Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์„์‚ฌ (Yonsei University)
  2. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Yonsei University)
  3. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Yonsei University)
  4. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Yonsei University)


ํ•ด์™ธ PMC, ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…, ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์น˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ๋กœ์ปค์Šค ํฌ ํฌ์ปค์Šค ๋ชจํ˜•
International PMC, Engineering company, Borich needs assessment, Locus for focus

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  •   1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

  •   1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  • 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ

  •   2.1 PMC ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ

  •   2.2 ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

  • 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„

  •   3.1 ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ •

  • 4. ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ๋ถ„์„

  •   4.1 ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ ๋„์ถœ

  •   4.2 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘

  •   4.3 ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์˜ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ถ„์„

  •   4.4 ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

  • 5. ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

  •   5.1 ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ ๋„์ถœ

  •   5.2 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

  •   5.3 ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณ„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ „๋žต

  •   5.3.1 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ƒ์œ„์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(A)

  •   5.3.2 ๊ทธ๋ฃน(A)์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ์ œ์•ˆ

  •   5.3.2.1 ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด

  •   5.3.2.2 ์ง€์‹์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด

  •   5.3.2.3 ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด

  •   5.3.3 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ค‘์œ„์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(B)

  •   5.3.4 ๊ทธ๋ฃน(B)์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ์ œ์•ˆ

  •   5.3.4.1 ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด

  •   5.3.4.2 ์ง€์‹์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด

  •   5.3.4.3 ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด

  •   5.3.5 ์ œ๋„์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ด์Šˆ

  • 6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ํ•ด์™ธ๊ฑด์„ค ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ์•…ํ™”๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ EPC (Engineering Procurement Construction) ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์™ธ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Ha, 2015). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ์„ธ์„ค๊ณ„,

์‹œ๊ณต ๋“ฑ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ €์ˆ˜์ต, ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์˜์—ญ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ์˜์—ญ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค(MOTIE, 2010). ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ฑด์„ค์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ PMC (Project Management Consultancy)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lee et al., 2013; Ji, 2015; Ha, 2015). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฐ์—…์  ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ PMC์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ PMC ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„, ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. PMC์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •์„ฑ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 1).

Fig. 1.

Research Process

Figure_KSCE_38_01_13_F1.jpg

2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ

2.1 PMC ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ

Memon et al.(2011)์€ PMC ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋น„์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์ปคํŠธ(Likert) 5์  ์ฒ™๋„์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ์ž ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์žฆ์€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Zhao et al.(2011)์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋‚ด ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ „๋žต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ SWOT์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  17๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋„์ถœํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. Sarda and Dewalkar(2016)๋Š” PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด PMC ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” PMC ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฑด์„ค ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์กด์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ง„ PMC ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ PMC ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธํกํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์–‘์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฑด์„ค์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ์˜ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์—…์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์–‘์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œ์ผœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.2 ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์™”์ง€๋งŒ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์™ธ๋ถ€์  ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์•˜๋‹ค.

์™ธ๋ถ€์  ๊ด€์ ์€ ์‚ฐ์—…์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ก ์€ Porter(1981)๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ, ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์š”์ธ์€ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—… ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์š”์†Œ์กฐ๊ฑด, ์ˆ˜์š”์กฐ๊ฑด, ๊ธฐ์—… ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์กฐ๊ฑด, ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ ์ง€์› ์‚ฐ์—… ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์ƒ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ธฐํšŒ์š”์ธ์„ ์™ธ์ƒ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‚ด์ƒ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ๊พ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ๊ด€์ ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์›์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ ์ž์›๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ด€์ ์ด๋‹ค. Wernerfelt (1984)๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ž์›์€ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Barney(1991)๋Š” ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ž์›์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํฌ์†Œ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ ์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์  ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ์ž์›์—๋งŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฐ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ, Teece et al.(1997)์€ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ดยท์™ธ๋ถ€ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰(Dynamic Capability)์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ด€์ ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž์›์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์šฐ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์„œ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Weerawardena and Mavondo, 2001). ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ข…์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—… ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค(Flynn et al., 2010).

๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ด๋ก ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ถ€์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ก ์„ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ž์›์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—… ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋จผ์ €, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์„ ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์š”์ธ ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๋„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด PMC ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.1 ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ •

ํ•ด์™ธ๊ฑด์„ค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ฝํ˜€์žˆ์–ด ์ฃผ๊ณต์ •(Critical Path) ๋ถ„์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Jaafari, 1984; Royer, 1986; Lu and Li, 2003). ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์—…๋ฌด์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Andersen et al., 2007; Kim and Kim, 2013; Hanna et al., 2016). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ง„์ถœ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€์„ค 1: ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋งž๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

Ha0 : ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.

Ha1 : ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค.

