCA๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ›„ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ตœ์ ์•ˆ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์—… ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ์€ LCA๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์€ LCC๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ

2.1 ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ณตํ•™(Value Engineering : VE)

๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ์˜ VE๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ใ€Œ์ตœ์ €์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋น„์šฉ(Life Cycle Cost)์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์Ÿ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅใ€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. VEํ™œ๋™์€ ์ค€๋น„๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๋ถ„์„๋‹จ๊ณ„, ์‹คํ–‰๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™” ๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim, 1999).

๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. Table 1์€ VE์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 4๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

VE๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋น„์šฉ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Œ€์•ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

Table 1. Relationship of Function and Cost Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T1.jpg
Table 2. Types of VE Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T2.jpg

2.2 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ •์˜

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„์šฉ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ดด, ์˜ค์—ผ, ๋ณด์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ง์ ‘๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ž์ฒด์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋น„์šฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋น„, ๋ณด์ƒ๋น„, ์ œ๋„์ ๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(LEE, 1999).

Table 3์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง์ ‘๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์‚ฐ์ •์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋น„์šฉ, ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ํ”ผํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ, ์ˆ˜์งˆ, ํ† ์–‘ํ”ผํ•ด๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์ธก์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„์šฉ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋น„, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋ณด์ƒ๋น„ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์  ๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ ์ž๋ฃŒ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 3. Classification of Environment Cost (Kim and Kim, 2016) Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T3.jpg

2.3 LCA

LCA๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ ์ „๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ œํ’ˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํˆฌ์ž…๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋กœ ISO14040 ์— ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. LCA์˜ ์ฒซ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘, ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ž์žฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ LCI DB (Life Cycle Inventory Database)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชฉ๋ก๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ชฉ๋ก๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” LCA์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ •์˜๋œ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์ผ๊ฐ„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(Choi et al., 2012). LCA ์ง„ํ–‰์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Fig. 2.

LCA Process (Cho et al., 2016)

Figure_KSCE_37_4_09_F2.jpg

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ ์ž์žฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญํ™˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ ์›, ์ง€์‹๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ LCI DB์™€ ์Šค์œ„์Šค์—์„œ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ Ecoinvent์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ DB๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.4 ์œ„ํ—˜ํ‰๊ฐ€(Risk Evaluation)

์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ ค ํ•œ ํ›„ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ๊ฒฐ์ • ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค(Cho, 2004).

์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋ž€ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์ด ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ง, ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ(Probability)๊ณผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„(Consequence)์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค(US Department of Defence, 1993). ์œ„ํ—˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

Fig. 3.

Risk Assessment Process

Figure_KSCE_37_4_09_F3.jpg
Table 4. Likelihood and Consequence Scale of Hazard (US Department of Defence, 1993) Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T4.jpg

์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•์ธ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ž ์žฌ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ก, ๊ณต์ •์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ์ง์ ‘ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„, ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ƒ์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ ํ›„ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ํ™•์ธ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” Table 4์˜ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธด๋‹ค(Kim, 2005).

์œ„ํ—˜ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์จ๋Š” ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์ •์„ฑ์  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํŠน์„ฑ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ„์ ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค(Yi et al., 2006).

Table 5๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์–ด์ง„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1โˆผ5๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. 6โˆผ9๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋ฉฐ, ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹คํ–‰์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. 10โˆผ17๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”๋œ ์‹คํ–‰๊ณ„ํš์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. 18โˆผ20์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ ์œ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

Table 5. Qualitative Risk Assessment Matrix (U.S Department of Defence, 1993) Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T5.jpg

3. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ

์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต ์ค‘ ๋˜๋Š” ์šด์˜๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ณต์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. Eq. (1)์€ VE ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝVE ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ •๋ฆฝ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim and Kim, 2016).

