Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Pusan National University)
  2. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Pusan National University)


์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ, ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜, ๋ธํƒ€์ง€์ˆ˜, ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„
Residential segregation, Dissimilarity index, Delta index, Spearmanโ€™s rank correlation analysis

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  •   1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์ 

  •   1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •

  •   1.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ํ™œ์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ

  • 2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

  •   2.1 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€

  •   2.2 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ค์ •

  •   2.3 ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„(Spearmanโ€™s rank Correlation analysis)

  • 3. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํŠนยท๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ

  •   3.1 ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€

  •   3.2 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์‚ฐ์ถœ

  • 4. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„

  •   4.1 ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰

  •   4.2 ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

  • 5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์ 

๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํ™”(ๅˆ†ๅŒ–, differentiation)๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„œ๋กœ ์ด์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ถ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ(ๅˆ†้›ข, segregation)๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ณ„์ธตยท์ธ์ข…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ํ์‡„์ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ถœ์ž… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ํ์‡„์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š”, 1,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์™€ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ, ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ˜•์˜ ํ์‡„์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ํ์‡„์„ฑ, ์ƒํ’ˆํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ•์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฐธ์—ฌํ˜• ๊ณ ๋ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ด€์˜ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋“ฏํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฆ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค.

1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ Fig. 1๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ƒยท์ค‘ยทํ•˜๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฒด์ปค๋ณด๋“œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•  ๋ธํƒ€์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์œ„์˜ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์œ„์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1

Research Process

Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_F1.jpg

1.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ํ™œ์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ

์†Œ๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์†Œ๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ, ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์˜ โ€œ์‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‹œ์Šคํ…œโ€์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. โ€œ์‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‹œ์Šคํ…œโ€์€ 2011๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „ยท์›”์„ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์ฒซ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์—ฐ๋„์ธ 2011๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž‘๋…„์ธ 2019๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 7๊ฐœ ํŠนยท๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ(์„œ์šธ, ์ธ์ฒœ, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ, ๋Œ€๊ตฌ, ๋Œ€์ „, ๊ด‘์ฃผ, ์šธ์‚ฐ)์˜ ์ „ยท์›”์„ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ํŠนยท๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์ฒญ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ โ€œ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ(20์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ) ํ˜„ํ™ฉโ€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ฐ„์ •๋ณดํฌํ„ธ์˜ โ€œํ–‰์ •๋™ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„โ€ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์˜ โ€œ์‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‹œ์Šคํ…œโ€์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ ๋„๋กœ๋ช… ์ฃผ์†Œ์™€ ์ง€๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ Naver API์™€ Python 3.8์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌํ•œ ์ขŒํ‘œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ์ž‘์—…์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ R 4.0.0์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒํŽธ์ง‘์€ QGIS 3.12.1์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋„๋กœ๋ช… ์ฃผ์†Œ์™€ ์ง€๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์†Œ์˜ ์ขŒํ‘œ๋ณ€ํ™˜์€ Python 3.8๊ณผ Naver API์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

2.1 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€

๋จผ์ € ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. โ€œ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ž€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ยท๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰ํƒœ์ ์ธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ œ๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹คโ€(Bong and Choi, 2015). ๊ฐ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ์‡„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด, ์ž์—ฐํžˆ ์„œ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ข…ยท์†Œ๋“์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋“๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Yoon, 1998; Lee, 2012; Bong and Choi, 2015).

์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ํ์‡„์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ฒŒ์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ(gated community)๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ ‘์ด‰์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ •๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ํŽธํ–ฅ์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์–ด์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(Gelรฉzeau, 2007). ๊ฒŒ์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ •์˜๋Š” โ€œ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์‚ฌ์œ ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์ถœ์ž…์ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ง€(Blakely and Snyder, 1997)โ€๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋Š” ์ถœ์ž…๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ถœ์ž… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋‹ด์žฅ, ๋Œ€๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ์‡„์ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ์„ฑ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Jung, 2012). ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒŒ์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธต๋ณ„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(le Goix and Vesselinov, 2015).

