Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ์—์Šค์•Œ์ด์—”์”จ (SR ENC)
  2. ํ•œ๋ฐญ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ (Hanbat National University)
  3. ํ•œ๋ฐญ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Hanbat National University)


Embankment, Piping, Seepage analysis, Leakage, Box culvert
์ œ์ฒด, ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘, ์นจํˆฌ ํ•ด์„, ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜, ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ ํ†ต๊ด€

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„

  •   2.1 ๋ชจ๋ธ

  •   2.2 ํ•ด์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด

  • 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

  •   3.1 ์นจ์œค์„ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”

  •   3.2 ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„

  •     3.2.1 ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜

  •     3.2.2 ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜

  •   3.3 ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ

  •     3.3.1 ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜

  •     3.3.1 ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜

  •     3.3.2 ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜

  •   3.4 ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••

  •   3.5 ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰

  • 4. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

ํ™์„ ์ฃผ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ฒœ ์ œ๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ œ์ฒด์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ œ์ฒด์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ์˜ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ œ์ฒด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›(KICT, 2005)์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด 2002๋…„ ์ œ๋ฐฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ”ผํ•ด ์ค‘ 2/3 ์ด์ƒ์ด ํ•˜์ฒœ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œ๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฉ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€, ์ฆ‰ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ™ ์ ‘์ด‰๋ฉด์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์›์ธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ 17,505๊ฐœ์†Œ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ค‘์—์„œ 17,383๊ฐœ์†Œ(99.3%)๊ฐ€ ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ํ•„๋Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ 30๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€๋Š” ์•ฝ 5% ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(ํ•œ๊ตญ๋†์–ด์ดŒ๊ณต์‚ฌ(KRCC), 2012). ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ œ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด Kim et al. (1992)์˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ• ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ผ์‚ฐ ์ œ๋ฐฉ ๋ถ•๊ดด, Han et al. (2002)์˜ ๋‚™๋™๊ฐ• ์ œ๋ฐฉ ๋ถ•๊ดด ๋“ฑ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ œ๋ฐฉ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ Canyon Lake ๋Œ ๋ถ•๊ดด(ํ•œ๊ตญ์‹œ์„ค์•ˆ์ „๊ณต๋‹จ(KISTEC), 2013), New Orleans์˜ ์ œ๋ฐฉ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋„์‹œ ์นจ์ˆ˜(Adams, 2011), ์ œ์ฒด ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์•„์ด๋‹คํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ Teton Dam (Wayne et al., 2008), 2002๋…„ ์—ฌ์ˆ˜ํ†  ์ ‘์†๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ตด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ๋ถ•๊ดด์— ์ด๋ฅธ ์žฅํ˜„์ €์ˆ˜์ง€, ๋™๋ง‰์ €์ˆ˜์ง€(Kim et al., 2011) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฐ๋Œ€์ €์ˆ˜์ง€(Choi, 2015)๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋ณตํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์ˆ˜ํ†  ๋“ฑ ์ œ๋ฐฉ ์ œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œ์ฒด์™€ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ™ ์ ‘์ด‰๋ฉด์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด piping์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ œ์ฒด ๋ถ•๊ดด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim, 2017).

์ œ์ฒด ๋ถ•๊ดด์˜ ์ฃผ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋†์—…์šฉ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•„๋Œ์—์„œ 108๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘(piping)์ด 45๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ•๊ดด์˜ 41.7% , ์›”๋ฅ˜(overflow)๊ฐ€ 40.7%์ธ 44๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘๊ณผ ์›”๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„๋Œ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Sim, 2011).

์ œ์ฒด ๋ถ•๊ดด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์›”๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€(Kim et al., 2011; Lee, 2011; Park, 2015)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ต๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํŒŒ์†์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ ์ œ์ฒด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ์ œ์ฒด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ œ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์นจํˆฌ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ์ œ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์งˆ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ณต๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ ํ†ต๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ถ€๋“ฑ ์นจํ•˜ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŒŒ์†์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์†๋˜์–ด ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์™ธํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ œ์ฒด ์†์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์ฒด ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€์˜ ์ œ์ฒด ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ œ์ฒด ํ†ต๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์†๋˜์–ด ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด๊ณผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด 2์ฐจ์›  ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„

