Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ν•©μ°ΈλŒ€ 합동고급과정 학생μž₯ꡐ, μ„œμšΈκ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ λŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› 석사과정 (Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
  2. κ΅­λ°©λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ΄μž₯, μ„œμšΈκ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ λŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› 박사과정 (Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
  3. 학생쀑앙ꡰ사학ꡐ ν›ˆμœ‘μž₯ꡐ, μ„œμšΈκ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ λŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› 석사과정 (Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
  4. ν•©λ™κ΅°μ‚¬λŒ€ν•™κ΅ 학생μž₯ꡐ, μ„œμšΈκ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ λŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ›, 석사과정 (Seoul National University of Science and Technology)


CM, 사후관리, μœ„κΈ°κ΄€λ¦¬μ²΄κ³„, ν•΅ 및 화생방 λŒ€μ‘
CM, Consequence management, Risk management system, CBRNE response

  • 1. μ„œ λ‘ 

  • 2. λ³Έ λ‘ 

  •   2.1 ν†΅ν•©μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ˜ CMκ³Ό ꡰ의 μ—­ν• 

  •   2.2 ν¬κ΄„μ•ˆλ³΄κ°œλ… μ°¨μ›μ˜ CMκ³Ό ꡰ의 μ—­ν• 

  •   2.3 λ―Έκ΅° CM λŒ€μ‘κΈ°κ΄€κ³Ό ν•œκ΅­κ΅° CM 쑰직 λ°œμ „λ°©ν–₯

  • 3. κ²° λ‘ 

1. μ„œ λ‘ 

Consequence ManagementλŠ” κ΅°μ—μ„œλŠ” β€˜ν™”μƒλ°© μ‚¬ν›„κ΄€λ¦¬β€™λ‘œ λ²ˆμ—­ν•˜λ©°, ꡐ범 상 β€˜μ μ˜ 화생방 무기에 μ˜ν•œ λŒ€λŸ‰ν”Όν•΄ λ°œμƒ μ‹œ 민‧관‧ꡰ ν†΅ν•©μž‘μ „ μˆ˜ν–‰μœΌλ‘œ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μ΅œμ†Œν™”μ‹œμΌœ μ•ˆμ •ν™”λ₯Ό μ΄‰μ§„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 제반 ν™œλ™(ROKA, 2014)’이라 μ •μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ―Όβ€§κ΄€μ—μ„œλŠ” ν•΄λ‹Ή μš©μ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°, 우리말 사전에도 아직 νƒ‘μž¬λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€. μ‹€μš©κ΅°μ‚¬μ˜μ–΄μ‚¬μ „(Kim, 2018)μ—μ„œλ§Œ [ꡰ사] μ‚¬ν›„λŒ€μ‘κ΄€λ¦¬(ν•΅μ •μ±…)라 λͺ…λͺ…λ˜μ–΄ κ΅°μ—μ„œλ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ°œλ…μœΌλ‘œ μ •λ¦½λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 것이 ν˜„μ‹€μ΄λ‹€. μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ μ„ μ§„κ΅­μ—μ„œ ν™œμš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” CM κ°œλ…μ„ ν†΅ν•©μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ μΈ‘λ©΄κ³Ό ν¬κ΄„μ•ˆλ³΄κ°œλ… μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ ν•œκ΅­μ—λ„ λ„μž…ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ 있으며, 특히 CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radiation, Nuclear and high yield Explosives) 상황 λ°œμƒ μ‹œ ꡰ이 μ£Όλ„μ μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ 연ꡬ할 ν•„μš”μ„±μ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  νŒλ‹¨λ˜μ–΄ λ¬Έν—Œμ—°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 연ꡬ κ°„ κ΅°μ—μ„œλŠ” 비ꡐ적 β€˜ν™”μƒλ°© 사후관리’에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 ν™œλ°œν•˜κ²Œ 이루어지고 μžˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, 일뢀 κ΄€λ ¨ λ¬Έν—Œμ—μ„œλŠ” 이λ₯Ό μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ™€ ν†΅ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ λΆ€μ •μ μž„μ„ 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ―Όγƒ»κ΄€μ—μ„œλŠ” ν†΅ν•©μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄ ν™œλ°œν•œ 연ꡬ가 μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ ν•΅ 및 화생방 μž¬λ‚œκ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ―Έν‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