PIC1424.gif             (1)

EV = Eco-friendly Value

EF = Eco-Function

LCC = Life Cycle Cost

PEI = Potential Environmental Index

Eq. (1)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” Fig. 4์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด EF, LCC, LCA๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  PEI๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•(Risk Analysis)์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4.

Process of Environment Design Evaluation

Figure_KSCE_37_4_09_F4.jpg

3.1 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰

๊ธฐ์กด VE์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€ ์š”์†Œ์— ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๊ณต์‹ ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ํ™œ์šฉ ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋ฐ›์€ ์ œ๋„์ด๋‹ค. Table 6์—์„œ ๊ฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ(Kim and Kim, 2010) ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ EF (Eco-Function) ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ VE์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์›์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์— ์•Œ๋งž์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— VE์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜์™€ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ์—ฐ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์•ˆ๊ณผ ์›์•ˆ์˜ EF ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์›์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์‚ฐ์ •์€ LCA ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” CO2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ 8๋Œ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์ฃผ ์ค‘ CO2 ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ž์žฌ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ณต ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์€ ๋‚ด์—ญ์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ EBS (Event Break Down System for Construction)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ LCA๋ถ„์„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ LCI DB๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ DB์™€ ํ•ด์™ธ DB๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 6. Eco-Function Assessment Contents Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T6.jpg

3.2 ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜(PEI)

2์žฅ์—์„œ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ „๋น„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์•„์ง ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์ด๋ผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ™” ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜(Potential Environmental Index; PEI)์ด๋‹ค.

์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜(PEI)์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ VE ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐœ๋…์ •์˜ Table 3์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ 37๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์„ ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ, ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ, ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ, ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 5์  ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์œ„, ์ค‘์ƒ์œ„, ์ค‘ํ•˜์œ„, ํ•˜์œ„๊ถŒ์˜ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Table 7์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ์œ„, ์ค‘์ƒ์œ„ 20๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฐ์ •์€ Fig. 5์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ AHP๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์›์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์›์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 7. Top and Upper Middle Environmental Contents Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T7.jpg
Fig. 5.

PEI Calculation Process (Kim and Kim, 2016)

Figure_KSCE_37_4_09_F5.jpg

4. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„

4.1 ๋Œ€์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ก€

๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™๋ง‰์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ธ ์˜น๋ฒฝ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์›์•ˆ์€ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ก์‹ ์˜น๋ฒฝ(Segmental Retaining Walls)์ด๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋น” ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค RC (Reinforced Concrete) ์˜น๋ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„์—๋Š” VE ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” 6๋ช…์˜ VE์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ํŒ€์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ 10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ ์ธ์ฆ์—…๋ฌด ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4.2 ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€

์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” EF๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” LEED์™€ BREEAM ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์ค‘ ์›์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ํŒ€์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์„ค๋ฌธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Table 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด LEED์™€ BREEAM์˜ ์ค‘๋ณตํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ธ โ€˜์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ† ์ง€์˜ ์ด์šฉโ€™, โ€˜์ž์žฌ์™€ ์ž์›โ€™ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์˜น๋ฒฝ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์‹œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ํ† ์ง€๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝํŒŒ๊ดด์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉฐ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ž์žฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์ˆ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(Environment Function; EF) ๊ฐ’์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” AHP๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. AHP๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ธฐ์กด VE์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค์€ โ€˜์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ฑโ€™, โ€˜๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑโ€™, โ€˜๊ฒฝ๊ด€์„ฑโ€™, โ€˜์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑโ€™, โ€˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑโ€™, โ€˜์•ˆ์ „์„ฑโ€™ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(EF) ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” Table 9์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ โ€˜์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑโ€™, โ€˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑโ€™ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ LEED์™€ BREEAM์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ธ โ€˜์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ† ์ง€์˜ ์ด์šฉโ€™, โ€˜์ž์žฌ์™€ ์ž์›โ€™ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์Œ๋Œ€๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์–ป์€ ํ›„ ์›์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ๋งค๊ธด ํ›„ ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด EF๊ฐ’์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Table 9์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์›์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ EF๊ฐ’์€ 85.07, 90.28๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์›์•ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Table 8. Expert Survey Results for Estimating EF Items Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T8.jpg