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Jung, 2012). ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณตํ•ฉ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์™€ ํƒ€์šดํ•˜์šฐ์Šค, ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์ง™๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค(Kim, 2004; Choi, 2008). ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€๋Š” 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€๋ž€ ์ธ์‹์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. โ€˜์ฃผํƒ 200๋งŒ ํ˜ธ ๊ฑด์„คโ€™๋กœ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผํƒ์€ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ƒ 1999๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹จ๋…์ฃผํƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จ๋…์ฃผํƒ ๋ฐ€์ง‘ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ, ๋‚ด์ง„์„ค๊ณ„, ํ•™๊ต, ๋†€์ดํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹จ๋…์ฃผํƒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์—ด์•…ํ•ด์กŒ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹จ๋…์ฃผํƒ ๋ฐ€์ง‘ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต, ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋Š” ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์‹์ด ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

1990๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„์–‘์‚ฌํƒœ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑด์„คํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์žฌ์ •์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๊ณผ์—ด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค(Lim, 2002). ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์ž…์ง€์š”๊ฑด, ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์†Œ๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์œ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ์ƒํ’ˆํ™” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค(Jun, 2009). ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆํ™”๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์  ์ž…์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์ธต ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค(Gelรฉzeau, 2007; Jun, 2009).

2020๋…„ 7ยท10 ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์šฉ์ ๋ฅ  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, 1,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ด์–ด๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ์‡„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํ’ˆํ™” ์„ฑํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋ถ€์‹คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ, ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋„ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ํ•  ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ฆ์  ๊ฒ€์ •์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹œยท๊ตฐยท๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ(Bong and Choi, 2015), ์†Œ์œ„ โ€˜๋ถ€์ดŒโ€™์ด๋‚˜ โ€˜ํŒ์ž์ดŒโ€™ ๋“ฑ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋„ค์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ์ด์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์€ ํ–‰์ •๋™ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค.

2.2 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ค์ •

2.2.1 ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜

๋ฉ”์‹œ์™€ ๋ดํŠผ์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ, 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Massey and Denton, 1988). ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ง€์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Yoon, 1998). ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ๋“ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ, ์ ˆ๋Œ€ํŽธ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ํ‰๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(Duncan and Duncan, 1955).

(1)
D = โˆ‘ i = 1 n t i ยท | p i - P | 2 T P ( 1 - P )

T : ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜

t i : ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜

P : ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋น„

p i : ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋น„

์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ 0์—์„œ 1์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•œ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 1์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด 0.3 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 0.3 ์ด์ƒ 0.6 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด 0.6๋ณด๋‹ค ํด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ™”์ดํŠธ(White, 1983)๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ ํ•œ โ€˜์ฒด์ปค๋ณด๋“œ ๋ฌธ์ œ(checkerboard problem)โ€™๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 2). Fig. 2์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ปค๋ณด๋“œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ถˆ๊ท ๋“ฑ๋„๋งŒ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ์ง‘์ค‘๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ, ์ฒด์ปค๋ณด๋“œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ง€์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ง€ํ‘œ, LISA (local indicators of spatial auto correlation)โ€™์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 2

The Checkerboard Problem (White, 1983)

Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_F2.jpg

2.2.2 ๋ธํƒ€์ง€์ˆ˜

๋ธํƒ€์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ€์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ํ›„๋ฒ„(Hoover, 1941)๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋˜์ปจ(Duncan et al., 1961)์ด ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธํƒ€์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ธํƒ€์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ธํƒ€์ง€์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋ธํƒ€์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋ฐ€์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ธํƒ€์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” 0์—์„œ 1์˜ ๊ฐ’1์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, 1์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐ€์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.

(2)
DEL = 1 2 โˆ™ โˆ‘ i = 1 n x i X - a i A

X : ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜

x i : ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜

A : ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฉด์ 

a i : ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฉด์ 

2.3 ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„(Spearmanโ€™s rank Correlation analysis)

์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์„ ํ˜•์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์ด๋‹ค. -1์—์„œ 1 ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, 0์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ๊ด€๊ณ„, -1์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€, +1์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์€ ๋‘ ์—ฐ์†ํ˜• ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์„ ํ˜•๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹จ์กฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ˜•๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ํ”ผ์–ด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๋•, ๋‘ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ •๊ทœ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ๋•Œ, ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •๊ทœ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ, ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค.