2.1 ๋ชจ๋ธ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ 2013๋…„ ๋ณตํ†ต ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘์ด ์ œ์ฒด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„ ์ด๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ OO์ €์ˆ˜์ง€์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. OO์ €์ˆ˜์ง€๋Š” ์ œ์ฒด ๋†’์ด(H) 12.5m, ์ œ์ฒด ๊ธธ์ด(L) 210m๋กœ์„œ 1964๋…„ ์ถ•์กฐ๋˜์–ด 2013๋…„ ๋ถ•๊ดด ๋‹น์‹œ 50๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋œ ๋…ธํ›„์‹œ์„ค๋กœ์„œ ์ด ์ €์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 246,000m3์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ•๊ดด์ „ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ œ์›์€ Fig. 1(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ํ•„๋Œ ํ˜•์‹์ด๋‹ค(ํ•œ๊ตญ๋†์–ด์ดŒ๊ณต์‚ฌ(KRCC), 2014). ์ œ์ฒด ํ†ต๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ•๊ดด์ „ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ํ•„๋Œ ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ์ œ์ฒด ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Fig. 1(a)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€(๊ตญํ† ํ•ด์–‘๋ถ€(MLTMA), 2011)์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ํ•„๋Œ ํ˜•์‹์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Kim, 2017).

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ 2,877๊ฐœ์˜ ์š”์†Œ์™€ 3,553๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ œ์ฒด ๋†’์ด์˜ ์•ฝ 1/30๋กœ์„œ 0.4m ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด์„์‹œ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์€ ๋™์ผ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์œ ์ง€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1.

Cross Section of Numerical Analysis (Kim, 2017)

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F1.jpg

2.2 ํ•ด์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด

์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ต๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ ๋ณธ ์ œ์ฒด์™€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์ œ์ฒด ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก์ธ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€์ธก(์ดํ•˜ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก)๊ณผ ์ œ์ฒด ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก(์ดํ•˜ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก)์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ณต ์‹œ ๋ณธ ์ œ์ฒด์™€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ† ์งˆ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์„ฑํ† ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์งˆ์ ์ธ ์„ฑํ† ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‹œ๊ณต ์ดํ›„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์นจํ•˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ œ์ฒด์— ๋งค์„ค๋˜๋Š” ํ†ต๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ํŒŒ์†์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒฉ์ด ์šฐ๋ ค๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim, 2017).

Fig. 2์™€ Fig. 3์€ ๋ชจ๋ธํ•ด์„ ์š”์†Œ๋ง ๋ฐ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ œ์ฒด์˜ ์นจํˆฌ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ์˜ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ์ œ์ฒด์™€ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ์ œ์ฒด์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ์œ„์น˜ A (๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์ƒ๋ถ€: A1, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ํ•˜๋ถ€: A2), ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก ์œ„์น˜ B (๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์ƒ๋ถ€: B1, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ํ•˜๋ถ€: B2)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 2.

Location of Leakage Occurs

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F2.jpg
Fig. 3.

Detail of Leakage Location

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F3.jpg

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ์ด ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ €์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ํ•ด์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€์™€ ์ ‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ƒ์Šน ์‹œ ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ซํ˜€ ์žˆ์–ด ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋Š” ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์š”์†Œ๋ง์€ 0.1m์˜ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ์ ˆ์ ์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ† ์งˆ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ํˆฌ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์ˆ˜(k=http://static.apub.kr/journalsite/sites/ksce/2017-037-05/N0110370502/imagesPICBB1D.gifm/day)๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์†๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ํ†ต๊ด€๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ํ†ต๊ด€์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ถˆํˆฌ์ˆ˜์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ƒ์œ„์น˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์€ Fig. 3์˜ A1, A2, B1, B2 ์œ„์น˜์— ํญ 0.05m์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํˆฌ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 

Fig. 4๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ P1 ๋ฐ P2๋Š” A1๊ณผ B1์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ž„์˜๋กœ x์ถ•์œผ๋กœ 0.5m, y์ถ•์œผ๋กœ 0.5m ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ถœ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 

Fig. 4.

Analysis Location of Pore Water Pressure

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F4.jpg

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ œ์ฒด ํ•˜๋ถ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆํˆฌ์ˆ˜์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ํ•ด์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ œ์ฒด์˜ ํ† ์งˆ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์ œ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ† ์งˆ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. Fig. 5๋Š” ๋ณธ ์ œ์ฒด๋ถ€์™€ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€ ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ž…๋„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(Kim, 2017).

