Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ์ •ํšŒ์› โ€ค ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์‹œํ‹ฐ์œตํ•ฉ์ „๊ณต ์„๋ฐ•ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ณผ์ • (Sungkyunkwan University โ€ค toco717@skku.edu)
  2. ์ •ํšŒ์› โ€ค ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์‹œํ‹ฐ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์„๋ฐ•ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ณผ์ • (Sungkyunkwan University โ€ค ppwinaung06@skku.edu)
  3. ์ •ํšŒ์› โ€ค ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์‹œํ‹ฐ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Sungkyunkwan University โ€ค sanyukta.28@g.skku.edu)
  4. ์ •ํšŒ์› โ€ค ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์‹œํ‹ฐ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ต์ˆ˜, ๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ (Sungkyunkwan University โ€ค ckckicun@skku.edu)
  5. ์ข…์‹ ํšŒ์› โ€ค ๊ต์‹ ์ €์ž โ€ค ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜, ๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ (Corresponding Author โ€ค Sungkyunkwan University โ€ค shparkpc@skku.edu)



๋…ธํ›„ํ™” ๊ต๋Ÿ‰, ๊ท ์—ด, ์†์ƒ, ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ, BIM, ์ฆ๊ฐ•ํ˜„์‹ค
Aging bridges, Cracks, Damage, Maintenance, BIM, Augmented reality

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

2030๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์ฒด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ์ค‘ 21,737๊ฐœ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์šฉ์—ฐ์ˆ˜ 30๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ•๊ดด ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋„ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค(Park et al., 2020). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ , ๋…ธํ›„ํ™” ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ „๋ฌธ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋…๊ด€์˜ ์œก์•ˆ ๊ฒ€์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์ €ํ•˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธํ›„ํ™” ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์กด 2D ๋„๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋‚˜, ํ˜‘์—… ์—…๋ฌด๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž BIM์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” BIM ์ฐธ์กฐ ํ‘œ์ค€์ธ IFC(Industry Foundation Classes)๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, BIM์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ SDC(Spatial Development lifeCycle)์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ „๋žต์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kalogianni et al., 2020). ํ•œ๊ตญ์‹œ์„ค์•ˆ์ „๊ณต๋‹จ์€ 2018๋…„ BIM์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ ๊ฒ€์—…๋ฌด์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ๊ฒ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์ ๊ฒ€ ์ด๋ ฅ์„ ์กฐํšŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” BIM๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” BIM๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , BIM๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ICT/IoT๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, AR/VR๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ํ˜„์‹ค ์œตํ•ฉํ˜• ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒ€ ํ›„ ์ข…์ด ์™ธ๊ด€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ง๋„์— ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  CAD ์ „์‚ฐ๋ง์— ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ICT(Information & Communication Technology)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ PC์— ๋„๋ฉดํ™” ๋œ 2D CAD ์™ธ๊ด€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ง๋„์— ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉด, ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ž๋™ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์™ธ๊ด€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ง๋„์˜ ์ „์‚ฐํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lee et al., 2022). ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด Unity 3D Engine์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์‚ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ , DB์™€ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ UI(User Interface)๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ˜„์žฅ์— AR์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ BIM์— ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ AR(Augmented Realty)๋ฅผ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ํšจ์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ (Choi, 2009), ๊ฑด์„ค ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ˜• AR ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Portalรฉs et al., 2018).

์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋น„๊ตใ†๋Œ€์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค(Yoon and Lee, 2023). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” AR ๊ฒ€์ธก์ง€์› ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. AR ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ฒ€์ธก ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , BIM ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ธก ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก BIM to AR๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ธก๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, BIM to AR์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ โ€˜๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฐ๋…์ž ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ง€์› ๋ฐฉ์•ˆโ€™์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก 

2.1 BIM to AR ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ธก ๊ฐ๋…์ž์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์–ผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ ๊ฒ€ ๊ฐ๋…์ž์˜ ๊ฒ€์ธก ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์›์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด, ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์†์ƒ ์ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ด๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ C# ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด XLSX ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ตฌํ˜„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , AR๊ธฐ๊ธฐ BIM ๋ Œ๋”๋ง ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” Unity 3D Engine์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Research Model
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.1.0001/fig1.png

