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  1. μ—°μ„ΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ ν† λͺ©ν™˜κ²½κ³΅ν•™κ³Ό 석사과정 (Yonsei University)
  2. μ—°μ„ΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ ν† λͺ©ν™˜κ²½κ³΅ν•™κ³Ό 박사과정 (Yonsei University)
  3. μ—°μ„ΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ ν† λͺ©ν™˜κ²½κ³΅ν•™κ³Ό 석사 (Yonsei University)
  4. μ—°μ„ΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ ν† λͺ©ν™˜κ²½κ³΅ν•™κ³Ό ꡐ수 (Yonsei University)


νš¨κ³ ν–‰λ™κ°•λ Ή, μ„Όλ‹€μ΄ν”„λ ˆμž„μ›Œν¬, μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°, μž¬ν•΄κ΄€λ¦¬
HFA, SFDRR, Disaster Risk Reduction, Disaster Management

  • 1. μ„œ λ‘ 

  • 2. νš¨κ³ ν–‰λ™κ°•λ Ήκ³Ό μ„Όλ‹€μ΄ν”„λ ˆμž„μ›Œν¬

  •   2.1 νš¨κ³ ν–‰λ™κ°•λ Ή(HFA)

  •   2.2 μ„Όλ‹€μ΄ν”„λ ˆμž„μ›Œν¬(SFDRR)

  •   2.3 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ—μ„œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ˜ μ—­ν• 

  •   2.4 HFA와 SFDRR 비ꡐ 뢄석

  • 3. κ΅­λ‚΄ 이행 ν˜„ν™© 뢄석

  •   3.1 HFA 이행 κ²°κ³Ό

  •   3.2 SFDRR 채택 이후 κ΅­λ‚΄ 동ν–₯

  •   3.3 SFDRR 이행을 μœ„ν•œ κ°œμ„ λ°©ν–₯

  • 4. κ²° λ‘ 

1. μ„œ λ‘ 

2000λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2012λ…„κΉŒμ§€ μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ•½ 120만 λͺ…이 μž¬λ‚œμœΌλ‘œ 인해 μ‚¬λ§ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 1μ‘° 7천 μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ ν”Όν•΄κ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(UNISDR, 2013a). Beck (1992)은 κ·ΌλŒ€ν™”μ™€ μ‚°μ—…ν™”κ°€ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λ©΄μ„œ μœ„ν—˜κ³Ό μž¬λ‚œμ€ λ™μ‹œλ‹€λ°œμ μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μœ„ν—˜μ˜ λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ„±κ³Ό κ³΅λ™μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μž¬λ‚œμ˜ μœ„ν—˜μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μ €κ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ UN (United Nations)μ—μ„œλŠ” 1990λ…„λŒ€λ₯Ό IDNDR (International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction)으둜 μ§€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 1994λ…„ IDNDR에 λŒ€ν•œ 쀑간평가λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ WCNDR (World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction)을 κ°œμ΅œν•˜μ—¬ μš”μ½”ν•˜λ§ˆ μ „λž΅(Yokohama strategy)을 μ±„νƒν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μš”μ½”ν•˜λ§ˆ μ „λž΅μ€ 첫 번째둜 ꡭ제적인 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ μž¬λ‚œμ˜ 영ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•œ μ€€λΉ„, 예방, 저감을 μœ„ν•œ κΈ°λ³Έ 지침을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(Tozier de la Poterie and Baudoin, 2015).

IDNDR 10κ°œλ…„ κ³„νš 기간이 쒅결됨에 따라 ν›„μ†μ‚¬μ—…μœΌλ‘œ UNISDR (UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction)을 μ„€λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 2005λ…„ 일본 κ³ λ² μ—μ„œ 개졜된 WCDR (World Conference on Disaster Reduction)μ—μ„œ HFAκ°€ μ±„νƒλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. HFAλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λΆ„μ•Ό 및 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œμ˜ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ„ μœ„ν•œ μƒμ„Έν•œ ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€λ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν•œ 졜초의 κ³„νšμœΌλ‘œ, λŒ€μ‘ 및 볡ꡬ가 κ°•μ‘°λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ μ΄μ „μ˜ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ˜ κ°œλ…κ³ΌλŠ” 달리 μœ„ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ€€λΉ„ 및 μ˜ˆλ°©μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(Tozier de la Poterie and Baudoin, 2015).

HFAλŠ” 2015λ…„ μ’…λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 이에 λŒ€ν•œ ν›„μ†μœΌλ‘œ 2015λ…„ 3μ›” 일본 μ„Όλ‹€μ΄μ—μ„œ 개졜된 제3μ°¨ WCDRRμ—μ„œ SFDRR이 187개 UN νšŒμ›κ΅­μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ±„νƒλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. SFDRR은 HFA에 λŒ€ν•œ 평가와 κ²€ν† λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 2015λ…„μ—μ„œ 2030λ…„κΉŒμ§€ 총 15년에 걸쳐 μ΄ν–‰λœλ‹€(UNISDR, 2015).

μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” 1991λ…„ UN에 κ°€μž…ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ κΈ°λŠ₯을 κ°•ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ IDNDRμ—μ„œ μ§€μ •ν•œ β€˜μ„Έκ³„ μž¬ν•΄ 경감의 날’을 1996λ…„ γ€Œμžμ—°μž¬ν•΄λŒ€μ±…λ²•γ€κ³Ό 같은 법 μ‹œν–‰λ Ήμ— μ˜ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ 싀정에 맞게 μ μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(National Archives of Korea, 2017). 2008λ…„ ν–‰μ •μ•ˆμ „λΆ€κ°€ μΆœλ²”ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ νŒ¨λŸ¬λ‹€μž„μ„ μ „ν™˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯듀이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©°, 2009λ…„ UNISDR λ™λΆμ•„μ‚¬λ¬΄μ†Œ 및 κ΅­μ œλ°©μž¬μ—°μˆ˜μ›μ„ 인천 솑도에 μœ μΉ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 2010λ…„ 제4μ°¨ AMCDRR (Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction)을 μΈμ²œμ—μ„œ κ°œμ΅œν•˜λŠ” λ“± ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— λŒ€ν•œ ꡭ제적 ν™œλ™μ΄ ν™œλ°œν•΄μ§€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(NDMI, 2013).

μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν•œκ΅­μ—μ„œμ˜ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ 일련의 과정은 HFA 이행 μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 정성적 λ˜λŠ” μ •λŸ‰μ μœΌλ‘œ 평가할 수 μžˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­μ€ HFA 이행을 톡해 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ§Žμ€ μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό 이루어 μ™”μœΌλ©°, HFA의 ν›„μ†κ³Όμ œμΈ SFDRR λ˜ν•œ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜μ—¬ μž¬λ‚œμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μ €κ°μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ„Έμ›”ν˜Έ, λ©”λ₯΄μŠ€ λ“±μ˜ μž¬λ‚œ λ°œμƒμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ ν”Όν•΄λŠ” κ°μ†Œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μœΌλ©°, μž¬λ‚œμ— λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ²˜λŠ₯λ ₯의 뢀쑱이 문제점으둜 μ§€μ λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€.