Table 1. Soil Properties (KRCC, 2014; Ryu, 2000; Kim, 2017) Table_KSCE_37_05_02_T1.jpg

๋ถˆํฌํ™” ํ•จ์ˆ˜ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒด์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋น„์™€ ๋ถ€๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••(negative pore water pressure)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ณธ ์ œ์ฒด์˜ ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์„ฑํ† ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ•ํ’ํ™”ํ† ๋กœ์„œ  Ryu (1997)์˜ ์„ฑํ™˜ ํ™”๊ฐ•ํ’ํ™”ํ†  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ ์„ฑํ†  ์ž๋ฃŒ(GeoStudio, 2007)๋ฅผ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํฌํ™” ํˆฌ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ถ€๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ์™€์˜ ์ผ์น˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Fredlund and Xing (1994)์˜ ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒด์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋น„์™€ ๋ถ€๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Kim, 2017).

Fig. 5.

Grain Size Distribution Curve of Soils (KRCC, 2014; Ryu, 2000; Kim, 2017 )

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F5.jpg

ํ•ด์„ ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์œ„๋Š” ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ œ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ•๊ดดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ(Son and Lee, 2013)๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ €์ˆ˜์œ„์—์„œ 3์ผ๊ฐ„ 10.7m๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ 17์ผ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์Šน๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ดํ›„ 2์ผ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” Fig. 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(Kim, 2017). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์€ 2์ฐจ์› ํ•ด์„์œผ๋กœ SEEP/W (2007)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 6.

Water Level at Numerical Analysis (Kim, 2017)

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F6.jpg

3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

3.1 ์นจ์œค์„ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Fig. 7์€ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ํ†ต๊ด€ ์†์ƒ๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œ์ฒด์˜ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์นจ์œค์„ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ์œ„์น˜ A์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์นจ์œค์„ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” Fig. 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. Fig. 8(a)์˜ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์นจ์œค์„ ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ƒ์Šน ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” Fig. 7(a)์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ €ํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 8(b)์˜ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์นจ์œค์„ (Fig. 7(b))์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ œ์ฒด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ชฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜ ์™„๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์นจ์œค์„ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํˆฌ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ์นจํˆฌ ์ง€์ฒด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ณธ์ œ์ฒด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํˆฌ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์„ธ๋ฆฝํ† ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€๋Š” ํˆฌ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด 1/100 ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ž‘์•„ ์นจํˆฌ ์ง€์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7.

Change of Phreatic Line when No Leakage

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F7.jpg
Fig. 8.

Change of Phreatic Line when Leakage Occurs on the Upstream Side

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F8.jpg

Fig. 9๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก ์œ„์น˜ B์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์นจ์œค์„  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ Fig. 9(a)์˜ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ์นจ์œค์„ ์ด ํ†ต๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์นจ์œค์„ ์ด ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ์ „๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 9(b)์˜ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์นจ์œค์„ ์ด ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜ ์™„๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์นจ์œค์„  ์œ„์น˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ œ์ฒด ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 9.

Change of Phreatic Line when Leakage Occurs on the Downstream Side

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F9.jpg

๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ œ์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ํŒŒ์† ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์™ธํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์นจ์œค์„ ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด ์ฃผ์˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ ํ†ต๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ์ด ๋‹ซํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ œ์ฒด ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์นจ์œค์„ ์ด ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์นจ์œค์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜๋ฉด ํ†ต๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ํŒŒ์†์ด๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„

3.2.1 ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜

Fig. 10์€ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  Table 2๋Š” ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ Justin์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์œ ์†(ํ•œ๊ตญ์ˆ˜์ž์›ํ•™ํšŒ(KWRA), 2009)์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ณ„์œ ์† ์‚ฐ์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ณ„์œ ์†์€ ๋ณธ ์ œ์ฒด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ณธ ์ œ์ฒด์™€ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ œ์ฒด ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ณธ ์ œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ํ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 10.