Hb0 : ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Hb1 : ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

PMC ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์š”์ธ๋„์ถœ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŠน์„ฑ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ดํ•ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์€ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์—… ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์„ธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€์„ค 2: ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ „๋žต์€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Hc : ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์š”์ธ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Hd0 : ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ์ˆ˜์ฃผ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์—๋Š” ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.

Hd1 : ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ์ˆ˜์ฃผ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์—๋Š” ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4. ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ๋ถ„์„

4.1 ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ ๋„์ถœ

์ง€๋‚œ 2010๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2015๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์€ 80๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์•ฝ 580์–ต ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์‚ฐ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ(KENCA, 2016), ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—… ์ฃผ๋„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ 20% ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ฃผ๋„๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ดˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๋ฐ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 1์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์—…๋ฌด์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์™€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€์ ๋งŒ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์™ธ๋ถ€์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” Porter(1981)์˜ ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” Barney et al.(2005)์˜ ์ž์›๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ด€์ ์˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, PMC๋Š” ์ปจ์„คํŒ…์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ Moon et al.(2010)์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—… ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์™„ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ํŠน์„ฑ(์กฐ์ง, ์ง€์‹, ์ˆ˜ํ–‰)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 36๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Appendix 1).

4.2 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘

์•ž์„œ ๋„์ถœํ•œ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ง๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„“ํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์•ฝ ํ•œ๋‹ฌ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์š”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ „์ž๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์œจ์€ 34%์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ์ค‘ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ธก๊ฐ’์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ 75๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ํ•ด์™ธ์‚ฌ์—… 10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ด 42%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด๋กœ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ 42%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ž์˜ 88%๊ฐ€ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ์—…์ฒด์— ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ณ„๋‚˜ PMC ๋ฐœ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Table 1).

์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๊ณผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ํ•ด์™ธ์—…์ฒด ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ค‘์š”๋„, ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ์ปคํŠธ(Likert) 5์  ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 1. Respondents Information (Lee, 2017) Table_KSCE_38_01_13_T1.jpg

4.3 ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์˜ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ถ„์„

์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์–ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Borich, 1980; Witkin and Altschuld, 1995; Queeney, 2000; Choi, 2002). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์š”๊ตฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์จ Oh et al.(2014)์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 2).

Fig. 2.

Framework of Empirical Competency Analysis (Lee, 2017)

Figure_KSCE_38_01_13_F2.jpg
Table 2. The Priority Decision of International PMC Competencies (Lee, 2017) Table_KSCE_38_01_13_T2.jpg

๋จผ์ €, t-test๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ค‘์š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ๋’ค, ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์น˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€(Complemented Borich Needs Assessment)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 3). ์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€(Present Competence Level: PCL)๊ณผ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”์ˆ˜์ค€(Required Competence Level: RCL)์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค(Table 2).

Fig. 3.

The Equation of Borich Needs Assessment (Borich, 1980)

Figure_KSCE_38_01_13_F3.jpg

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—(Cho, 2009), ๋กœ์ปค์Šค ํฌ ํฌ์ปค์Šค ๋ชจํ˜•(Locus for Focus model)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ขŒํ‘œํ‰๋ฉด์„ ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ , 1์‚ฌ๋ถ„๋ฉด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์š”๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด/์š”์ธ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ค‘์š”๋„(HH), ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด/๋‚ฎ์€ ์ค‘์š”๋„(HL), ์ž‘์€ ์ฐจ์ด/๋‚ฎ์€ ์ค‘์š”๋„(LL), ์ž‘์€ ์ฐจ์ด/๋†’์€ ์ค‘์š”๋„(LH)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์ธ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ๋ถ„์„๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์ค‘ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์ƒ์œ„ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ 1์ฐจ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋กœ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์—๋งŒ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ 2์ฐจ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค์ •๋œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™”์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4.4 ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

T-test ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” 1๊ฐœ์˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •๋ณด์ฒด๊ณ„ ํ™œ์šฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(Skillful ability to utilize Information system) ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์น˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆœ์œ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„ค Ha0์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  Ha1์ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋กœ์ปค์Šค ํฌ ํฌ์ปค์Šค ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Fig. 4)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ถ•์˜ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’์€ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ค‘์š”๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ์œผ๋กœ 3.966์ด๊ณ , ์„ธ๋กœ์ถ•์˜ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’์€ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ค‘์š”๋„์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ์œผ๋กœ 1.338์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 1์‚ฌ๋ถ„๋ฉด๊ณผ 3์‚ฌ๋ถ„๋ฉด์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2์‚ฌ๋ถ„๋ฉด๊ณผ 4์‚ฌ๋ถ„๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์€ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2์‚ฌ๋ถ„๋ฉด๊ณผ 4์‚ฌ๋ถ„๋ฉด์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด/๋‚ฎ์€ ์ค‘์š”๋„, ์ž‘์€ ์ฐจ์ด/๋†’์€ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‚ฐ์—…์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ์‚ฐ์—… ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์•„์ง ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” Ha1 ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค.