Table 1μ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•œ 문건 쀑, 2018λ…„ 윑ꡰ κ΅μœ‘μ‚¬ κ΅°μ‚¬ν•™μˆ μš©μ—­ μ—°κ΅¬κ³Όμ œλ‘œ μ±„νƒλ˜μ–΄ μž‘μ„±λœ β€˜λ―Όβ€§κ΄€β€§κ΅° 톡합 화생방 사후관리 μˆ˜ν–‰λ°©μ•ˆ 연ꡬ’λ₯Ό 톡해 κ΅° 화생방 μ‚¬ν›„κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ ν˜„ μ‹€νƒœ 및 관점에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§Žμ€ 뢀뢄을 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 화생방 μ‚¬ν›„κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ 본질이 민‧관‧ꡰ ν†΅ν•©λŒ€μ‘μ΄λΌκ³  ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„, CM (CBRN CM‧WMD CM을 λͺ…ν™•νžˆ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬ WMD CM이 화생방 μ‚¬ν›„κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ 전뢀인 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ κΈ°μˆ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄, 이에 CM에 λŒ€ν•œ λͺ…ν™•ν•œ κ°œλ…μ •λ¦½μ΄ μ„ ν–‰λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ , 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§€μ†ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‹€λ§Œ, ν•΄λ‹Ή λ¬Έκ±΄μ—μ„œ λ°œμ „μ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•  λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰κ°œλ…, κ΅° 및 μ •λΆ€μœ κ΄€κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μž„λ¬΄μ™€ μ—­ν• , μ§€νœ˜ν†΅μ œ, μˆ˜ν–‰κ³Όμ—…μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•œ 것은 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°λœλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ ν™•μΈν•œ κ΅­λ‚΄ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ 연ꡬ λ¬Έκ±΄μ—μ„œλŠ” CM에 λŒ€ν•œ 언급이 μ—†κ³ , κ΅°λ‚΄μ—μ„œ β€˜ν¬κ΄„μ  μ•ˆλ³΄β€™ 상황 ν•˜ ꡰ의 역할을 μ—°κ΅¬ν•œ 일뢀 문건과 ꡰ의 화생방 κ΄€λ ¨ λŒ€μ‘ κ°œλ… 연ꡬ λ¬Έκ±΄μ—μ„œλ§Œ CM에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ„ 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ μ΄μœ κ°€ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ μž¬λ‚œμ²΄κ³„ 및 κ°œλ…μ΄ μ΄ˆκΈ°λ‹¨κ³„μΈ 일상적 μœ„κΈ°(Emergency)와 쀑간단계인 μ£Όμš” μž¬λ‚œ(Main Disaster)μ—λ§Œ 머무λ₯΄κ³  있고, μž¬μ•™μ  μž¬λ‚œ λŒ€μ‘ κ°œλ…μΈ 사후관리 κ°œλ…μ΄ λ„μž…λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž„μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λŠ”λ°, WMD에 μ˜ν•œ λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ 살상과 ν”Όν•΄κ°€ μ˜ˆμƒλ˜λŠ” κ³  μœ„ν˜‘μ§€μ—­μ— μžˆλŠ” 우리의 ν˜„μ‹€μ„ 생각할 λ•Œ, μ •λΆ€μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ CM의 κ°œλ…μ΄ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ λ„μž…(Eun, 2010)되고, 이에 λŒ€ν•œ 체계가 κ°–μΆ”μ–΄μ Έμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  νŒλ‹¨ν–ˆλ‹€. 이에 ν†΅ν•©μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ™€ 포괄적 μ•ˆλ³΄ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ CM의 μ μš©λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ , CMμ—μ„œμ˜ ꡰ의 μ—­ν• κ³Ό ν•œκ΅­κ΅° CM 쑰직 λ°œμ „λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€.

Table 1. Literature on (Military) CBRN Consequence Management and (Private/Public) Integrated Disaster Management Theory

Category Title and Summary of Literature
CBRN consequence management ⦁WMD consequence management (draft) (data of CBR Defense Command)
-Work performance diagram, time-phased task performance status, determination of management areas, determination of task for each field, formation of TF (draft)
⦁Study on the framework of protection against nuclear and WMD threats (draft) (Korea Military Academy, Nuclear and WMD Protection Research Center)
-Preparation for nuclear threat, establishment of concept for responding to nuclear and WMD threats (draft), establishment of framework (draft), detailed tasks, expected effects
⦁WMD consequence management model applied to regional defense divisions (research data of Second Operational Command)
-Analysis of previous cases and research data, preparation of model, model applied to regional defense divisions
⦁Study on the method of integrated CBRN consequence management by private, public, and military sectors (Institute of CBRN Disaster Prevention)
-Definition, concept, procedure, responsibility, authority, and consideration of CBRNE consequence management
-Related laws, doctrines, CBRNE consequence management response of civilian, government, and military sectors, current status, and issues
-Method of performing integrated CBRNE consequence management by private, public, and military sectors
Integrated disaster management theory (Ryu, 2019a, Ryu, 2019b, Ryu, 2019c) ⦁Disaster prediction and prevention theory
-Need for hierarchical management of large-scale disasters, integrated disaster management system (definition, reason for transition, characteristics, scope of application)
-Management strategy after risk prediction and assessment, prevention system, reduction system, and planning
⦁Disaster preparedness theory
-Disaster preparedness strategy, response plan, disaster preparedness training and practice, training program design process, and assessment of disaster response system
⦁Disaster response and restoration theory
-Stepwise emergency response activities, decision making methods focused on problem solving, and standardized cooperation system for emergencies
⦁Command and control theory
-Psychological obstacles in command activities, on-site command and leadership, and integrated command of multiple organizations