A:Sustainable use of the land, B:Water efficiency, C:Energy use and atmospheric environment, D:Materials and resources, E:Indoor environment, F:Connect with local area, G:Awareness and education, H:Creative design, I:Operations management, J:Health and comfort, K:Traffic, L:Waste, M:Condition, N:Pollution

Table 9. EF Evaluation Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T9.jpg

์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์†Œ์ธ LCC๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๋น„, ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋น„, ์‹œ๊ณต๋น„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํˆฌ์ž๋น„์™€ 50๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋น„๋ฅผ ์•ฝ 3%์˜ ์‹ค์งˆํ• ์ธ์œจ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. LCC ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Table 10, Table 11๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์›์•ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค 238,922,000์› ์ ๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Table 10. LCC Analysis of Alternatives Alternative (Unit : ๏ฟฆ1,000) Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T10.jpg
Table 11. LCC Analysis of Original Original (Unit : ๏ฟฆ1,000) Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T11.jpg

์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์†Œ์ธ CO2 Emission์€ LCA ์˜ 8๋Œ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฒ”์ฃผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์ „์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€๊ตฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ Table 12์™€ 13์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ณต ์‹œ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ž์žฌ์™€ ์žฅ๋น„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋‚ด์—ญ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๊ณผ ์†Œ์š”์ž์› ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” EBS ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 12. CO2 Emission Analysis of Alternative Alternative Eco - Point (Unit : kg CO2-eq) Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T12.jpg
Table 13. CO2 Emission Analysis of Original Original Eco - Point (Unit : kg CO2-eq) Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T13.jpg

LCA๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์ด ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Cut-off ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด 80%์ด์ƒ(Cho et al., 2016)๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 82% ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ๊ฐ’์€ 1.21E+06, 1.45E+06๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์›์•ˆ์ด ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์†Œ์ธ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜(PEI)๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ์ •๋œ 20๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ Table 14์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ด๋‹น ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ 5๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  AHP ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ Table 5์˜ Risk Matrix๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Table 15์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์›์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ Risk Level์„ ๋งค๊ธด ๋‹ค์Œ Table 16์˜ Rating๋ž€์— ๊ธฐ์ž…์„ ํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜์™€ ์—ฐ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜(PEI)๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 14. Selection of Environment Index Items for Original and Alternative Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T14.jpg
Table 15. Risk Assessment of Alternative and Original Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T15.jpg
Table 16. PEI Analysis of Alternative and Original Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T16.jpg

4.3 ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์›์•ˆ์ธ ๋ธ”๋ก์‹ ์˜น๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ธ ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์˜น๋ฒฝ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Table 17์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์›์•ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค CO2 Emission ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ž ์žฌ์ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜(PEI) ๊ฐ’์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™”์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(EF) ๊ฐ’๊ณผ LCC ๊ฐ’์ด ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ’(EV)์ด 1.026์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์›์•ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค 1.026๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Table 17. Result of Case Study Table_KSCE_37_4_09_T17.jpg

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋Œ€์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑด์„ค์—…์—์„œ๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด VE ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

VE ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด 6๋ช…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์›์•ˆ์ธ ๋ธ”๋ก์‹ ์˜น๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ธ ํ˜„์žฅํƒ€์„ค ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์˜น๋ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ CO2 Emission ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ž ์žฌ์ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ’(PEI)์ด ์›์•ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(EF)๊ฐ’๊ณผ LCC๊ฐ’์ด ์›์•ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ’(EV) ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์›์•ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค 1.026๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์ถ•์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์™„์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋†’์€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2014๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€(๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ฐฝ์กฐ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(No. NRF-2014R1A2A1A 11051065).

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