Change of Flow Velocity when Leakage Occurs on the Upstream Side (Location A)

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F10.jpg

์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์นจ์œค์„ ์ด ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์นจํˆฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฐจ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์ดํ›„ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋„ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ƒ์Šน ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ด€ํ•˜๋ถ€์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ดํ›„ 20์ผ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์˜ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 2~3์ผ ๋” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋Š” ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์˜ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์•ฝ 1.7๋ฐฐ, ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์•ฝ 2.5๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋Š” ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ด ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํฌ๊ณ , ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ด ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Table 2์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ A1 ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋žต 40๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ํฐ ์œ ์†์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ A1์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ Justin์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์œ ์†๊ณผ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 2. Critical Velocity (Location A) Table_KSCE_37_05_02_T2.jpg

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ†ต๊ด€์— ํŒŒ์† ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒฉ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์†์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ฒด์— ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€๋ณด๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„์™€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์œ ์†๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ค์ œ ์ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์š”์†Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์šฉ ์•ˆ์ „์œจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์œ ์†์— ์•ˆ์ „์œจ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ ์นจํˆฌ์œ ์†์ด ํ•œ๊ณ„์œ ์†๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ œ์ฒด ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ํ›ผ์†๋  ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค(Kim, 2017).

3.2.2 ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜

Fig. 11์€ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , Table 3์€ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„์œ ์† ์‚ฐ์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ณ„์œ ์† ์‚ฐ์ • ์‹œ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ† ์งˆ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์€ ๋ณธ ์ œ์ฒด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ† ์งˆ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Kim, 2017).

Fig. 11.

Change of Flow Velocity when Leakage Occurs on the Downstream Side (Location B)

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F11.jpg
Table 3. Critical Velocity (Location B) Table_KSCE_37_05_02_T3.jpg

์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์นจํˆฌ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ํ›„๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์ง€์ ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์–ด ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์€ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์นจ์œค์„ ์ด ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์นจํˆฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฐจ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์ดํ›„ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋„ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ท ์ผํ˜•๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์œ„์น˜ A์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ B1 ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋žต 30๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ํฐ ์œ ์†์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ์œ ์†์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ œ์ฒด๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ž…์žํฌ๊ธฐ, ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ํ†ต๊ด€ ์†์ƒ๋ถ€์˜ ํญ, ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Justin์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์œ ์†๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ„์น˜ B1์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์œ ์† ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 31%, ์œ„์น˜ B2๋Š” ์•ฝ 7%์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ B1์€ ์•ฝ 75%, B2๋Š” ์•ฝ 26%๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ƒ๋ถ€ B1์—์„œ์˜ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ๋ณธ ํ•ด์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์€ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋น„ํ•ด 1/8 ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” 1/13 ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ์ฒด์•ˆ์ •์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.3 ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ

3.3.1 ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜

Fig. 12๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜ A์—์„œ์˜ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ˆ˜์œ„์ƒ์Šน์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, Table 4๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜๊ณตํ•™์  ๊ด€์  ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ฒœ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ยทํ•ด์„ค(ํ•œ๊ตญ์ˆ˜์ž์›ํ•™ํšŒ(KWRA), 2009)๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ์‚ฐ์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 12.

Change of Hydraulic Gradient when Leakage Occurs on the Upstream Side (Location A)

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F12.jpg

๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜ A์—์„œ์˜ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ ์นจ์œค์„ ์ด ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์œ„๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์นจํˆฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฐจ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์ดํ›„ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋„ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ƒ์Šน ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์˜ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์— ๋จผ์ € ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ 20์ผ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์˜ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์˜ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 1~2์ผ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์˜ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ฝ 2.8๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์˜ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 4์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•œ๊ณ„๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜ A1์—์„œ์˜ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์˜ 7๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ œ์ฒด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜ A2์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€๋น„ 2๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ œ์ฒด์˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 4. Critical Hydraulic Gradient (Location A) Table_KSCE_37_05_02_T4.jpg

ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 3๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ํฐ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ œ์ฒด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” 0.29์ด๊ณ , ๊ท ์งˆํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” 0.18์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.3.2 ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜

Fig. 13 ๋ฐ Table 5๋Š” ์ œ์ฒด ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜์ธ B์—์„œ์˜ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ์‚ฐ์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 13.

Change of Hydraulic Gradient when Leakage Occurs on the Downstream Side (Location B)

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F13.jpg
Table 5. Critical Hydraulic Gradient (Location B)Table_KSCE_37_05_02_T5.jpg

์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์นจํˆฌ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ํ›„๋ฉด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์–ด ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์œ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ์œ ์ง€ ์‹œ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ํˆฌ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์„ธ๋ฆฝํ† ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์„œ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์นจ์œค์„ ์ด ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์นจํˆฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฐจ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์ดํ›„ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋„ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜ A์˜ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 13, Table 5์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•œ๊ณ„๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜ B1์€ ์•ฝ 3โˆผ6๋ฐฐ, ํ•˜๋ถ€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜ B2๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.7๋ฐฐ ๋ฐ 2.0๋ฐฐ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ฒด์˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 3๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ํฐ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ฒด์˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.4 ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••

Fig. 4์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„์น˜ P1๊ณผ P2์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Fig. 14 ๋ฐ Fig. 15์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Fig. 14.