SFDRR 채택에 따라 μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μΈκ°„μ˜ 건강, μž₯μ• , 지식 λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ SFDRR을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 연ꡬ가 μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€(Aitsi-Selmi, 2015; Stough and Kang, 2015; Weichselgartner and Pigeon, 2015; Aitsi-Selmi et al., 2016b; Lo et al., 2017). μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 일련의 SFDRR κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄, κ³Όν•™ 및 기술의 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ SFDRR을 λΆ„μ„ν•œ 연ꡬ가 λ‹€μˆ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ° κ΄€λ ¨ μ •μ±… 및 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ˜ μ—­ν• μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(Calkins, 2015; Carabine, 2015; Aitsi-Selmi et al., 2016a; Aitsi-Selmi et al., 2016c; Shaw et al., 2016; Trogrlic et al., 2017).

κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλŠ” SDGs을 μ§€μ›ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ •μ±… 및 μ΄ν–‰μ§€ν‘œ 평가 지원을 μœ„ν•œ 연ꡬ가 μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μœΌλ‚˜(Kim, 2016a; Kim, 2016b), μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ° 아젠닀인 SFDRR에 λŒ€ν•œ κ΄€λ ¨ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ―Έν‘ν•œ 싀정이닀.

λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” HFA이 μ’…λ£Œλ˜κ³  μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— λŒ€ν•œ κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ μ•„μ  λ‹€κ°€ SFDRR으둜 μ „ν™˜λ¨μ— 따라 μ£Όμš” λ³€ν™” λ‚΄μš©κ³Ό HFA에 λŒ€ν•œ κ΅­λ‚΄ 이행 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜μœΌλ©°, μ£Όμš” μ •λΆ€λΆ€μ²˜μ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μΆ”μ§„κ³„νšκ³Ό μž¬λ‚œ 및 μ•ˆμ „κ΄€λ¦¬κΈ°μˆ κ°œλ°œ μ’…ν•©κ³„νš 자료λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ SFDRR 채택에 λ”°λ₯Έ κ΅­λ‚΄ 이행 ν˜„ν™©μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ˜ 역할이 강쑰됨에 따라 SFDRRμ—μ„œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ  및 μ§€ν˜•κ³΅κ°„μ •λ³΄μ˜ 역할을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ , 이λ₯Ό 톡해 ν•œκ΅­μ΄ SFDRR 이해와 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— μžˆμ–΄ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ•Ό ν•  λ°©ν–₯을 μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€.

2. νš¨κ³ ν–‰λ™κ°•λ Ήκ³Ό μ„Όλ‹€μ΄ν”„λ ˆμž„μ›Œν¬

2.1 νš¨κ³ ν–‰λ™κ°•λ Ή(HFA)

HFAλŠ” 2005λ…„ 1μ›” 일본 κ³ λ² μ—μ„œ κ°œμ΅œν•œ WCDRμ—μ„œ 처음 수립된 κ΅­μ œμ‚¬νšŒκ°€ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ³΅μΈν•œ 첫 번째 강령이며, μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ°œλ…μ„ λŒ€μ€‘ν™”μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ ꡭ제적인 행동지침이라고 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€(Tozier de la Poterie and Baudoin, 2015).

HFAλŠ” 곡동체와 κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 생λͺ…κ³Ό μ‚¬νšŒμ , 경제적, ν™˜κ²½μ  μžμ‚°μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μž¬ν•΄μ†μ‹€μ„ ν˜„μ €νžˆ μ €κ°μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것을 κ·Έ 첫째 λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ •λΆ€, 지역 및 κ΅­μ œκΈ°κ΄€, λ΄‰μ‚¬μž, λ―Όκ°„λΆ€λ¬Έ, 과학계 λ“± κ΄€λ ¨λœ λͺ¨λ“  κ΄€κ³„μžλ“€μ˜ μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό κ°•μ‘°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(UNISDR, 2007).

HFAλŠ” 3가지 μ „λž΅λͺ©ν‘œ, 5가지 ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„μ™€ 이에 λŒ€ν•œ 22개의 ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€.

3가지 μ „λž΅λͺ©ν‘œμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€(UNISDR, 2007). 첫째, λͺ¨λ“  μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ 개발 μ •μ±…, κ³„νš, μž‘μ„±μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ˜ 보닀 효과적인 톡합, λ‘˜μ§Έ, μž¬ν•΄ νšŒλ³΅νƒ„λ ₯μ„± ꡬ좕에 μ²΄κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°μ—¬ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œμ˜ μ œλ„, λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜, μ—­λŸ‰μ˜ 개발 및 κ°•ν™”, μ…‹μ§Έ, ν”Όν•΄ 곡동체λ₯Ό μž¬κ±΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 비상상황에 λŒ€ν•œ μ€€λΉ„, λŒ€μ‘, 볡ꡬ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ 섀계 및 μ΄ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ° 접근방법을 μ²΄κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅ν•©ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀.

이와 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ λ‹€μ„― 가지 행동강령을 μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  있으며, λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€(UNISDR, 2007).

βˆ™Action 1: κ΅­κ°€ 및 μ§€μ—­μ˜ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ œλ„μ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ˜ μš°μ„ μ  μˆ˜ν–‰

βˆ™Action 2: μž¬ν•΄ μœ„ν—˜ 확인, 평가, λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§ 및 μ‘°κΈ° 경보 κ°•ν™”

βˆ™Action 3: λͺ¨λ“  μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œμ˜ μ•ˆμ „λ¬Έν™” 및 μž¬ν•΄νšŒλ³΅λ ₯을 κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 지식, ν˜μ‹ , ꡐ윑 ν™œμš©

βˆ™Action 4: 근본적 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜ μš”μ†Œ 경감

βˆ™Action 5: λͺ¨λ“  μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œμ˜ 효과적인 λŒ€μ‘μ„ μœ„ν•œ μž¬ν•΄λŒ€λΉ„ κ°•ν™”

UNISDR은 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ„ μœ„ν•΄ κ³Όν•™ 및 기술 μ •λ³΄μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ μΈμ§€ν•˜κ³  κ³Όν•™Β·κΈ°μˆ μ  μ •μ±… 문제λ₯Ό 닀루기 μœ„ν•΄ 2008λ…„ STC (Scientific and Technical Committee)λ₯Ό μ„€λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(UNISDR, 2011). μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ„ μœ„ν•œ 과학은 ν™˜κ²½, μ‚¬νšŒ, 경제, 보건, 곡학을 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 넓은 의미둜 κ°„μ£Όν•˜κ³ , 과학적 μ—­λŸ‰(capacity)은 κ³Όν•™Β·κΈ°μˆ μ  μ„±κ²©μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  κ΄€λ ¨ μžμ› 및 κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λ„λ‘ κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ„ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, STCλŠ” 2015λ…„κΉŒμ§€ 과학이 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μž…μ¦ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(UNISDR, 2013c).