2. λ³Έ λ‘ 

2.1 ν†΅ν•©μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ˜ CMκ³Ό ꡰ의 μ—­ν• 

κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ˜ λ°œμ „, 기후변화와 예츑 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μžμ—°μž¬λ‚œ ꡭ면의 λ“±μž₯, ν…ŒλŸ¬ν–‰μœ„μ—μ„œμ˜ 화학적·생물학적·방사λŠ₯ 및 ν•΅ 물질 μ‚¬μš© μœ„ν—˜μ„±κ³Ό λŒ€λŸ‰μ‚΄μƒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 곡포, κ΅­κ°€ κ°„ λΆ„μŸμœ„ν—˜μ„± 증가 λ“± κ³Όκ±°μ™€λŠ” 달라진 μž¬λ‚œν™˜κ²½μ€ 전톡적 μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ˜μ—­μ„ λ›°μ–΄λ„˜λŠ” 톡합적 μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ 방식을 μ ˆμ‹€νžˆ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(Ryu, 2019a, Ryu, 2019b, Ryu, 2019c). 이에 ν†΅ν•©μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œμ˜ ꡰ의 역할을 생각해 λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€.

λŒ€ν˜• μž¬λ‚œμ€ 일반적 μž¬λ‚œμ— λΉ„ν•΄ 좩격과 ν”Όν•΄κ°€ 훨씬 크기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ μˆ˜μ€€λ³΄λ‹€ ν•œ 단계 높은 μœ„κΈ°κ΄€λ¦¬ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ μ€€λΉ„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€(Kim and Youn, 2018). λ”°λΌμ„œ μ „λž΅μ  λŒ€μ‘κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κ³ , μž₯기적 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μž¬λ‚œμ˜ 영ν–₯을 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°, λŒ€μ‘λͺ©ν‘œμ™€ μ„ΈλΆ€λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜μ—¬, μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„μ— 따라 ν˜„μž₯ 및 μ§€μ—­μˆ˜μ€€, κ΄‘μ—­μˆ˜μ€€, κ΅­κ°€μˆ˜μ€€μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ—¬ λŒ€μ‘ν™œλ™μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ°©ν–₯을 μ œμ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€(Ryu, 2019a, Ryu, 2019b, Ryu, 2019c). λŒ€ν˜•μž¬λ‚œμ—μ„œλŠ” 상황을 잘 κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ„ 예방 및 λŒ€λΉ„ μ „λž΅μ— λ°˜μ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ°(Quarantelli, 1984), κ·Έ λ‚΄μš©λ“€μ΄ ꡰ의 역할을 μ •λ¦½ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움이 될 수 μžˆλ‹€.

μš°μ„ , ν†΅ν•©μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 쑰직은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 집단과 μ’€ 더 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ° 이 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ–΄λŠ μ •λ„μ˜ 쑰직 μžμΉ˜κΆŒμ„ μžƒκ²Œ 되고, 일상적 μž„λ¬΄μˆ˜ν–‰ 기쀀도 λ³€ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€(Quarantelli, 1984). λ˜ν•œ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ μ‹œ 곡곡쑰직과 민간쑰직이 ν•¨κ»˜ ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ°, 이 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ§€μžμ²΄μ˜ 일상적 μš΄μ˜μ²΄μ œλŠ” μ€‘λ‹¨λ˜κ³  λΉ„μƒλŒ€μ‘ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— μ˜ν•΄ κ΄€λ¦¬λ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κΈ΄λ°€ν•œ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ²΄κ³„μ™€ ν˜‘λ ₯ 체계가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€(Quarantelli, 1984). λ”°λΌμ„œ μœ μ‚¬μ‹œ μ›ν™œν•œ λŒ€μ‘μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” ν‰μƒμ‹œλΆ€ν„° λ―Όκ΄€κ΅° ν˜‘λ ₯ 체계λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κ³ , μ„œλ‘œμ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ©°, ꡰ은 μœ μ—°κ·Όλ¬΄, 파견, μ—°μˆ˜ λ“±μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λŒ€ν˜•μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬λΆ€μ„œμ—μ„œ κ·Όλ¬΄ν•˜λŠ” 인원을 두어 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ΅¬μΆ•, κ³„νšμˆ˜λ¦½, ν›ˆλ ¨ 등에 적극적으둜 κΈ°μ—¬ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.

λ˜ν•œ, ν†΅ν•©μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ μ—…λ¬΄μ²˜λ¦¬ ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€μ™€ ν˜‘λ™λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€(Ryu, 2019a, Ryu, 2019b, Ryu, 2019c).