Change of Pore Water Pressure at Location P1

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F14.jpg

์ด๋ฏธ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ†ต๊ด€์ƒ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•˜๋ถ€๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„ ๋ฐ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒ๋ถ€์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 14์˜ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ P1์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 20โˆผ30% ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธ‰์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์ด ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์นจํˆฌ ์ง€์ฒด ํšจ๊ณผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 15๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ P2์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์€ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ฒด์˜ ์นจํˆฌ ์•ˆ์ •์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ธก๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ณ„ํ‰ํ˜•ํ•ด์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋น„ํƒˆ๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ •ํ•ด์„์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ „์œจ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ œ์ฒด์•ˆ์ •์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฏธ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 15.

Change of Pore Water Pressure at Location P2

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F15.jpg

3.5 ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰

๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ํ†ต๊ด€ ํŒŒ์†๋ถ€์ธ ์œ„์น˜ A(์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก)์™€ B(ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก)๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์ƒ Fig. 16๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ƒ์Šน์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•ด์„ 43์ผ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ›„ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก๊ณผ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 13๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ์นจํˆฌ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 1.2๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์นจํˆฌ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ ๋ณธ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€์ธ OO์ €์ˆ˜์ง€์˜ ์ด ์ €์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ 246,000m3์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ A์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์•ฝ 12m3๋Š” ์ด ์ €์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์•ฝ 0.005%์ •๋„๋กœ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๋†์–ด์ดŒ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ •๋ฐ€์•ˆ์ „์ง€๋‹จ์ง€์นจ(ํ•œ๊ตญ๋†์–ด์ดŒ๊ณต์‚ฌ(KRCC), 2005)์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ 1์ผ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ค€(์ด์ €์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ 0.05%)์ธ 123m3์˜ 1/10 ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํŒŒ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ œ์ฒด ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ ์ถœ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 16.

Change of Water Flux

Figure_KSCE_37_05_02_F16.jpg

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ ํ†ต๊ด€(๋ณตํ†ต) ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์นจํ•˜ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ†ต๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์†๋˜์–ด ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์ œ์ฒด ์นจํˆฌ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€์˜ ์ œ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 2์ฐจ์› ์นจํˆฌํ•ด์„์„ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(1) ์ œ์ฒด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์œ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋Š” Justin์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์œ ์†์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 1.7๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ์œ ์ถœ ์‹œ ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ์œ ์ถœ์‹œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 3๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ํฐ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

(2) ์ œ์ฒด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธก ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์œ ์ถœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์˜ 7๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ์œ ์ถœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์˜ 2๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋™์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ œ์ฒด์˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(3) ์ œ์ฒด ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์œ ์ถœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ œ์ฒด ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธก์—์„œ ์œ ์ถœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ์ถœ์†๋„๋Š” ํ†ต๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ฝ”์–ดํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ด ๊ท ์ผํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋น„ํ•ด 1/8 ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต๊ด€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” 1/13 ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ฝ”์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ด€๋‚ด๋กœ์˜ ์œ ์ถœ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ์ฒด์•ˆ์ •์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. 

(4) ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ ํ†ต๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ์นจํˆฌ์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ถœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ธก๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์œ ์ถœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ณ„ํ‰ํ˜•ํ•ด์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋น„ํƒˆ๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ •ํ•ด์„์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ „์œจ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ œ์ฒด์•ˆ์ •์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฏธ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

(5) ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ ํ†ต๋ฌธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํŒŒ์† ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ œ์ฒด๋‚ด์˜ ์œ ์ถœ ์‹œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜์••์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜๋ฉด ํŒŒ์ดํ•‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์€ 2์ฐจ์› ํ•ด์„์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ ํ†ต๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์‹ค์ œ์™€ ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ญ์‹œ ์‹ค์ œ์™€๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 3์ฐจ์› ํ•ด์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

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