UNISDR은 각 κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 정뢀와 μ΄ν•΄κ΄€κ³„μžμ™€μ˜ ν˜‘μ˜λ₯Ό 톡해 HFA 이행을 λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν”Œλž«νΌμ„ κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, HFA의 이행과정을 κ΅­κ°€λ³΄κ³ μ„œμ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ 자발적으둜 ν•΄λ‹Ή ν”Œλž«νΌμ— μ œμΆœν•˜μ—¬ 지역적 규λͺ¨μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° ꡭ가적 규λͺ¨κΉŒμ§€ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ° 이행에 λŒ€ν•œ 진행과정을 μΆ”μ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(Olowu, 2010). 5가지 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 22개 ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 2007λ…„κ³Ό 2013λ…„ 사이에 146 νšŒμ›κ΅­μ΄ 적어도 ν•œ 회 이상 HFA에 λŒ€ν•΄ 자발적으둜 평가λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(UNISDR, 2013b). 이λ₯Ό 톡해 HFA μ „λ°˜μ— 걸쳐 μ°Έμ—¬ ꡭ가듀은 진전이 μžˆμ—ˆμŒμ„ λ³΄κ³ ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, 손싀 및 ν”Όν•΄ λ˜ν•œ ν•¨κ»˜ μ¦κ°€ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.

2.2 μ„Όλ‹€μ΄ν”„λ ˆμž„μ›Œν¬(SFDRR)

HFAκ°€ 2015년을 기점으둜 μ’…λ£Œλ¨μ— 따라 2015λ…„ 이후 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ ν”„λ ˆμž„μ›Œν¬λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이에 따라 2015λ…„ 3μ›” 14~18일 일본 λ―Έμ•ΌκΈ°ν˜„ μ„Όλ‹€μ΄μ—μ„œ 개졜된 제3μ°¨ WCDRRμ—μ„œ SFDRR이 μ±„νƒλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.

SFDRR은 2005λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2015λ…„κΉŒμ§€ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ HFA에 λŒ€ν•œ 평가와 κ²€ν† λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 특히 HFAλ₯Ό μ΄ν–‰ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 지역 κ°„ ν˜‘μ •κ³Ό μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 지역 및 κ΅­κ°€κ°€ λ³΄μœ ν•œ μ „λž΅ 및 κ³„νšμ„ 톡해 얻어진 κ²½ν—˜μ΄ 반영될 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μž‘μ„±λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€(UNISDR, 2015).

SFDRR은 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ³Ό 인λͺ…·생계·보건에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ κ°œμΈΒ·κΈ°μ—…Β·μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒΒ·κ΅­κ°€μ˜ κ²½μ œμ Β·λ¬Όλ¦¬μ Β·μ‚¬νšŒμ Β·λ¬Έν™”μ Β·ν™˜κ²½μ  μžμ‚° μ†μ‹€μ˜ ν˜„μ €ν•œ κ°μ†Œλ₯Ό λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•˜κ³  있으며, 7가지 λͺ©ν‘œ, 4가지 μš°μ„ ν–‰λ™μˆœμœ„, 13가지 μ§€λ„μ›λ¦¬λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€(UNISDR, 2015).

SFDRR의 4가지 ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ μš”μ•½ν•˜λ©΄ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€.

βˆ™μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해

βˆ™μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ΄€λ¦¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ±°λ²„λ„ŒμŠ€ κ°•ν™”

βˆ™μž¬ν•΄ νšŒλ³΅νƒ„λ ₯성을 μœ„ν•œ 투자

βˆ™νš¨κ³Όμ μΈ λŒ€μ‘μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ€€λΉ„ 강화와 회볡 및 재건 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œμ˜ 더 λ‚˜μ€ ꡬ좕

μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ˜ 이행을 μœ„ν•΄ κ΅­κ°€ 및 κ΅­μ œκΈ°κ΄€, κ΄€λ ¨ μ΄ν•΄κ΄€κ³„μžλ“€μ€ μœ„μ˜ 4가지 ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„μ— 따라 법λ₯  및 κ·œμ •μ„ μ œμ •ν•˜κ³ , κ΅­κ°€μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ μ£Όμš” 행동강령듀을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λ„λ‘ κΆŒκ³ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ꡭ제적 μƒν˜Έ μ˜μ‘΄μ„±κ³Ό κ΅­κ°€ κ°„ ν˜‘λ ₯이 증가함에 따라 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— λŒ€ν•œ 지식 곡유, μˆ˜ν–‰λŠ₯λ ₯ 개발, 동기 λΆ€μ—¬κ°€ μš”κ΅¬λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€.

SFDRRμ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 2030λ…„κΉŒμ§€ λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 7가지 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€(UNISDR, 2015).

βˆ™Target 1: μž¬ν•΄λ‘œ μΈν•œ μ‚¬λ§μž 수 κ°μ†Œ

βˆ™Target 2: μž¬ν•΄λ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄μž 수 κ°μ†Œ

βˆ™Target 3: μž¬ν•΄λ‘œ μΈν•œ 직접적인 경제적 손싀 κ°μ†Œ

βˆ™Target 4: μ£Όμš” 인프라 μ‹œμ„€ 및 κΈ°λ³Έμƒν™œμˆ˜λ‹¨μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν”Όν•΄ 저감

βˆ™Target 5: μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ„ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μ „λž΅μ„ μ‚ΌλŠ” κ΅­κ°€ 수 증가

βˆ™Target 6: κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ—μ„œ μ„Όλ‹€μ΄ν”„λ ˆμž„μ›Œν¬λ₯Ό 채택할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ κ΅­μ œν˜‘λ ₯ κ°•ν™”

βˆ™Target 7: ꡭ민으둜 ν•˜μ—¬κΈˆ λ³΅ν•©μž¬λ‚œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 쑰기경보체계 및 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜μ •λ³΄ μ ‘κ·Ό 용이

SFDRR의 7가지 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬ SFDRR의 이행과정을 λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§ν•˜κ³  ν‰κ°€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ§€ν‘œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이에 OEIWG (Open-Ended Intergovernmental Working Group)을 κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ—¬ ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œμ˜ μš©μ–΄μ •μ˜ 및 μ‚°μΆœλ°©λ²• ν‘œμ€€ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 2015λ…„ 9μ›” 1μ°¨ 회의λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘μœΌλ‘œ 2016λ…„ 2μ›”, 2016λ…„ 11μ›” 총 3번의 회의λ₯Ό 거쳐 μ΅œμ’… ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œκ°€ λ°œν‘œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ 승인된 ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œλŠ” 2020-2030년에 걸쳐 각 κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ SFDRR 이행에 λŒ€ν•΄ 각 κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ 평가가 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆ μ˜ˆμ •μ΄λ‹€.

SFDRR은 ꡭ제적, 지역적, ꡭ가적 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ§€μžμ²΄ μˆ˜μ€€κΉŒμ§€ μ΄ν•΄κ΄€κ³„μžλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—­ν•  및 μ±…μž„μ„ λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(Calkins, 2015). λ˜ν•œ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ„ μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‹€ν˜„ν•˜κ³  μž¬ν•΄νšŒλ³΅λ ₯을 κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 과학정보 및 기술의 역할이 κ°•μ‘°λ˜κ³  있으며, μ΄λŠ” SFDRR 이행에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 핡심적인 츑면으둜 μ–ΈκΈ‰λœλ‹€(Carabine, 2015).