μ—…λ¬΄μ²˜λ¦¬ ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€λŠ” μ˜ˆλ°©μ—μ„œ, λŒ€λΉ„, λŒ€μ‘, λ³΅κ΅¬κΉŒμ§€ 4λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°,μ‹ μ’…μž¬λ‚œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μœ„ν˜‘ 정도가 고쑰되고, 4μ°¨ μ‚°μ—…ν˜λͺ… 기술이 λ°œμ „ν•˜μ—¬ μœ„ν—˜μ˜ˆμΈ‘λΆ„μ„μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯해짐에 λ”°λΌβ€˜μ˜ˆμΈ‘/평가’가 μΆ”κ°€λ˜μ–΄ 5λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€(Ryu, 2019a, Ryu, 2019b, Ryu, 2019c).

ν˜‘λ™ λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ€ μž¬λ‚œλŒ€μ‘/볡ꡬ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³Ό 일련의 κ΄€λ¦¬ν™œλ™μΈ 예츑/평가, λŒ€λΉ„λ₯Ό ν¬κ΄„ν•˜λŠ” 것을 가리킀며, λ‹€μˆ˜μ‘°μ§μ΄ 단일 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 내외뢀적 κ΅¬μ„±μš”μ†Œλ‘œ μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³ , 각 μ„œλΈŒμ‹œμŠ€ν…œ κ°„ μƒν˜Έ μž„λ¬΄κ΄€κ³„μ™€ μΌμ›ν™”λœ μ§€νœ˜ν†΅μ œμ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 νŠΉμ§•μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(Ryu, 2019a, Ryu, 2019b, Ryu, 2019c). μ΄λŠ” μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ 전담쑰직을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ 일관성 μžˆλŠ” 방식에 따라 λ‹€κΈ°κ΄€ν†΅ν•©λŒ€μ‘κ³„νšμ„ 개발 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ „μ œλ‘œ ν•˜λ©°, 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 쑰직화과정, λŒ€μ‘μ ˆμ°¨μ™€ μ§€νœ˜ν†΅μ œμ‘°μ§ ꡬ쑰의 ν‘œμ€€ν™”, μ μ ˆν•œ μƒν˜Έν˜‘λ ₯체계 ꡬ좕이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€(Ryu, 2019a, Ryu, 2019b, Ryu, 2019c).

이에 λŒ€ν•΄ ꡰ은 μ†Œλ°©, κ²½μ°°κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 즉각적 λŒ€μ‘λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆλŠ”, 24μ‹œκ°„ 운용 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μžμ›μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•  수 있으며, ν†΅ν•©μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ ꡬ좕 κ°„ 쀀ꡰ사적 쑰직체계 μ •λ¦½μ˜ μ‘°μ–Έμžλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 역할을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°λœλ‹€.

Table 2λŠ” μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ™€ μž¬λ‚œ λŒ€μ‘ 선진ꡭ인 λ―Έκ΅­, 영ꡭ, 일본의 μž¬λ‚œλŒ€μ‘μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ 비ꡐ해 놓은 것이닀.

Table 2. Comparison of Disaster Response Systems between South Korea and Developed Countries (Ryu, 2019a, Ryu, 2019b, Ryu, 2019c)

Item South Korea Developed countries
Operating body Head of institution (non-expert) / centered on human factors Centered on experts / systems
Number of classes (national level) Three classes (Central Disaster Management Headquarters -
Central Disaster and Safety Countermeasures Headquarters - BH)
One class (CDGR / COBR / Central Disaster Relief Headquarters)
Operation method Top-down / Report-oriented Bottom-up / Focused on connectivity
Location Separate operation of C/T place and situation room Platform operation of C/T place and situation room
Core duties Report of situation Field assistance and general coordination
Teamwork between center and site Focused on situation report of local government Direct communication channel between center and regions (Ex: Operation of scouts)

선진ꡭ μž¬λ‚œλŒ€μ‘ μ‹œ, μš΄μ˜μ£Όμ²΄κ°€ μ „λ¬Έκ°€ 및 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 쀑심인 것은 λ¬Όλ‘ , μœ„κΈ°μ™€ μž¬λ‚œμ„ ν†΅ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” λ²”μ •λΆ€ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ μœ„κΈ°κ΄€λ¦¬μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ±„νƒν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€.

λ˜ν•œ, μ»¨νŠΈλ‘€νƒ€μ›Œλ₯Ό μƒμ‹œ μš΄μ˜ν•˜λ©°, λ¬Έμ œν•΄κ²° μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μš΄μ˜ν•˜κ³ , ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ν‘œμ€€ν˜„μž₯μ§€νœ˜μ²΄κ³„λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ ν˜„μž₯μ§€νœ˜μ— 쀑점을 두고 μžˆμŒμ„ 확인할 수 μžˆλ‹€.

μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ λ²”μ •λΆ€μˆ˜μ€€ μœ„κΈ°κ΄€λ¦¬ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ ꡬ좕함에 μžˆμ–΄ ꡰ이 주도적인 역할을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†λ‹€. μ •λΆ€μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ TFνŒ€μ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³ , ꡰ은 νŒ€μ˜ μΌμ›μœΌλ‘œ μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜μ—¬ μœ κ΄€κΈ°κ΄€κ³Ό 직접 μ†Œν†΅ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 채널을 ꡬ좕해야 ν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κ΅° μž‘μ „μˆ˜ν–‰κ³Όμ •μ„ 기본으둜 μ†Œλ°©κ³Ό κ²½μ°°μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” ν˜„μž₯μ§€νœ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ…Έν•˜μš°λ₯Ό κ²°ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ μΌμ›ν™”λœ λ―Όκ΄€κ΅° μ§€νœ˜μ²΄κ³„λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜λŠ”λ° κΈ°μ—¬ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.

2.2 ν¬κ΄„μ•ˆλ³΄κ°œλ… μ°¨μ›μ˜ CMκ³Ό ꡰ의 μ—­ν• 

λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ ν¬κ΄„μ•ˆλ³΄κ°œλ… μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œμ˜ CMκ³Ό ꡰ의 역할에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ² λ‹€. μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ„κΈ°κ°€ 점차 λ‹€μ–‘ν™”, λŒ€ν˜•ν™”λ¨μ— 따라 기쑴의 전톡적 κ΅°μ‚¬μœ„ν˜‘λŒ€λΉ„ μœ„μ£Όμ˜ μ•ˆλ³΄κ°œλ…μ€ μ΄ˆκ΅­κ°€μ , 비ꡰ사적 μœ„ν˜‘κΉŒμ§€ λ™μ‹œμ— λŒ€λΉ„ν•˜λŠ” 포괄적 μ•ˆλ³΄κ°œλ…μœΌλ‘œ ν™•λŒ€λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€(Office of National Security, 2013a; Office of National Security, 2013b; Ministry of National Defense, 2012). μœ„κΈ°κ΄€λ¦¬λΆ„μ•Ό 박사논문 쀑 μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬κ°€ κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ λΉ„μœ¨μΈ 32 %λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ 만큼 μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬λŠ” μ•ˆλ³΄μ—λ„ 크게 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” λΆ„μ•Όκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬ 윑ꡰ의 경우 ꡰ수참λͺ¨λΆ€μ—μ„œ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ ¨ 주무λ₯Ό λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°, λŒ€λ―Όμ§€μ› μ‹œ 전체적인 λΆ€λŒ€μš΄μ˜, 화생방에 λŒ€ν•œ 탐지와 예방, ν˜„ν–‰μž‘μ „μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 κ³ λ €ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ CBRNE에 λŒ€ν•œ μž¬λ‚œκ΄€λ¦¬ λ§ŒνΌμ€ μ •λ³΄μž‘μ „μ°Έλͺ¨λΆ€κ°€ μ£Όλ¬΄λΆ€μ„œκ°€ λ˜λŠ” 것을 κ²€ν† ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€.

λ˜ν•œ, Table 3μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄ κ΅­κ°€ μœ„κΈ°μ˜ 톡합적 관리λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 기본법 없이 μ•ˆλ³΄μƒν™©μ— 따라 κ΄€λ ¨λ²•λ Ήμ˜ 쀑볡이 λ°œμƒν•˜λ―€λ‘œ κ΄€λ ¨ κΈ°λŠ₯의 톡합과 유기적 ν˜‘λ ₯체계 ꡬ좕을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλ³΄μ™€ μž¬λ‚œμ„ μ•„μš°λ₯Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 기본법이 μ œμ •λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°(Public Administration and Security Committee, 2013), ꡰ은 해당법 상에 ꡭ민의 생λͺ…κ³Ό μž¬μ‚°μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œμ„œ CBRNE-CM κ°œλ…μ„ μ •λ¦½ν•˜μ—¬, ꡰ의 역할에 λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ…μ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것이닀. 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν‰μƒμ‹œ 화생방관련 μž¬λ‚œμ„ λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λΆ€μ„œ 및 μΌλ°˜μž¬λ‚œ κ°„ μ΄ˆλ™μ‘°μΉ˜λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œλ°©, κ²½μ°°κ³Ό 유기적인 ν˜‘λ ₯관계λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜μ—¬ μœ μ‚¬μ‹œ λŒ€μ‘λŠ₯λ ₯을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ Know-Howλ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” λ“± ꡐ윑 및 ν›ˆλ ¨μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 주도적인 역할을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

Table 3. Summary of Crisis Management Laws (Eun, 2010)