์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ•ด์„์€ ฯ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ฯ ๊ฐ’์€ โ€“1์—์„œ 1 ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‘ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์กฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. 0์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ •์˜ ๊ท€๋ฌด๊ฐ€์„ค์€ โ€˜๋‘ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค( ฯ =0)โ€™ ์ด๋‹ค. ฯ ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด 0.8 ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 0.4 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค. 0.4 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค(Newcastle University, 2020).

3. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํŠนยท๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ

3.1 ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ์ข…์˜ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์†Œ๋“์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‰๋‹น ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ž„๋Œ€์ฐจ๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์›”์„ธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์›”์„ธ์™€์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์›”์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ „์šฉ ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์›”์„ธ์™€์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ฐ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ฐ ๋…„๋„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Table 1).

(3)
L e v e l = D e p o s i t - p a r a m e t e r โˆ™   M o n t h l y r e n t A r e a

L e v e l : ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€(๏ฟฆ/ m 2 )

D e p o s i t : ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธˆ(๏ฟฆ)

M o n t h l y r e n t : ์›”์„ธ(๏ฟฆ)

A r e a : ์ „์šฉ ๋ฉด์ ( m 2 )

p a r a m e t e r : ์›”์„ธ์™€ ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธˆ ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํšŒ๊ท€๊ณ„์ˆ˜

Table 1.

OLS Result of Deposit and Monthly_Rent

Seoul Incheon Busan Daegu Daejeon Gwangju Ulsan
2011 observation 150,174 36,969 31,384 20,142 20,408 14,392 9,171
parameter -110.87 -133.93 -148.14 -116.55 -166.06 -101.64 -166.06
2012 observation 154,413 37,251 31,960 18,279 21,401 13,249 8,806
parameter -126.88 -139.77 -161.60 -150.89 -179.62 -114.47 -174.73
2013 observation 149,465 38,155 31,717 18,506 18,931 14,531 8,671
parameter -126.38 -149.49 -172.12 -155.60 -181.59 -111.27 -194.64
2014 observation 165,839 39,818 34,037 19,459 21,838 15,923 9,342
parameter -133.80 -164.00 -166.61 -150.43 -207.57 -146.57 -201.65
2015 observation 157,307 37,134 36,553 20,647 18,944 15,383 9,377
parameter -119.67 -182.94 -184.66 -144.87 -215.43 -159.00 -221.87
2016 observation 156,019 37,435 36,414 22,387 19,086 15,763 9,621
parameter -129.72 -207.87 -204.56 -132.21 -232.50 -199.24 -235.75
2017 observation 156,764 36,210 37,414 23,473 17,977 18,206 9,958
parameter -138.84 -206.29 -181.09 -115.82 -242.56 -222.95 -262.63
2018 observation 167,278 38,394 41,307 26,478 19,654 18,882 10,244
parameter -142.48 -218.31 -213.12 -161.12 -263.39 -225.38 -248.81
2019 observation 178,230 44,288 46,708 27,473 23,115 23,080 12,493
parameter -144.57 -224.05 -216.36 -160.91 -281.64 -230.23 -264.24

3.2 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์‚ฐ์ถœ

3.2.1 ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜

๊ตญ๋‚ด 7๊ฐœ์˜ ํŠนยท๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์˜ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0.3 ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉฐ, 0.6 ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ, ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ 5๋ถ„์œ„์—์„œ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 5๋ถ„์œ„์˜ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ Fig. 3๊ณผ Table 2๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์€ 9๊ฐœ๋…„ ์ค‘ 7๊ฐœ๋…„์˜ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0.6 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2017๋…„ ์ดํ›„, ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ 9๊ฐœ๋…„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์ด 0.3 ์ด์ƒ 0.6 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3

Dissimilarity Index Based on Housing Rent

Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_F3.jpg

Table 2.