SFDRRμ—μ„œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ˜ 역할이 강쑰됨에 따라 SFDRR 이행을 μ§€μ›ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ UNISDRγ€€STAG (UNISDR Scientific and Technical Advisory Group)은 κ³Όν•™Β·κΈ°μˆ  λΆ„μ•Ό λ‘œλ“œλ§΅μ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μœ„ν—˜μš”μ†Œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 징후(evidence)와 지식 제곡이 κ³Όν•™Β·κΈ°μˆ μ˜ 주역할이라고 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(UNISDR, 2016).

λ˜ν•œ UN-GGIM (United Nations committee of experts on Global Geospatial Information Management)은 ꡭ제적으둜 κ³΅κ°„μ •λ³΄μ˜ κ°œλ°œμ„ μœ„ν•œ μ•„μ  λ‹€ μ„€μ • 및 ν™œμš© μ΄‰μ§„μ˜ 역할을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κΈ°κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ SFDRR 채택에 따라 2016λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2030λ…„κΉŒμ§€ μž¬ν•΄μ˜ 인적, 경제적, ν™˜κ²½μ  μœ„ν—˜ 및 영ν–₯을 곡간정보 및 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ„ 톡해 μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜κ³  μ €κ°μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것을 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ SFDRR 이행에 κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(UN-GGIM, 2016).

2.3 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ—μ„œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ˜ μ—­ν• 

μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ—μ„œ κ³Όν•™ 및 κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 관심은 1990λ…„λŒ€ IDNDRμ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜, 점차적으둜 μ‚¬νšŒκ²½μ œμ  μ•„μ  λ‹€λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³  μ •μΉ˜μ œλ„ λ„μž…μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±μ΄ 증가함에 따라 κ³Όν•™ 및 κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식이 κ°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(UNISDR, 2009). ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€μž¬μ•™μœΌλ‘œ κΌ½νžˆλŠ” 2004λ…„ 12μ›” μΈλ„μ–‘μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•œ 지진해일 이후 과학적인 방법을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 참사λ₯Ό ν”Όν•˜κ³ μž μ˜κ΅­μ •λΆ€λŠ” 2005λ…„ μžμ—°μž¬ν•΄ 싀무그룹(natural hazard working group)을 μ„€λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(UNISDR, 2009). μžμ—°μž¬ν•΄ 싀무그룹은 μžμ—°μž¬λ‚œ 탐지 및 쑰기경보λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜ ꡬ좕을 κΆŒκ³ ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이에 따라 2005λ…„ κ³ λ² μ—μ„œ 개졜된 WCDRμ—μ„œ λ‹€μ€‘μœ„ν—˜μš”μΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‘°κΈ°κ²½λ³΄μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±μ΄ μ œκΈ°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.

이후 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ° 및 관리에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ  및 μ§€ν˜•κ³΅κ°„μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ€ 널리 μΈμ§€λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μœΌλ©°, κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ μ§€ν˜•κ³΅κ°„μ •λ³΄μ˜ κ°œλ°œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 의제λ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜κ³  핡심적인 κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 지도적 역할을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 2011λ…„ UN-GGIM이 μ„€λ¦½λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.

2015λ…„μ—λŠ” SFDRR 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ κ°œλ°œμ„ μœ„ν•œ μ•„μ  λ‹€λ₯Ό 닀루고 μžˆλŠ” SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)와 기후변화에 λŒ€ν•œ μ•„μ  λ‹€λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” νŒŒλ¦¬ν˜‘μ •(Paris Agreement) λ“± μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ „ 세계에 μ΅œλŒ€ 3λŒ€ 관심사에 κ΄€ν•œ μ£Όμš” UN ν˜‘μ •μ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. UNISDR은 κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡭ제적인 아젠닀듀이 μ„œλ‘œ μ—°κ³„λ˜μ–΄μ•Όλ§Œ μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ˜ 효과λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  있으며, UN-GGIM은 SDGs λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§ ν‰κ°€μ§€ν‘œλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ SFDRR ν‰κ°€μ§€ν‘œμ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

2.4 HFA와 SFDRR 비ꡐ 뢄석

HFA 이행 평가 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄ μ°Έμ—¬ ꡭ가듀이 μž¬ν•΄ μœ„ν—˜μ„ μ €κ°μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ§Žμ€ λ…Έλ ₯듀이 이루어져 μ™”μœΌλ‚˜, 손싀 및 ν”Όν•΄ λ˜ν•œ μ¦κ°€ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄κ³ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. SFDRR은 HFA 이행에 λŒ€ν•œ 평가 및 κ²€ν† λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μž‘μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, κ°€μž₯ μ£Όμš”ν•œ λ³€ν™”λŠ” β€œμž¬λ‚œ(disasters)” κ΄€λ¦¬μ—μ„œ β€œμœ„ν—˜(risks)” κ΄€λ¦¬λ‘œμ˜ μ „ν™˜μ΄λ‹€(UNISDR, 2016). μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μœ„ν—˜μ„ 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ©°, HFA와 SFDRR의 차이λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄ 크게 7κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€.

첫째, 쀑점적인 ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œμ˜ 차이이닀. HFA의 경우 μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ κ²°κ³Όλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ •μ±… 및 기술 개발 λ“± νˆ¬μž…μš”μ†Œμ— μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ–΄ 있던 λ°˜λ©΄μ—, SFDRR은 νˆ¬μž… ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œ, κ²°κ³Ό ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œ, νˆ¬μž…νš¨κ³Ό ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 연계성을 λ„μΆœν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

λ‘˜μ§Έ, 쀑점적인 μœ„ν—˜μ˜ 차이이닀. HFAλŠ” 기쑴의 μœ„ν—˜μ„ μ€„μ΄λŠ”λ° 쀑점을 두어 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μœ„ν—˜μ˜ λ°œμƒμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 츑정을 ν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ SFDRRμ—μ„œλŠ” κΈ°μ‘΄ μœ„ν—˜μ„ μ€„μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μœ„ν—˜μ˜ λ°œμƒμ„ λ°©μ§€ν•˜κ³  μž¬ν•΄νšŒλ³΅λ ₯을 κ°•ν™”ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

μ…‹μ§Έ, μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ λ‹¨κ³„μ™€μ˜ 연계성이닀. HFAμ—μ„œλŠ” 각 κ΅­κ°€ λ‹¨μœ„μ—μ„œ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ λ‹¨κ³„λ§ˆλ‹€μ˜ 연계가 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” ν•œκ³„μ μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ™„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ SFDRRμ—μ„œλŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅ν•©λœ 단계별 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ΄€λ¦¬λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

λ„·μ§Έ, 정성적 μ§€ν‘œμ™€ μ •λŸ‰μ  μ§€ν‘œμ˜ 차이이닀. HFAμ—μ„œλŠ” 주관적 μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ£Όλ³€κ΅­κ³Όμ˜ μ§€μ‹κ³΅μœ μ— 어렀움이 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜, SFDRRμ—μ„œλŠ” λͺ©ν‘œ 및 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ •λŸ‰μ  μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•˜μ—¬ κ΅­κ°€ 경제규λͺ¨μ™€ 관계없이 비ꡐ가 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

λ‹€μ„―μ§Έ, μ±…μž„μ†Œμž¬μ˜ λͺ…확성이닀. HFAμ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ΄ν•΄κ΄€κ³„μžλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ±…μž„μ΄ 뢈λͺ…ν™•ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜, SFDRRμ—μ„œλŠ” 각 곡곡 정책듀에 λŒ€ν•œ κ΄€λ ¨ μ±…μž„μžμ™€ μ΄ν•΄κ΄€κ³„μžλ“€μ„ λͺ…μ‹œν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

μ—¬μ„―μ§Έ, κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ μ•„μ  λ‹€μ™€μ˜ 연계성 여뢀이닀. HFAλŠ” MDGs (Millenium Development Goals) 및 κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³Όμ˜ λͺ…ν™•ν•œ 연계성이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, SFDRRμ—μ„œλŠ” SDGs와 κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”ν˜‘μ•½μ— λŒ€ν•œ 연계성을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€.