2.2 ๊ฑด์„ค ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฐ๋…์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๊ฒ€๊ฒ€ ๊ฒ€์ธก์š”์†Œ ์ •์˜

์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํ˜„์žฅ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ข… ์‹œํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ , ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ฒฐํ•จ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜, ๋ณด๊ฐ• ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์™€ ๊ตญํ† ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์›์€ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„๋ฒ• ์ œ 21์กฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น ์ œ 17์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ โ€˜์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹ค์‹œ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ง€์นจ(์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€ใ†์ง„๋‹จ ํŽธ)โ€™์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ• ์ œ 7์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ œ1์ข…์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ, ์ œ2์ข…์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ์ œ3์ข…์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์ •๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€, ์ •๋ฐ€์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€, ๊ธด๊ธ‰์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€, ์ •๋ฐ€์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฃผ์ฒด๋Š” ์†Œ๊ด€ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ฒ€์ธก ๊ฐ๋…์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€ ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ง€์นจ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ๊ฒ€ ์‹œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€ ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€, ์ •๋ฐ€์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€, ์ •๋ฐ€์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ, ์ •๋ฐ€์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€ใ†๊ธด๊ธ‰์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฐ€์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€ํ† , ๋ณด์ˆ˜ใ†๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹ค์‹œ, ๋ณด์ˆ˜ใ†๋ณด๊ฐ• ํ™•์ธ์˜ 6๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ •๋„๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธด๊ธ‰์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€, ์•ˆ์ „์กฐ์น˜ ์ดํ–‰์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๋…์ž์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์ ๊ฒ€ ๋ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ BIM ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์™ธ๊ด€์กฐ์‚ฌ(๊ฒฐํ•จ ๋ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ดฌ์˜)๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋น„๊ต๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, AR์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ ๊ฒ€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์™€ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ฒ€์ธก ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฐ๋…์ž์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ง€์›์— ํฐ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด AR์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ ๋ณ„๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด, ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ ฅ(์†์ƒ ์ด๋ ฅ, ์†์ƒ ์›์ธ, ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์†์ƒ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ใ†๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋“ฑ)์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ•ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 2. Work Flow Chart of Safety Management
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2.3 3D ์—”์ง„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ AR ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜

AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Unity 3D Engine์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Unity๋Š” 3D ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์ปจํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ™˜๊ฒฝ(Integrated Development Enviroment, IDE)๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค(Kim et al., 2017). ๋˜ํ•œ, BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ™•์žฅ์ž์ธ FBX๋ฅผ Unity ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์—…๋กœ๋“œ ์ง€์›๊ณผ, AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ UI(User Interface)์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ Tool์„ ์ง€์›ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฐ๋…์ž ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง€์› ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์ข…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ, IOS ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ , BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ธกํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์ง€์นจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ•  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋Š” Fig. 3์™€ ๊ฐ™์•„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์ง€์นจ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ๊ฒ€์—…๋ฌด, ์ฃผ์š”์ ๊ฒ€๋ถ€์œ„ ํ™•์ธ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—…๋ฌด๋Š” ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ์—…๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒŒ์•… ๋ฐ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ๊ฒ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ ฅ, ๋ณด์ˆ˜ใ†๋ณด๊ฐ• ์ด๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ์ฒด ์„ ํƒ ์‹œ ํ‘œ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค. AR๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•œ BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์™ธ๊ด€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ง๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ž…๋ ฅ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Unity ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํด๋ฆญ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ • ์ดํ›„ Unity 3D Engine์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AR ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3. AR Environment Development Process
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2.4 AR ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ ์—ฐ๋™

Unity๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ UI ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๋™์€ Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค. ์ ๊ฒ€ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์›ํ™œ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰œ๋‹ค.

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์›ํ™œํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•  ๊ฐ์ฒด์™€ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์›ํ™œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฐ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๋™์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ Unity์˜ ๋กœ์ปฌ ์—์…‹ ๋ฒˆ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋กœ์ปฌ ์—์…‹ ๋ฒˆ๋“ค์ด๋ž€, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์›ํ™œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋กœ์ปฌ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์— ์ €์žฅ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋‹ค. ๋กœ์ปฌ ์—์…‹ ๋ฒˆ๋“ค์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์žฌ์ •๋ณด, ๋จธํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์–ผ, ์†์ƒ์ด๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์ผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ€์ธก์—…๋ฌด ์ง€์› ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ค‘ ์„ ๋ณ„๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ธก์—…๋ฌด ์ง„ํ–‰์‹œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒ€ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ธก ์—…๋ฌด ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ตฌ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋งค์นญ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋งค์นญ์€ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์•„์ด์ฝ˜ ํ„ฐ์น˜ ์‹œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฐ์ฒด์™€ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งค์นญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ์— ์ €์žฅ๋œ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” Data.xlsx์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—‘์…€ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, Unity Engine์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—‘์…€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์€ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—‘์…€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ xlsx ํ˜•์‹์€ ํŠน์ • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ์˜์กด์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— csv ํ˜•์‹์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค(Kim, 2013). ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋งค์นญ ๊ณผ์ •์€ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, Unity ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ ํŠธ ๋งค์นญ, ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ตฌํ˜„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์ด 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ Table 1์€ ์ •์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ Raw Data์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 4. Data Integration Flow Using Unity
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.1.0001/fig4.png
Table 1. Raw Data

Systems

Logical

Data Name

Physical

Data Name

Data classification

Tag

Field Name

(Logic)

Field type

Field Value Range

Terms (standard)

Terms English abbreviations

โ€ฆ

Detection

Detection

Plan Information

prcss_ plan_ info

Detection Management

Detection_ Planning_ Information

Detection Process Activity Name

string

50

Work Contents

job_cd

โ€ฆ

Activity measures

number

ใ€€

the amount of measurement

enwk_amnt

Activity Measurement Units

string

50

a unit of measurement

enwk_unt

Detection History

prcss_ his_ info

Detection Management

Detection_ Planning_ Information

Prior Activity

string

50

Prior work

prec_job

Prior Activity Progress Chart

number

ใ€€

Prior work

Progress rate

prec_job_ prgs_rt

Follow-up Activity

string

50

Follow-up Work

aft_job

Activity Distribution

string

50

Work Distribution

job_spsm

Activity Distribution Parameters

string

50

Work Distribution Value

job_spsm_val

Activity Performance Crew Type

string

50

Working group type

wkgr_kind

โ€ฆ

โ€ฆ

๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ์ ๊ฒ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด XLSX ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์ž๋Š” Unity ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Raw Data์ธ .xlsx ํ™•์žฅ์ž๋ฅผ Unity ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ ํŠธ์— ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ ํŠธ์™€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ์•ž์„  2๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” AR ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด๋‚˜ ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ PC๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๊นŒ์ง€ C# Scrips๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ Fig. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5. AR Environment Data Linkage Flow
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.1.0001/fig5.png

3. ๊ฒ€์ธก ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ AR ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

3.1 BIM to AR ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋น„๊ตใ†๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ธก ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ธก ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ํ™•์ธ์€ Unity์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์— ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ Unity ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž UI ์ปจํŠธ๋กค, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค, C# ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™” ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋กœ๋”ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ BIM์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„ ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ Mesh ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋งŒ ๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Fig. 6์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ‰๊ท  FPS๋Š” ์•ฝ 61, ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 285๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋ก BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ‘œ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, ํ‘œ, ๋ฌธ์„œ, ์Šคํฌ๋กค ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, Fig. 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ น์— ์•Œ๋งž์€ ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ ํŠธ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋„ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ์—†์ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 6. BIM Model FPS Comparison: (a) Before Optimization, (b) After Optimization
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.1.0001/fig6.png
Fig. 7. UI and Database Linkage Testing Through C# Source Coding
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.1.0001/fig7.png