Dissimilarity Index and Delta Index Based on Housing Rent

Seoul Incheon Busan Daegu Daejeon Gwangju Ulsan
2011 Dissimilarity Index 0.6689 0.5402 0.4928 0.4717 0.5905 0.4239 0.4823
Delta Index 0.7032 0.7511 0.7434 0.7564 0.7296 0.6465 0.7415
2012 Dissimilarity Index 0.6659 0.5406 0.5021 0.5001 0.5472 0.4561 0.4772
Delta Index 0.7057 0.7585 0.7430 0.7799 0.7044 0.6739 0.7511
2013 Dissimilarity Index 0.6313 0.5189 0.5467 0.4645 0.5808 0.5045 0.5107
Delta Index 0.6761 0.7375 0.7478 0.7912 0.7120 0.6769 0.7560
2014 Dissimilarity Index 0.6444 0.5540 0.5316 0.5422 0.5382 0.5753 0.4350
Delta Index 0.6789 0.7438 0.7507 0.8072 0.7406 0.6278 0.7492
2015 Dissimilarity Index 0.5991 0.5365 0.5421 0.5377 0.5413 0.4929 0.4310
Delta Index 0.6569 0.7279 0.7525 0.8031 0.7225 0.6158 0.7237
2016 Dissimilarity Index 0.6148 0.5445 0.5413 0.5592 0.5810 0.4529 0.5268
Delta Index 0.6703 0.7553 0.7730 0.7950 0.7259 0.6477 0.7485
2017 Dissimilarity Index 0.6012 0.5840 0.5322 0.6003 0.5128 0.5180 0.5051
Delta Index 0.6620 0.7540 0.7570 0.7980 0.7125 0.6492 0.7604
2018 Dissimilarity Index 0.6167 0.5563 0.5536 0.6346 0.5046 0.4883 0.5350
Delta Index 0.6592 0.7451 0.7689 0.8435 0.7289 0.6308 0.7643
2019 Dissimilarity Index 0.5820 0.5118 0.5517 0.6291 0.4566 0.4914 0.5116
Delta Index 0.6555 0.7125 0.7743 0.8020 0.5161 0.6028 0.7730

์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ 9๊ฐœ๋…„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด๋ถ„์„์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„๋ž˜, ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ”ผ์–ด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„( ฯ ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด 0.8 ์ด์ƒ)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์€ โ€œ์„œ์šธ-๋ถ€์‚ฐโ€, โ€œ๋Œ€๊ตฌ-๋Œ€์ „โ€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ฯ =-0.8199, ฯ =-0.8404์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ‰ํƒ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.2.2 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜

์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง‘์ค‘์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ธํƒ€์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ–‰์ •๋™์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ํ–‰์ •๋™๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์œ„์˜ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ธํƒ€์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์ „์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ„์œ„์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋งŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(4)
S e g r e g a t i o n = โˆ‘ i = 1 5 ( D i s s i m i l a r i t y + D e 1 t a ) = โˆ‘ i = 1 5 ( t i โˆ™ | p i - P | 2 T P ( 1 - P ) + 1 2 โˆ™ x i X - a i A )

i : ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ถ„์œ„(quintile)

๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ผด๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜, ์ •๊ทœ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Segregation Index์— ์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 7๊ฐœ ํŠนยท๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์˜ 2011๋…„๊ณผ 2019๋…„์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” Table 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด LISA ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. HH์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด๊ณ , LL์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. HL์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์€ ์•ฝํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•ด๋‹น ํ–‰์ •๋™์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. LH์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•ด๋‹น ํ–‰์ •๋™์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 3.