일곱째, μž¬ν•΄ κ΄€λ ¨ μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬μ—¬λΆ€μ΄λ‹€. HFAλ₯Ό μ΄ν–‰ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œλŠ” μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜ κ΄€λ ¨ μ˜μ‚¬ 결정을 μœ„ν•œ 정보 지원이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ SFDRRμ—μ„œλŠ” μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해도 ν–₯상을 μœ„ν•œ μ •μ±… 및 기술적 ν•œκ³„ 뢄석과 우주기술, μ •λ³΄ν†΅μ‹ κΈ°μˆ  λ“±μ˜ ν˜μ‹ κΈ°μˆ  λ„μž…μ„ 핡심적인 μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€.

3. κ΅­λ‚΄ 이행 ν˜„ν™© 뢄석

3.1 HFA 이행 κ²°κ³Ό

HFA 이행을 톡해 μ •μ±…, μž…λ²•, κ³„νšμ— κ·Όκ±°ν•œ 정성적 평가λ₯Ό 톡해 ν–₯ν›„ μ •λŸ‰μ μœΌλ‘œ μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°λ°˜μ„ λ‹€μ Έλ†“μ•˜μœΌλ©°, μœ„κΈ°κ΄€λ¦¬ μ ‘κ·Όλ°©λ²•μ—μ„œ 사전 μœ„ν—˜κ°μ†Œ 및 μ•ˆμ „μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ ‘κ·Όλ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ „ν™˜λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€(UNISDR, 2013a).

HFA의 λ‹€μ„― 가지 행동강령 μ€‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜ν–‰λœ 행동강령은 β€˜μž¬ν•΄ μœ„ν—˜ 규λͺ…, 평가, λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§ 및 μ‘°κΈ° 경보 κ°•ν™”β€™λ‘œ, μœ„ν—˜μš”μΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§κ³Ό 쑰기경보의 κ°œμ„ μ„ 톡해 수 천 λͺ…μ˜ 생λͺ…을 κ΅¬ν–ˆμœΌλ©° κ³Όν•™κ³Ό 정책이 효과적으둜 톡합될 λ•Œ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ„ 달성할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 행동강령 3κ³Ό 4μ—μ„œ 달성이 λ―ΈλΉ„ν•œ κ²ƒμ—μ„œλ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄ μœ„ν—˜μ˜ 근본적인 원인을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  이λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œλŠ” 어렀움이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€(Pearson and Pelling, 2015).

ν•œκ΅­μ˜ β€œHFA 이행에 κ΄€ν•œ κ΅­κ°€μ§„ν–‰λ³΄κ³ μ„œ(2011-2013)” (Government of Republic of Korea, 2013)에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μ „λž΅λͺ©ν‘œ 1κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ μž¬λ‚œμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ μœ„ν—˜μ„ μ €κ°μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 기후변화에 λŒ€μ‘ν•˜λŠ” μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬λ₯Ό κ°•ν™”μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 쒅합적인 κ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½μ„ 진행해왔닀. 이에 따라 κ΄€λ ¨ λΆ€μ²˜λ“€μ€ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— λŒ€ν•œ 투자λ₯Ό μ¦κ°€μ‹œμΌ°μœΌλ©°, μ§€λ°©μ •λΆ€λŠ” λ„μ‹œκ³„νšμ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œ ν™μˆ˜μ™„ν™”κ³„νšμ„ ν•„μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ ν¬ν•¨μ‹œν‚€λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

μ „λž΅λͺ©ν‘œ 2λ₯Ό λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 비상상황 λ°œμƒ μ‹œ μ‹œλ―Όμ‚¬νšŒ, 지방정뢀, κ΅°λŒ€ λ“± νƒ€κΈ°κ΄€μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 이용 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μžμ›μ„ ν• λ‹Ήλ°›μŒμœΌλ‘œμ¨ μž¬ν•΄μ™„ν™” 및 μž¬λ‚œμƒν™©μ— λŒ€μ‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ§€μ—­μ˜ 자발적인 μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μœ„μ›νšŒκ°€ 쑰직될 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

μ „λž΅λͺ©ν‘œ 3에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μž¬λ‚œ 원인을 ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³  μž¬λ°œμ„ λ°©μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ§€μ—­λ‹¨μœ„μ˜ μ’…ν•©λ³΅κ΅¬κ³„νšκ³Ό μ—­λŸ‰κ°œλ°œν”„λ ˆμž„μ›Œν¬κ°€ μˆ˜λ¦½λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이에 따라 μž¬ν•΄μœ ν˜•κ³Ό 지역 νŠΉμ„±μ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ μ‘°κΈ°κ²½λ³΄μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ μ§€μ—­λ‹¨μœ„μ—μ„œ κ°œλ°œλ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, κ°€λ­„, 폭우, 황사 λ“± μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μœ„ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜λΆ„μ„ 및 λŒ€μ‘ λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ΄ μ œκ³΅λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.

HFAλ₯Ό μ΄ν–‰ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ²½κ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 정책듀이 수립되고 κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ΄ κ°œλ°œλ˜μ–΄μ™”λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν™œλ™λ“€μ΄ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μž¬ν•΄λ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μ €κ°μ‹œμΌ°λŠ”μ§€ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ β€œ2016년도 κ΅­λ―Όμ•ˆμ „μ²˜ 톡계연보”(MPSS, 2016)μ—μ„œ 2006λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2015λ…„κΉŒμ§€ μžμ—°μž¬ν•΄ 및 μ‚¬νšŒμž¬λ‚œμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ 인λͺ…ν”Όν•΄(사망, μ‹€μ’…)λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, κ·Έ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” Fig. 1κ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. Fig. 1μ—μ„œ x-좕은 μ‚¬λ§μž λ˜λŠ” μ‹€μ’…μž 수이며, y-좕은 ν•΄λ‹Ή 연도λ₯Ό λœ»ν•œλ‹€.

Fig. 1.