Category Related Laws
Common for wartime and peacetime Constitution, Framework Act on Civil Defense, Establishment of Homeland Reserve Forces Act
Wartime preparedness Common National War Instruction and Guideline (Presidential Directive)
Military Martial Law, Requisition Act
Non-military Emergency Resources Management Act (applied during peacetime)
Wartime Resources Management Act (applied during wartime)

2.3 λ―Έκ΅° CM λŒ€μ‘κΈ°κ΄€κ³Ό ν•œκ΅­κ΅° CM 쑰직 λ°œμ „λ°©ν–₯

미ꡭ은 Table 4에 μ œμ‹œν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ CM 지원을 μœ„ν•œ νŠΉμˆ˜μž„λ¬΄λ₯Ό λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ΅° 및 기타 정뢀기관듀을 μš΄μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” λ―Έκ΅° CM λŒ€μ‘κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μž„λ¬΄μ™€ λŠ₯λ ₯을 ν™•μΈν•˜κ³ , 이λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•œ ν•œκ΅­κ΅° CM 쑰직 λ°œμ „λ°©ν–₯을 μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€.

Table 4. Consequence Management Response Institutions of the U.S. Armed Forces (ROKA, 2007)

Institution Duties / Capability
Response institutions within DTRA (Defense Threat Reduction Agency) Operations Center Initial response through online assistance for CBRNE situations
Post Management Advisory Team Special technical intelligence and assistance of commander through provision of laws,
official information, health information, command and control, and resources
WMD Assessment and Analysis Center Advancement of virtual scenarios, war games, practices, and central network support
Joint Nuclear Event Cooperation Center Latest intelligence of the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy
CBR-related institutions Army Edgewood CB Command Technical and program support on the Department of Defense and related institutions
Army CB Command -CB Emergency Response Team Support on handling, detection, neutralization, blockade, and removal of dangerous materials
Army Special Task Force Teams, East / West Provision of military support and liaison officers to help private authorities
Marine Corps CB Response Forces Identification of biological agents, sampling, medical response, level A&B
Reserve Forces Chemical Reconnaissance Company Planned CBR reconnaissance, level A equipment
Army / Air Force WMD Civil Support Team Support on regional command / emergency response within 4 hours of distance
Reserve Forces Decontamination Company Support on decontamination of casualties in operation areas
Army Biological Detection Company Identification of biological agents and metal detection
Air Force Epidemiology Team Environmental and work assessment, assessment of non-combat casualties infected by diseases
Air Force Radioactivity Analysis and Assessment Team Sampling analysis, determination of threat level / type
Medical institutions Army Medical Headquarters Disaster Response Team Support on Asian regions and classification, decontamination, treatment, and stabilization of patients
Army Infectious Disease Research Institute Prevention of biological threat and infectious disease, training, expert advisory
Radioactivity and Biology Research Institute On-site training, response, expert advisory
Army Chemical Defense Institute Clinical advisory, counseling, training
Army Special Medical Reinforcement Team Disaster response including CBR events
Army Special Medical Reinforcement Team -Chemical and Biological Prevention of leakage, support on regional health authorities
Army Special Medical Reinforcement Team -Preventive Medicine Assessment of public health threats, support on public health authorities
Navy Medical Research Institute Provision of protection against biological threats, sampling (50 samples in 2 weeks), identification
Institutions in other fields Army Escort Forces Sampling and identification of global field operation samples, surveillance, restoration, decontamination, escort
Army / Navy Explosive Disposal Team Identification and removal of CBR ammunitions, survival skills for diverse environment

λ¨Όμ €, DTRA λ‚΄ λŒ€μ‘κΈ°κ΄€μ„ 보면, μž‘μ „μ„Όν„°, μžλ¬ΈνŒ€ 등을 두고 μžˆλŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°, ν•œκ΅­κ΅°μ—λŠ” 미ꡭ의 DTRA와 같은 역할을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” λΆ€μ„œκ°€ 아직 μ—†λ‹€. ν•©μ°Έ, μž‘μ „μ‚¬λ ΉλΆ€, 화생방 λΆ€λŒ€ 등에 μž„λ¬΄λ₯Ό μ£Όμ–΄ μœ κ΄€κΈ°κ΄€κ³Ό ν˜‘μ‘° ν•˜ λ―Όκ΄€κ΅° ν†΅ν•©λ°©ν˜Έ 및 사후관리 μž‘μ „μ„ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μƒμ‹œμ‘°μ§μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ , 운영 맀뉴얼도 λ―Έν‘ν•œ μƒνƒœμ΄λ‹€. μœ μ‚¬ μ‹œ 전문성을 가지고 μ μ‹œ μ μ ˆν•˜κ²Œ λŒ€μ²˜ν•˜λ €λ©΄ μƒμ‹œ μš΄μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 쑰직이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ ν•œκ΅­κ΅°λ„κ΅­λ°©λΆ€ ν˜Ήμ€ ν•©μ°Έ 내에 DTRA와 같은 쑰직을 두고 μž‘μ „μ„Όν„°, 사후관리 κ³ λ¬ΈνŒ€, λŒ€λŸ‰μ‚΄μƒλ¬΄κΈ° 평가 및 뢄석센터λ₯Ό 두어 CBRNE μ‚¬νƒœ λ°œμƒ μ‹œ μ μ ˆν•˜κ²Œ λŒ€μ²˜ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μƒμ‹œ μš΄μ˜ν•˜κ³ , 합동 ν•΅ 사건 ν˜‘λ ₯센터와 같은 쑰직을 λ‘λ˜ μ†Œλ°©, κ²½μ°°, 기타 μœ κ΄€κΈ°κ΄€μ€ λ¬Όλ‘  μ—°ν•©μžμ‚°κ³Όμ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯체계λ₯Ό ꡬ좕할 수 μžˆλŠ” 쑰직으둜 λ³΄κ°•ν•˜μ—¬ μš΄μ˜ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•œλ‹€.

λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ 화생방관련 λŒ€μ‘κΈ°κ΄€μ„ 보면, 탐지와 뢄석에 λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯이 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ κ°•ν™”λ˜μ–΄ 있으며, 화생사령뢀, κΈ‰μ†λŒ€μ›…νŒ€, μ˜ˆλΉ„κ΅° ν™”ν•™ μ •μ°° μ€‘λŒ€, 민간지원 νŒ€ λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μœ ν˜•μ˜ λΆ€λŒ€κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­κ΅°μ˜ 경우, λΆ€λŒ€μ˜ 수λ₯Ό λŠ˜λ¦¬κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€ 화생방 방호 사령뢀와 각 κ΅°λ‹¨μ˜ ν™”μƒλ°©λŒ€λŒ€λ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ 탐지와 뢄석을 κ°•ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것을 μ œμ•ˆν•œλ‹€.

미ꡭ의 사후관리 μ˜λ£ŒλŒ€μ‘κΈ°κ΄€μ€ κΈ°μˆ μ΄λ‚˜ μž₯λΉ„ 면에 μžˆμ–΄ 지역 보건당ꡭ을 μ§€μ›ν•˜κ³ , 지침을 μ œκ³΅ν•  μ •λ„μ˜ 전문성을 가지고 μžˆμŒμ„ 확인할 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 미ꡰ의 경우 λ―Έ 윑ꡰ μ˜λ£Œλ³ΈλΆ€μ— μž¬λ‚œμ§€μ›νŒ€μ΄ λ³„λ„λ‘œ νŽΈμ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, κ΅­κ΅°μ˜λ¬΄μ‚¬λ ΉλΆ€μ˜ 경우 μž¬λ‚œκ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ μƒμ‹œμ§μ±…μ€ ꡰ수처 μ†Œμ†μ˜ μž¬λ‚œ/μ˜μ–‘κ΄€λ¦¬μž₯ꡐ 1λͺ… 뿐이며, κ·Έλ§ˆμ €λ„ μž¬λ‚œ κ΄€λ ¨ 전문성을 κ°–μΆ˜ 인원은 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ©”λ₯΄μŠ€μ™€ 같은 사건이 λ°œμƒν•˜μ—¬ ꡰ의 좔가적인 지원이 ν•„μš”ν•œ 경우, λΆ€λŒ€λ³„ 인원을 μ°¨μΆœν•˜κ³  파견λͺ…령을 λ°œλ Ήν•˜μ—¬ μš΄μš©ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 전문성을 μœ μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ 싀정이닀. λ˜ν•œ ν•œκ΅­κ΅°μ—λ„ μ˜ν•™μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œκ°€ μžˆκΈ°λŠ” ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ—°κ΅¬μΈμ›λ“€μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ 단기 κ΅°μ˜κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ 지속적인 연ꡬ싀적을 λ‚΄κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅κ³ , ν™”μƒλ°©μ˜ν•™μ  지원에 λŒ€ν•œ 전문인λ ₯은 2019λ…„λΆ€ν„° μœ„νƒκ΅μœ‘μ„ 톡해 μ–‘μ„± μ€‘μœΌλ‘œ μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€λŠ” μ „λ¬΄ν•œ 싀정이닀. 이에 κ΄€λ ¨ 전곡에 λŒ€ν•œ 석박사 μ–‘μ„±κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ λ―Έ κ΄€λ ¨λΆ€μ„œλ‘œμ˜ 파견 및 μ—°μˆ˜μ‹œν–‰ λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 방법을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ΄€λ ¨ 뢄야에 λŒ€ν•œ 전문적이고 싀무적인 지식을 μŠ΅λ“ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ„ ν–‰λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  것이닀. λ˜ν•œ, νŠΉλ³„ μ˜λ¬΄μ¦μ›λŒ€μ‘νŒ€ λ“± λ³„λ„μ˜ λΆ€λŒ€λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ œν•œμ‚¬ν•­μ΄ μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ κΈ°μ‘΄ 사‧여단급 μ˜λ¬΄λΆ€λŒ€μ™€ μ „μ‹œμ— μ°½μ„€ν•˜μ—¬ μš΄μ˜ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μ˜ˆλ°©μ˜λ¬΄μ€‘λŒ€, μΉ˜λ£Œμ€‘λŒ€ 등에 μž₯λΉ„ 및 전문인λ ₯을 λ³΄κ°•ν•˜μ—¬ 쑰직을 ν™œμ„±ν™” μ‹œν‚€λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚¬ 것을 μ œμ•ˆν•œλ‹€.