Fig. 4.

Result of the Locus for Focus Model (Lee, 2017)

Figure_KSCE_38_01_13_F4.jpg

๋กœ์ปค์Šค ํฌ ํฌ์ปค์Šค ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ HH์˜์—ญ์— ์†ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์น˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ 16๊ฐœ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๋ ค๋ƒˆ๊ณ (Appendix 2), ์ด๋ฅผ 3์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์š”์ธ(KA2,4, IP8,9)์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 12๊ฐœ์˜ ์š”์ธ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ ์ค‘ 75%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Hb0 ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  Hb1 ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

5. ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

5.1 ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ ๋„์ถœ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Teece et al.(1997)์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ก ์˜ ์กฐ์งยท๊ด€๋ฆฌ์  ์ ˆ์ฐจ(Organization and managerial process)๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—… ํ™œ๋™์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ดยท์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž์›์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—… ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ž์›์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ž€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—… ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ™œ์šฉ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค(Teece et al., 1997; Fynn et al., 2010). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์˜ ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Appendix 3).

5.2 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ 75๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์•ž์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์š”์ธ์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„(๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์ง€์‹, ์ˆ˜ํ–‰) ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์ธต๋ณ„ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  K-ํ‰๊ท  ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 5). ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 2๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ข‹์€ A๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ B๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5.

Classification of Domestic Engineering Companies (Lee, 2017)

Figure_KSCE_38_01_13_F5.jpg

๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. A๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์€ 49๊ฐœ๋กœ, ํ•ด์™ธ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ ๋„ ์ƒ์œ„๊ถŒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ช‡ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ถ”ํ›„ ํ•ด์™ธ์˜ ์„ ์ง„ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์  ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. B๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๋Š” 26๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ด ์†ํ•ด์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ค‘์œ„๊ถŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์—…์ง„์ถœ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

5.3 ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณ„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ „๋žต

๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ๋งž์ถค ์ „๋žต์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ (Semi-structured) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ์ธต ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์ธ์›์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 5๋ช… ๋ฐ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 2๋ช…๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด์— ๋„์ถœํ•œ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‹ฌ์ธต ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ถœํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ Teece(2007)๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€(Sensing)ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(Seizing), ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ(Reconfiguration)ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…๊ตฐ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณ„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ „๋žต์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

5.3.1 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ƒ์œ„์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(A)

A๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ PMC ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’๊ณ  ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ EPC์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ์‹œ๊ณต ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋†’์ง€๋งŒ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณ„ํš, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ ๊ณ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ A๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ PMC ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•(Seizing)ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ PMC์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ(Reconfiguration)ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค(Teece, 2007).

5.3.2 ๊ทธ๋ฃน(A)์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ์ œ์•ˆ

5.3.2.1 ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด

์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, A๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ ฅ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ๋„ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•„์›ƒ์†Œ์‹ฑ(outsourcing)ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰์‹œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€ํ–‰์€ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด ์—…๋ฌด๋‹จ์ ˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์ œ์•ˆ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ PMC ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์ง๋ฌธํ™”(DO) ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„ํš๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ธ๋ ฅ์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ํ•ด์™ธ ์„ ์ง„ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ PMC ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋งž๋Š” PMC ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ์ง๋ฌธํ™”(DO) ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ด€์ ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ์ ์‘๋ฌธํ™”(adaptability culture)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ตฌ์ถ•์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์˜ ๊ด€๋ก€ํ™”(DR) ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ด€์ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž์™€์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ์›ํƒํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.

5.3.2.2 ์ง€์‹์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด

์ง€์‹์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ PMC ์ง€์‹์ž์›์˜ ๋ณด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. PMC์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์ „์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด CM์ง€์‹๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ ์ง„ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œ์žฅํŒŒ์•…, ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ์—…์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „๋ฌดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํ‚น(DB) ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์„ ์ง„๊ธฐ์—… ํ˜น์€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ(R&D Consortium)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ ์ง€์‹์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์˜ ๊ด€๋ก€ํ™”(DR) ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ PMC์›Œํฌ์ˆ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด PMC ์‚ฌ์—…๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๋„๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ์Šต๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์Šต๋“๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์ง€์‹ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œ์ผœ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ฐฝ์ถœ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์‹œ๋ฐœ์ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

5.3.2.3 ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด

์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. PMC ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„์™€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž๋‚˜ ์—ฌํƒ€ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ์ œ์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์š”์ฒญ์— ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง๋ฌธํ™”(DO) ๋ฐ ํ˜์‹ ์  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์˜ ๊ด€๋ก€ํ™”(DR) ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—…๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ โ€œ๋‹น์ผ์—…๋ฌด์™„์ˆ˜โ€, โ€œ24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ์‘๋‹ตโ€ ๋“ฑ ์กฐ์ง๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ํ™•๋ฆฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž ๋Œ€์‘์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์›๋งŒํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ์›๋งŒํ•œ ์—…๋ฌดํ˜‘์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”(DS) ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด PMC ์ „๋‹ด๋ถ€์„œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์งํ•˜์—ฌ ์—…๋ฌด์ˆ™๋ จ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