Loss of Lives caused by Disasters (2006-2015)

Figure_KSCE_37_4_13_F1.jpg

Fig. 1μ—μ„œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄ 2014λ…„κ³Ό 2015년에 μž¬ν•΄λ‘œ 인해 μƒλ‹Ήν•œ 인λͺ…손싀이 λ°œμƒν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©°, 2009λ…„ μ‹ μ’… μΈν”Œλ£¨μ—”μž, 2014λ…„ μ„Έμ›”ν˜Έ 사고, 2015λ…„ λ©”λ₯΄μŠ€ λ“± μ‚¬νšŒμž¬λ‚œμ΄ λŒ€ν˜• 인λͺ…ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό λ°œμƒμ‹œν‚¨ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보여진닀. 이 사건듀은 μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ΄ˆλ™λŒ€μ‘μ˜ 미흑과 μ‹ μ†ν•œ μ •λ³΄μ œκ³΅μ˜ μ–΄λ €μ›€μœΌλ‘œ 인해 큰 ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 지적을 λ°›μ•˜λ‹€(Maeil Business Newspaper, 2015).

μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ μΈμ§€ν•˜κ³  κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ •μ±…κ³Ό μ œλ„κ°€ μˆ˜λ¦½λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜, μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ μž¬λ‚œ ν”Όν•΄μ˜ 경감은 확인할 수 μ—†μ—ˆμœΌλ©° 근본적인 μž¬λ‚œ 원인에 λŒ€ν•œ ν•΄κ²°κ³Ό 포괄적인 접근방법을 μ΄μš©ν•œ μ „λž΅μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ΄€λ¦¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 쀑앙 및 지방 μ •λΆ€λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ―Όκ°„λΆ€λ¬Έ λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ κ°œμž…ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ²•μ Β·μ œλ„μ  방침을 톡해 μ±…μž„μ†Œμž¬λ₯Ό λͺ…ν™•νžˆ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ΄€λ¦¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ 규λͺ¨μ™€ λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό ν™•μž₯μ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€.

3.2 SFDRR 채택 이후 κ΅­λ‚΄ 동ν–₯

SFDRR 채택에 λ”°λ₯Έ κ΅­λ‚΄ 이행과정을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 9개 μ€‘μ•™λΆ€μ²˜λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ SFDRR 채택 이후인 2016λ…„κ³Ό 2017λ…„μ˜ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ° κ΄€λ ¨ μ—…λ¬΄μΆ”μ§„κ³„νšμ„ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” 예방, λŒ€λΉ„, λŒ€μ‘, 볡ꡬ의 4λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„λ˜κ³  있으며, 이에 따라 μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ μ •μ±… 및 κ³„νšμ„ μΆ”μ§„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ€‘μ•™λΆ€μ²˜μ—μ„œ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ° κ΄€λ ¨ κ³„νšμ„ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ λ‹¨κ³„λ³„λ‘œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄ Fig. 2와 κ°™λ‹€. Fig. 2μ—μ„œ x-좕은 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ° κ΄€λ ¨ μΆ”μ§„κ³„νš 수이며, y-좕은 κ³„νšμ„ μΆ”μ§„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ •λΆ€λΆ€μ²˜λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€.

Fig. 2.

Number of DRR Plans by Phase of Disaster Management (2016-2017)

Figure_KSCE_37_4_13_F2.jpg

뢄석결과 총 371건의 κ³„νš 쀑 예방이 49.9%, λŒ€λΉ„κ°€ 32.1%둜 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ³„νšμ΄ 예방과 λŒ€λΉ„μ— μΉ˜μ€‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” λ°˜λ©΄μ—, 볡ꡬ κ³„νšμ€ 1.6%둜 λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.

Fig. 3은 SFDRR의 4가지 ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„μ— 따라 9개 μ€‘μ•™λΆ€μ²˜λ³„ 2016λ…„κ³Ό 2017λ…„μ˜ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ° κ΄€λ ¨ μ—…λ¬΄μΆ”μ§„κ³„νšμ„ λΆ„μ„ν•œ 것이닀. ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 1이 40.4%, ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 4κ°€ 35.8%둜 λ§Žμ€ 비쀑을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μž¬ν•΄νšŒλ³΅λ ₯ ꡬ좕을 μœ„ν•œ 투자(ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 3)에 λŒ€ν•œ κ³„νšμ΄ λ―Έν‘ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.

Fig. 3.

Number of DRR Plans by SFDRR Priority (2016-2017)

Figure_KSCE_37_4_13_F3.jpg

μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ„ μœ„ν•œ κ΅­λ‚΄ 각 μ •λΆ€λΆ€μ²˜λ“€μ€ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³ , 빅데이터 기반 μ•ˆμ „κ΄€λ¦¬, λ“œλ‘ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ μ•ˆμ „μ κ²€, κ°€μƒν˜„μ‹€μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ μ•ˆμ „Β·κ΅μœ‘ 컨텐츠 λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ²¨λ‹¨κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

μ •λΆ€μ˜ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ  연ꡬ 개발 ν˜„ν™©μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ΅­κ°€κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ‹¬μ˜νšŒ(National Science & Technology Council, NSTC)μ—μ„œ λ°œν‘œν•œ β€œμ œ2μ°¨ μž¬λ‚œ 및 μ•ˆμ „κ΄€λ¦¬κΈ°μˆ κ°œλ°œ μ’…ν•©κ³„νš(’13~’17) 2017년도 μ‹œν–‰κ³„νš(μ•ˆ)”(NSTC, 2017)을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. Fig. 4λŠ” 2010λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2017λ…„κΉŒμ§€ μž¬λ‚œΒ·μ•ˆμ „ R&D 사업에 λŒ€ν•œ μ •λΆ€ νˆ¬μžλΉ„μš©μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ, κΎΈμ€€νžˆ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” μΆ”μ„Έλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³  μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ 2014λ…„λΆ€ν„° κΈ‰κ²©ν•œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 2014λ…„ λ°œμƒν•œ μ„Έμ›”ν˜Έ 사고 이후 μž¬λ‚œ 및 μ•ˆμ „κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ΄ λŒ€λ‘λ¨μ— 따라 μž¬λ‚œ 및 μ•ˆμ „κ΄€λ¦¬κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•œ νˆ¬μžκ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보여진닀.

Fig. 4.