Difference Between Residential Segregation Area of 2011 and That of 2019

Year_2011 Year_2019 High Rank Low Rank
NS HH HL LH LL
Seoul Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-1.jpg Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-2.jpg Jamsil 2-dong
โŸถ Garak 2-dong
Donghwa-dong
โŸถ Changsin 1-dong
Dogok 2-dong
โŸถ Dogok 2-dong
Singil 4-dong
โŸถ Donghwa-dong
Jamsil 6-dong
โŸถ Garak 2-dong
Sungin 1-dong
โŸถ Suyu 2-dong
Sanggye 10-dong
โŸถ Sanggye 6ยท7-dong
Sungin 2-dong
โŸถ Sungin 2-dong
Jingwan-dong
โŸถ Sanggye 10-dong
Bugahyeon-dong
โŸถ Muak-dong
Incheon Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-3.jpg Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-4.jpg unseodong
โŸถ Yeongjong 1-dong
Geumchang-dong
โŸถ Geumchang-dong
Yeongjong-dong
โŸถ Songdo 3-dong
Juan 3-dong
โŸถ Juan 3-dong
Oryuwang Gil-dong
โŸถ unseodong
Soongeui 2-dong
โŸถ Songnim 2-dong
Samsan 2-dong
โŸถ Yeongjong-dong
Songnim 2-dong
โŸถ Dongincheon-dong
Gyesan 4-dong
โŸถ Gilsang-myeon
Bupyeong 6-dong
โŸถ Gajeong 3-dong
Busan Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-5.jpg Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-6.jpg Noksan-dong
โŸถ Noksan-dong
Bongnae 1-dong
โŸถ Donggwangdong
Cheolma-myeon
โŸถ Cheolma-myeon
Nampo-dong
โŸถ Bupyeong-dong
Gijang-eup
โŸถ Jangan-eup
Dongdaeshin 1-dong
โŸถ Choryang 2-dong
Jeonggwan-eup
โŸถ Jeonggwan-eup
Daecheong-dong
โŸถ Sujeong 1-dong
Ilgwang-myeon
โŸถ Gijang-eup
Choryang 2-dong
โŸถ Nampo-dong
Daegu Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-7.jpg Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-8.jpg Gachang-myeon
โŸถ Gachang-myeon
Bisan 6-dong
โŸถ Namsan 2-dong
Gongsan-dong
โŸถ Yuga-eup
Bisan 5-dong
โŸถ Pyeongri 1-dong
Dasa-eup
โŸถ Gongsan-dong
Namsan 3-dong
โŸถ Bisan 4-dong
Okpo-eup โŸถ Hyeonpung-eup Bisan 4-dong
โŸถ Naedang 2.3-dong
Nongong-eup
โŸถ Guji-myeon
Daeshin-dong
โŸถ Bisan 1-dong
Daejeon Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-9.jpg Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-10.jpg Sannae-dong
โŸถ Sannae-dong
Yongmun-dong
โŸถ Taepyeong 1-dong
Jinjam-dong
โŸถ Gujeuk-dong
Dae-dong
โŸถ Jayang-dong
Sanseong-dong
โŸถ Sanseong-dong
Yongdu-dong
โŸถ Busa-dong
Gwangeo 2-dong โŸถ Jinjam-dong Busa-dong
โŸถ Seongnam-dong
Sinseong-dong
โŸถ Wonsinheung-dong
Jungang-dong
โŸถ Jungang-dong
Gwangju Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-11.jpg Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-12.jpg Suwan-dong
โŸถ Konkuk-dong
Dongmyeong-dong
โŸถ Baegun 2-dong
Ilgok 2-dong
โŸถ Eoryong-dong
Jungheung 3-dong
โŸถ Yang 3-dong
Daechon-dong
โŸถ Daechon-dong
Nongseong 2-dong
โŸถ Jisan 1-dong
Yangsan-dong โŸถ Cheomdan 2-dong Yang-dong
โŸถ Jungheung 3-dong
Konkuk-dong
โŸถ Suwan-dong
Jungheung 2-dong
โŸถ Wolsan 5-dong
Ulsan Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-13.jpg Figure_KSCE_40_06_10_T3-14.jpg Sangbuk-myeon
โŸถ Sangbuk-myeon
Yaksa-dong
โŸถ Ilsan-dong
Eonyang-eup
โŸถ Eonyang-eup
Hakseong-dong
โŸถ Jungang-dong
Mugeo-dong
โŸถ Nongso 3-dong
Bangu 1-dong
โŸถ Sinjeong 5-dong
Onyang-eup โŸถ Gangdong-dong Jungang-dong
โŸถ Nammok 1-dong
Nongso 2-dong
โŸถ Nongso 2-dong
Boksan 2-dong
โŸถ Bangu 2-dong

์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›๋„์‹ฌ ์ผ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ณผํ•™์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์‹ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ๋Œ€์—์„œ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํŠนยท๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” โ€˜๋ถ€์ดŒโ€™๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ์™€ ๊ด‘์ฃผ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ๋Š” ๋„์‹ฌ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํƒ์ง€๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ์™ธ๊ณฝ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ ์ง€์ž์ฒด์˜ ์‹ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ฐ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์›๋„์‹ฌ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„