5.3.3 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ค‘์œ„์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(B)

B๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ PMC ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€์ด A๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ „๋ฌดํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ •๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํŠนํ™”๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์‚ฌ์—…๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์š”์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜์—ญ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ˜•์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ B๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ A๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์  ์žฌ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”(DS) ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘(M&A) ์ „๋žต์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด PMC๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ B๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ , ๋‹จ์ง€ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋Œ€ํ˜•ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ˆ˜์ด๊ณ  B๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ‰ํŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํก์ˆ˜๋œ ์ฃผ์š” PMC ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ดํƒˆํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ B๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ A๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ž์›์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด PMC ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” EPC, EC์‚ฌ์—… ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ์ฐจ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „์ง„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  A๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธ(Sensing)ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•(Seizing)ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค(Teece, 2007).

5.3.4 ๊ทธ๋ฃน(B)์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ์ œ์•ˆ

5.3.4.1 ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด

์กฐ์ง์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” B๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ A๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ A๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์–‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„์›ƒ์†Œ์‹ฑ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ ํ›„, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ ์–‘์„ฑ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•„์›ƒ์†Œ์‹ฑ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ ฅ ํ†ต์ œ์™€ ์ˆœํ™˜์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ B๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™”์—๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๋žต์  ์žฌ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”(DS) ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ์˜ ํ•ฉ์ž‘ํˆฌ์ž(Joint Venture)๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์Œ“์•„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ยท๋น„์šฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

5.3.4.2 ์ง€์‹์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด

์ง€์‹์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ A๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ A๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ B๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ‰ํŒ์ด ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘(M&A)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์—… ์žฌ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™” ์ „๋žต์€ ์•Œ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํ‚น(DB) ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด A๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ(R&D Consortium)์ด๋‚˜ ์ „๋žต์  ์žฌ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”(DS) ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•ฉ์ž‘ํˆฌ์ž(Joint Venture)๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ A๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ข€๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์‹์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ž„์Šน์ฐจ ํšจ๊ณผ(Free-rider effect)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐœ ์ง„์ถœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ํšŒํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ ์€ R&D ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค(Schnaars, 2002). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด A๊ทธ๋ฃน ํ˜น์€ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ์ œํœด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

5.3.4.3 ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด

์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ๋Š” B๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. PMC ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ด€๋ จ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์กฐํ™”๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์—…๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ํ‰ํŒ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ PMC ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด B๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ด์™ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ B๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์•ž์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด์™ธ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰ํŒ์„ ์Œ“์•„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ PMC ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ ์•„์ง ์ด๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์—…์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์  ์žฌ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”(DS) ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์•„์›ƒ์†Œ์‹ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์—…์ž์ฒด์˜ PMC ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ž์ฒด ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์™ธ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

5.3.5 ์ œ๋„์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ด์Šˆ

A๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ B๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ์Ÿ์ ์€ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์‹ค์ ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ง„์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์•…์ˆœํ™˜์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด๋ฏธ PMC ์—…๋ฌด๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ณต๊ตฌ๋ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ์‹ค์ ์ธ์ •์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹ค์ ์„ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์ด PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์‹ค์ ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ฒ•์  ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ง์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„-๊ณต๊ณต ํ˜‘์—… PMC ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฒ” ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์กฐ์ง, ์ง€์‹, ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์€ A๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ „๋žต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” PMC ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์–‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ ์ง„ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ PMC ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋งž๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์‹์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ์ง„๊ธฐ์—… ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์—…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ์ œ์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ B๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ „๋ฌดํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ „๋žต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์–‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹จ ์•„์›ƒ์†Œ์‹ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‚ค์šด ํ›„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ ฅ์–‘์„ฑ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์‹์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” A๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ์˜ ์ปจ์†Œ์‹œ์—„์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ฉ์ž‘ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์Œ“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด์™ธ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์Œ“๊ณ  ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ์„ ์‹œ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์›ƒ์†Œ์‹ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ œ๋„์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” A๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ B๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทœ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„-๊ณต๊ณต ํ˜‘์—… PMC ์‚ฌ์—… ๋“ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ ์„ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ์€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๊ณผ PMC ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋„์ถœ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ด์™ธ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์ง„์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ •์„ฑ์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ „๋žต๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ PMC ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ PMC ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„(Case study)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๋™ํƒœ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2015๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(No. NRF-2015R1A2A1A09 007327).

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