Amount of Budget of Disaster Safety R&D Field

Figure_KSCE_37_4_13_F4.jpg

2017λ…„ μž¬λ‚œΒ·μ•ˆμ „ λΆ„μ•Ό R&D μ •λΆ€μ˜ νˆ¬μžκ³„νš 비쀑은 λ―Έλž˜μ°½μ‘°κ³Όν•™λΆ€κ°€ 1,822μ–΅ μ›μœΌλ‘œ 투자규λͺ¨κ°€ κ°€μž₯ 크며, κ΅­λ―Όμ•ˆμ „μ²˜λŠ” 600μ–΅ μ›μœΌλ‘œ μ•½ 7.7%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•œλ‹€. μž¬λ‚œμœ ν˜•λ³„λ‘œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄ μ‚¬νšŒμž¬λ‚œ(60.0%), μžμ—°μž¬λ‚œ(13.9%), μ•ˆμ „μ‚¬κ³ (11.9%), λ³΅ν•©μž¬λ‚œ(6.9%), 기타(7.3%)둜 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ 있으며, μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ 단계별 νˆ¬μžν˜„ν™©μ€ 예방(45.5%), λŒ€λΉ„(34.0%), λŒ€μ‘(18.8%), 볡ꡬ(1.8%)둜 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€(NSTC, 2017). κ³Όκ±°μ—λŠ” ν™μˆ˜, 지진 λ“± μžμ—°μž¬λ‚œμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄κ°€ λ‹€μˆ˜ λ°œμƒν•˜μ˜€λ˜ λ°˜λ©΄μ— μ΅œκ·Όμ—λŠ” μ„Έμ›”ν˜Έ, λ©”λ₯΄μŠ€ λ“± μ‚¬νšŒμž¬λ‚œμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄κ°€ 급증함에 따라 이λ₯Ό μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ κ°œλ°œμ— νˆ¬μžκ°€ μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

Fig. 5λŠ” 총 14개 λΆ€μ²˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 668건의 μΆ”μ§„κ³Όμ œλ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ SFDRR 4가지 ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μž¬λ‚œ 및 μ•ˆμ „κΈ°μˆ κ°œλ°œ 과제λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•œ 것이닀. Fig. 5μ—μ„œ x-좕은 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ° κ΄€λ ¨ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ λΆ„μ•Ό νˆ¬μžμ˜ˆμ‚°μ΄λ©°, y-좕은 투자λ₯Ό λ°›λŠ” μ •λΆ€λΆ€μ²˜λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€.

ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 4와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ κ³Όμ œκ°€ 79.7%둜 κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ 비쀑을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, ICT, λ“œλ‘ , 빅데이터 λ“± μ‹ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μž¬ν•΄κ΄€λ¦¬ μ—­λŸ‰μ„ κ°•ν™”ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보인닀. ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 1κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ κ³Όμ œλŠ” 15.8%둜 κΈ°μ‘΄ μž¬ν•΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석 및 μ›μΈκ·œλͺ…κ³Ό λ°œμƒκ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλŠ” μž¬ν•΄μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λ©°, ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 2와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ κ³Όμ œλŠ” 4.5%둜 μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ²΄κ³„ κ°œμ„  및 ν‘œμ€€ν™”λ₯Ό 톡해 μž¬λ‚œ 및 μ•ˆμ „κ΄€λ¦¬μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

Fig. 5.

Amount of Budget by SFDRR Priority

Figure_KSCE_37_4_13_F5.jpg

μž¬λ‚œΒ·μ•ˆμ „κ΄€λ¦¬ 뢄야에 λŒ€ν•œ νˆ¬μžλΉ„μ€‘μ€ κΎΈμ€€νžˆ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  있으며, μ΄λŠ” μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ—μ„œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ˜ 역할이 그만큼 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μ‘ŒμŒμ„ 보여주고 μžˆλ‹€. κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μž¬λ‚œ 및 μ•ˆμ „κ΄€λ¦¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ  μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ꡭ제적인 동ν–₯에 λ°œλ§žμΆ”μ–΄ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κ³  있으며, κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ€ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λŠμž„μ—†λŠ” λ…Έλ ₯이 ν•„μš”ν•  것이닀. λ˜ν•œ 볡ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯이 비ꡐ적 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 졜근 μ‚¬νšŒμž¬λ‚œμ˜ λ°œμƒμ΄ 증가함에 따라 이λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ 회볡 및 μž¬κ±΄μ„ μœ„ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ Β·μ •μ±…μ  λ°œμ „μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ£Œλœλ‹€.

3.3 SFDRR 이행을 μœ„ν•œ κ°œμ„ λ°©ν–₯

μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ  및 μ§€ν˜•κ³΅κ°„μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ΄ λŒ€λ‘λ¨μ— 따라 κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλ„ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹ κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•œ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ° κ΄€λ ¨ μ •μ±… 및 κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ •μ±… 및 κΈ°μˆ κ°œλ°œμ€ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ 단계 쀑 예방과 λŒ€λΉ„ 단계에 μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€. SFDRR ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 4μ—μ„œλŠ” 회볡 및 재건 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œμ˜ 더 λ‚˜μ€ ꡬ좕을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  있으며, 이에 따라 볡ꡬ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ μž¬ν•΄νšŒλ³΅λ ₯ ꡬ좕에 κΈ°μ—¬ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ •μ±… 및 기술의 개발이 μš”κ΅¬λœλ‹€.

λ˜ν•œ SFDRR ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œλŠ” κ΅­κ°€μž¬ν•΄μ†μ‹€λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€, SFDRR κ΅­κ°€ μ΄ν–‰λ³΄κ³ μ„œ λ“±μ˜ μžλ£Œκ°€ μš”κ΅¬λ˜λ©°, ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λ‘œ ν†΅κ³„μ—­λŸ‰ κ΅¬μΆ•μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬ κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ΄μš©κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μž¬ν•΄κ΄€λ ¨ ν†΅κ³„λ°μ΄ν„°λŠ” κ΅­λ―Όμ•ˆμ „μ²˜μ—μ„œ μ œκ³΅λ˜λŠ” μž¬ν•΄μ—°λ³΄μ™€ μž¬λ‚œμ—°κ°μ΄ μžˆλ‹€. μž¬ν•΄μ—°λ³΄μ˜ 경우 μ‹œκ΅°κ΅¬ λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ 데이터가 μ œκ³΅λ˜μ§€λ§Œ μž¬λ‚œμ—°κ°μ˜ 경우 μ‹œλ„ λ‹¨μœ„κΉŒμ§€ 밖에 μ œκ³΅λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°, SFDRR ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œμ—μ„œλŠ” μ„ΈλΆ„ν™”λœ 데이터가 μš”κ΅¬λ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν˜„μž¬ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ SFDRR ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œ ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 2016λ…„ 10μ›” μŠ€μœ„μŠ€ μ œλ„€λ°”μ—μ„œ μ§„ν–‰λœ μ •λΆ€ κ°„ 비곡식 μ „λ¬Έκ°€ νšŒμ˜μ—μ„œ λ°œν‘œλ˜μ—ˆλ˜ β€œSFDRR 7가지 λͺ©ν‘œ 평가λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œμ— λŒ€ν•œ νšŒμ›κ΅­ κ°„ 타당성 쑰사 결과”(Australia et al., 2016)μ—μ„œλŠ” 17개 ꡭ가에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œ 평가 κ°€λŠ₯성을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό 일본을 ν¬ν•¨ν•œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ SFDRR ν•΅μ‹¬μ§€ν‘œ 평가λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 톡계데이터 ꡬ좕이 μ‹œκΈ‰ν•œ 싀정이닀.

μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œλŠ” EU νšŒμ›κ΅­λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μž¬ν•΄ 및 손싀 자료 ꡬ좕에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°€μ΄λ“œλΌμΈμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°€μ΄λ“œλΌμΈμ€ UN-ISDRμ—μ„œ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 각각의 λΆ„μ„λ‹¨μœ„λ³„ ν†΅κ³„μžλ£Œ ꡬ좕에 μš©μ΄ν•˜κ²Œ ν™œμš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€(EU, 2015). λ˜ν•œ μΌλ³Έμ—μ„œλŠ” GCDS (Global Centre for Disaster Statistics)λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜μ—¬ 타ꡭ가에 κ΅­κ°€μž¬ν•΄μ†μ‹€λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€ ꡬ좕 지원을 톡해 SFDRRκ³Ό SDGs의 이행과정 λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§μ„ μ§€μ›ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(Ono, 2015). κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 톡계청을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬ SDGs μ§€ν‘œ 평가λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ΅­κ°€ν†΅κ³„μ˜ 개발 및 κ°œμ„  μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(Statistics Korea, 2016). SDGs μ§€ν‘œμ™€ SFDRR μ§€ν‘œλŠ” 일정뢀뢄 μ—°κ³„λ˜μ–΄ 있으며, μž¬ν•΄ κ΄€λ ¨ ν†΅κ³„μžλ£Œ μž‘μ„±μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œλ„ SFDRR μ§€ν‘œ 평가λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•œ κ°œμ„ μ΄ μš”κ΅¬λœλ‹€.

μ •μ±…κ²°μ •μ˜ κΈ°λ°˜μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όν•™ 및 기술의 역할은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 뢄야에 걸쳐 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©°, HFAμ—μ„œ SFDRR으둜 μ „ν™˜λ¨μ— 따라 κ³Όν•™, 기술, ν˜μ‹ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 역할이 κ°•μ‘°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€(Calkins, 2015; Carabine, 2015). μž¬ν•΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³  μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ„ μœ„ν•œ 해결책을 νƒμƒ‰ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œ κ³΅κ°„μ •λ³΄μ˜ μˆ˜μ§‘μ€ ν•„μˆ˜μ μ΄λΌκ³  ν•  수 있으며, 졜근 μœ„μ„±κΈ°μˆ , ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 기반 데이터, 빅데이터 λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μž¬ν•΄μ •λ³΄λ₯Ό μ·¨λ“ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ΄ 개발되고 μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 기술의 진보와 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ 이λ₯Ό 지원할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ •μ±… 및 ꡐ윑 지원을 톡해 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€λœλ‹€.

4. κ²° λ‘ 

기후변화와 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ μž¬ν•΄λ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄λŠ” 점차적으둜 μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μΆ”μ„Έλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μž¬ν•΄λ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μ €κ°μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μš”μ½”ν•˜λ§ˆ μ „λž΅, HFA, SFDRR λ“±μ˜ μ•„μ  λ‹€λ₯Ό 톡해 ꡭ제적으둜 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ„ μœ„ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯듀이 이루어져 μ™”λ‹€.

λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 2015λ…„ HFAκ°€ μ’…λ£Œλ˜κ³  SFDRR이 μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ 채택됨에 따라 두 아젠닀에 λŒ€ν•΄ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  μ£Όμš” λ³€ν™” λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜μœΌλ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ•„μ  λ‹€μ˜ 이행에 따라 κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ°œμƒν–ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λ„μΆœν•œ μ£Όμš” 결둠은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€.

첫째, HFAμ—μ„œ SFDRR으둜 μ „ν™˜λ¨μ— 따라 μž¬λ‚œμ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹Œ μž¬λ‚œ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κ°œλ…μ΄ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, κΈ°μ‘΄ μœ„ν—˜λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μœ„ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ€€λΉ„ 및 μž¬ν•΄ νšŒλ³΅νƒ„λ ₯μ„± κ°•ν™”λ₯Ό κ°•μ‘°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ SDGs와 κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” ν˜‘μ•½κ³Όμ˜ 연계성을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  있으며, κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ  및 κ΄€λ ¨ μ •μ±…μ˜ λ„μž…μ„ ν†΅ν•œ μž¬ν•΄κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€.

λ‘˜μ§Έ, HFA 이행에 λ”°λ₯Έ κ΅­λ‚΄ 동ν–₯을 λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œ HFA 이행에 따라 각 λΆ€μ²˜λ³„ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ ν™œλ™μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜, μ‹€μ œ μž¬ν•΄λ‘œ μΈν•œ 인λͺ…ν”Όν•΄λŠ” μ¦κ°€ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. μž¬ν•΄λ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μ €κ°μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 근본적인 μž¬λ‚œ 원인을 ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 포괄적인 접근방법을 ν†΅ν•œ μž¬λ‚œ μœ„ν—˜ 관리가 μš”κ΅¬λœλ‹€.

μ…‹μ§Έ, SFDRR 채택에 λ”°λ₯Έ κ΅­λ‚΄ 동ν–₯을 λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ 단계 쀑 예방(49.9%)κ³Ό λŒ€λΉ„(32.1%) ν™œλ™ κ΄€λ ¨ κ³„νšμ΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ 이루고 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 1(40.4%)κ³Ό 4(35.8%)에 ν•΄λ‹Ήλ˜λŠ” κ³„νšμ΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 볡ꡬλ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬λ‹¨κ³„λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ SFDRR의 4가지 μš°μ„ ν–‰λ™μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•œ 접근방법이 ν•„μš”ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ£Œλœλ‹€.

λ„·μ§Έ, SFDRR 이행에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ  μ—­ν• μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  있으며, κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλ„ 이λ₯Ό μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³  μ²¨λ‹¨κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 2000λ…„λŒ€μ— λ“€μ–΄μ„œλ©΄μ„œ μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ° κ΄€λ ¨ κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ λΆ„μ•Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ νˆ¬μžλΉ„μ€‘μ΄ κΎΈμ€€νžˆ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” μΆ”μ„Έλ₯Ό 보이고 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, SFDRR ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„μ— 따라 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄ ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 4에 ν•΄λ‹Ήλ˜λŠ” κ³Όμ œμ— 79.9%의 νˆ¬μžλΉ„μ€‘μ΄ μΉ˜μ€‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄ 4가지 ν–‰λ™μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ κ³ λ €ν•œ νˆ¬μžκ°€ 이루어져야 ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λœλ‹€.

SFDRR은 2015λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2030λ…„κΉŒμ§€ 15년에 걸쳐 μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ ν˜„μž¬ 이행 쀑에 있으며, μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ ꡭ제적 동ν–₯을 νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³  μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ„ μœ„ν•΄ κ΄€λ ¨ 기관듀이 λͺ¨λ‘ μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ SFDRR은 κ³Όν•™ 및 기술의 λ°œμ „κ³Ό 톡계 μ—­λŸ‰ κ΅¬μΆ•μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  있으며, 이λ₯Ό 지원할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ •μ±… 수립 및 ꡐ윑의 지원은 μž¬ν•΄μœ„ν—˜κ²½κ°μ— 효과적으둜 κΈ°μ—¬ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€λœλ‹€.

Acknowledgements

λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ •λΆ€(κ΅­λ―Όμ•ˆμ „μ²˜)의 μž¬μ›μœΌλ‘œ μž¬λ‚œμ•ˆμ „κΈ°μˆ κ°œλ°œμ‚¬μ—…λ‹¨μ˜ 지원을 λ°›μ•„ μˆ˜ν–‰λœ μ—°κ΅¬μž„ [MPSS-기반-2014-111]

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