4.1 ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰

4์žฅ์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋‘ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ–‰์ •๋™๋ณ„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ๊ฐ’( ln ( S e g r e g a t i o n ) ). ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ–‰์ •๋™๋ณ„ 1,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค(Table 3). ์™œ๋„์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด 3์„ ๋„˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ฒจ๋„์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด 8์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด, ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ •๊ทœ๋ถ„ํฌ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kline, 2005). ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์ •๋™๋ณ„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ •๊ทœ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ–‰์ •๋™๋ณ„ 1,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์ •๊ทœ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ํ”ผ์–ด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„๋ชจ์ˆ˜์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ์กด์žฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ G-Power๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ 75๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ, ฯ ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด 0.4 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šธ์‚ฐ(53๊ฐœ ๋™)์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋Š”, 75๊ฐœ ๋™ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ด€์ธก์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šธ์‚ฐ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํŠนยท๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” 0.4 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์—ฐ๋„๋Š” 2018๋…„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 20์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฒฉ๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ธ 2018๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ผํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Table 4).

Table 4.

Descriptive Statistics of Variables

N Mean S.D Min Max skewness kurtosis
Seoul LN (Segregation) 419 -4.880 0.840 -6.790 -5.530 0.3139 2.440
Large.APT 419 1.85 2.012 0 10 1.287 4.345
Incheon LN (Segregation) 132 -3.850 1.117 -6.540 -1.200 -0.0017 2.382
Large.APT 132 1.144 1.616 0 8 1.660 5.589
Busan LN (Segregation) 196 -4.384 1.194 -7.280 -0.727 -0.0254 3.275
Large.APT 196 0.779 1.464 0 10 2.780 13.000
Daegu LN (Segregation) 134 -4.070 1.313 -6.960 -1.070 -0.0337 2.347
Large.APT 134 0.784 1.334 0 6 2.212 7.859
Daejeon LN (Segregation) 77 -3.200 1.004 -5.640 -1.250 -0.0100 2.521
Large.APT 77 1.23 1.580 0 7 1.745 6.219
Gwangju LN (Segregation) 86 -3.472 1.181 -5.729 -0.764 -0.055 2.302
Large.APT 86 0.802 1.235 0 7 2.190 9.426
Ulsan LN (Segregation) 53 -2.740 0.869 -4.400 -1.010 0.0487 1.848
Large.APT 53 0.774 0.891 0 4 1.445 5.438

4.2 ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Table 5๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ•ด์„์€ 2.3 ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ฯ ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด 0.8 ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 0.4 ๋ณด๋‹ค ํด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šธ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด‘์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์šธ์‚ฐ์€ ฯ ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด 0.4๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์ฃผ๋Š” ฯ ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด 0.4๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์•„, ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ฯ ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์–‘(+)์˜ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ํ–‰์ •๋™์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ตฌ( ฯ =0.5841), ์„œ์šธ( ฯ =0.5534), ์šธ์‚ฐ, ์ธ์ฒœ, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ, ๋Œ€์ „ ๊ด‘์ฃผ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ๋Š” 5๋ถ„์œ„์˜ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋„์‹œ์ด๋‹ค. 2018๋…„์˜ 5๋ถ„์œ„์˜ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ˆœ์œ„์™€, ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋Š” ์šธ์‚ฐ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 5.

Correlation Between LN (Segregation) Index and The Number of Large Apartment

Seoul Incheon Busan Daegu Daejeon Gwangju Ulsan
Spearman Correlation rho 0.5534 0.4393 0.4328 0.5841 04099 0.3612 0.4714
p-value <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0002 0.0006 Insufficient Data

์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์–‘(+)์˜ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋กœ, ๊ฐ ํ–‰์ •๋™์—์„œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Œ์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

ํ์‡„์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€๋Š” ํ์‡„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒํ’ˆํ™”๋œ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋จผ์ € ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํŠนยท๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์˜ 9๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ „ยท์›”์„ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ „์ˆ˜์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(์ด 272๋งŒ 3927๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ). ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์˜ค๊ฐ”์œผ๋ฉฐ ํƒ€ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋„์‹œ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์€ ์ฐจ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ƒ์ด์ง€์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ด๋Š” ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ์†Œ๋“๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์€ ํ‰ํƒ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์ถœ์ž…์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค,

์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ด‘์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ์‡„์„ฑ์ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ ๋“ฏํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์‹ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ํ•„์ง€ ๋‹จ์œ„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๋”์šฑ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์‹œํ‹ฐ ํ˜์‹ ์ธ์žฌ์œก์„ฑ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…(2๋…„)์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ.

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