κ·Έ 밖에 ν•œκ΅­κ΅°μ—λ„ 폭발물 μ²˜λ¦¬νŒ€μ΄ μžˆκΈ°λŠ” ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 화생방 탄약에 λŒ€ν•œ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ μ²˜λ¦¬μ™€ 식별은 μ œν•œλ˜λŠ”λ°, 뢁의 ν•΅ 및 화생방 μœ„ν˜‘μ€ λ¬Όλ‘ , μΆ”ν›„ WMD 해체 μž‘μ—… 간에도 전문적인 κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ³΄μœ ν•œ 인원듀은 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν•„μš”ν•  κ²ƒμ΄λ―€λ‘œ λ―Έ 폭발물 μ²˜λ¦¬νŒ€μ— μ€€ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ°–μΆœ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜μ—¬ 사후관리에 ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ€€λΉ„ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

3. κ²° λ‘ 

λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” ν•œκ΅­ λ‚΄ CM κ°œλ…μ„ μ •λ¦½ν•˜κ³  이λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ CMμ—μ„œμ˜ ꡰ의 μ—­ν• κ³Ό ν•œκ΅­κ΅° CM 쑰직 λ°œμ „λ°©ν–₯을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ꡬ체적인 쑰직별 λ°œμ „λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ κ΄€λ ¨ 뢄야에 λŒ€ν•œ μΆ”κ°€ 연ꡬ가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‚˜, μž¬λ‚œκ³Ό ν¬κ΄„μ•ˆλ³΄κ°œλ…μ„ μ—°κ΄€μ‹œν‚€κ³  아직 ꡭ내에 μ •λ¦½λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ CM의 κ°œλ…μ„ λ„μž…μ½”μž ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œλ„λΌλŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹Œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ 논문을 톡해 κ΅­λ‚΄ CM, CBRN CM, WMD CM에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°œλ…μ΄ μ •λ¦½λ˜κ³  κ΄€λ ¨ λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό 연ꡬ λ°œμ „μ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•  ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ κ³΅κ°ν•˜λŠ” 계기가 λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©΄ ν•œλ‹€.

Acknowledgements

λ³Έ 논문은 2019 CONVENTION 논문을 μˆ˜μ •Β·λ³΄μ™„ν•˜μ—¬ μž‘μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

References

1 
Eun, J. H. (2010). "A study for applying the system of U.S.'s CM (Consequence Management) to Korea -Focused on WMD-CM." Crisisonomy, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 31-50 (in Korean).
2 
Kim, J. P. (2018). Dictionary of military terms, English-Korean Korean-English abbreviation, Minjoongseolim (in Korean).
3 
Kim, T. H. and Youn, J. H. (2018). "A study on the system improvement for efficient management of large-scale complex disaster." Journal of the Korea Academic-Industrial Cooperation Society, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 176-183 (in Korean).
4 
Ministry of National Defense (2012). Defense white paper, 2012 (in Korean).
5 
Office of National Security (2013a). National crisis management basic guidelines, 2013 (in Korean).
6 
Office of National Security (2013b). National security strategy, 2013 (in Korean).
7 
Public Administration and Security Committee (2013). A report on review of the national crisis management framework act (in Korean).
8 
Quarantelli, E. L., (1984). Organizational behavior in disasters and implication for disaster planning, Report 18, Disaster Research Center, National Emergency Training Center Monograph Series (Washington, D.C: Government printing Office, 1984), Washington, D.C.
9 
Republic of Korea Army (ROKA) (2007). Joint CBRN technology information, Introduction of US CM system & response organization (in Korean).
10 
Republic of Korea Army (ROKA) (2014). FM operation- 5-2 CBRN operation (in Korean).
11 
Ryu, C. (2019a). Integrated disaster management theory I (PredictionsΒ·Prevention), Korea Disaster Response Research Institute (in Korean).
12 
Ryu, C. (2019b). Integrated disaster management theory II (ResponseΒ·Recover), Korea Disaster Response Research Institute (in Korean).
13 
Ryu, C. (2019c). Integrated disaster management theory IV (Command & Control), Korea Disaster Response Research Institute (in Korean).