3.2 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๋™ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ์™€ ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ ํŠธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ ํŠธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ™•์ธ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ Unity ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์— ์ €์žฅ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Raw Data์ธ XlSX ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ Unity์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋กœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด csv ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ ์…€์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ์ง€ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋งŒ ํ‘œํ•œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, 1ํ–‰ 1์—ด์˜ ์…€์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋‚ ์งœ์— ๊ท ์—ด ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ํ‘œ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ท ์—ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ‘œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ํ™•์ธ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋Š” XLSX ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์„œ ๋ฐ ํ‘œ ํ˜•์‹, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํ˜•์‹์ธ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ํ„ฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ท ์—ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ํ‘œ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์‚ฌ์†์ƒ ์ด๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™”์‚ดํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ„ฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ ๊ท ์—ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, ๊ท ์—ด ์ด๋ ฅ์˜ ์กฐํšŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์Šคํฌ๋กค ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์— ์ €์žฅ๋œ XLSX ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ด๊ณ , ์ €์žฅ๋œ string ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์–ด ์ง€์ •๋œ ์…€์— ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Int ๋ฐ number ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ˜•์‹ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ C# ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ ํ˜•์‹ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 8. Application Simulation In Unity: (a) BIM Data, (b) Data Linking
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.1.0001/fig8.png

BIM-AR ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ์‹ค์ œ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์— ์„ค์น˜ ํ›„ Fig. 9๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด์„ ํ„ฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ํ„ฐ์น˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ•˜์ด๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ท ์—ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ(๊ฒ€์ˆ˜ ์ผ์ž, ๊ฒฐํ•จ์š”์†Œ, ๊ท ์—ด ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ฑ)์ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ UI๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์œ ์‚ฌ ์†์ƒ ์ด๋ ฅ ์กฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์†์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ใ†๋ณด๊ฐ• ์—…๋ฌด ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ํ‘œ์ถœ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. XLSX ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๊ฒ€์ธก ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์› ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ UI๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‘œ์™€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์ƒ์—์„œ XLSX ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ธก ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์› ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋„ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. AR ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ ํ™•์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์ธ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๋™ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋™๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋„ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 9. BIM - AR Application: (a) App, (b) Mobile Phone Installation and Actual Test
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.1.0001/fig9.png

์œ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด XLSX ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ C# ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—ฐ๋™, AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ UI๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ‘œ์ถœ(ํ‘œ, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, ๋ฌธ์„œ ๋“ฑ), BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ Œ๋”๋ง, BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด ์ •๋ณด ํ‘œ์ถœ์„ AR ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.3 ํ˜„์žฅ ์ž‘์—…์ž ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ AR ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฐ๋…์ž ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ๋…์ž 55๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฐ๋…์ž๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ 6๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ๋…์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ „ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์ฒดํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ๋…์ž์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ง€์›์— ์ด์ ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ์˜ ์‘๋‹ต ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๊ด€์‹ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๋…์ž์˜ ์ฒดํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๋ฌธํ•ญ์€ ์ด 16๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณตํ†ต ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ 5๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ AR ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€ 5์  ์ค‘ 4.5์ , ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ 89.8%์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ถ•์ด๋‚˜ ์—…๋ฌด ํšจ์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ 4.4์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ 88.7%์˜€๋‹ค. ํœด๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์€ 4.3์ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ํ–ฅ 86.2%. ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ 4.4์ , ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ํ–ฅ 87.6%์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๋…์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 4.9์ ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ํ–ฅ 98.5%๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋…์ž๋“ค์€ AR ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ 90.16%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋„์ž…๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž‘์—… ํšจ์œจ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

Table 2. Validation of Usability for Field Supervisors
(Response: 55 people)

Category

Scores

(points)

Intent to use

(%)

1

BIM to AR

Application

Necessity

4.5/5

89.8

2

Efficiency

4.4/5

88.7

3

Convenience

4.3/5

86.2

4

Accessibility

4.4/5

87.6

5

Usability

4.9/5

98.5

Average intention to use

90.16%

์ฃผ๊ด€์‹ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ๋Š” AR์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ธก ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์›(BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ AR ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ท ์—ด ํ™•์ธ, ์†์ƒ ์ด๋ ฅ ์กฐํšŒ, ์œ ์‚ฌ ์†์ƒ ์ด๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋“ฑ) ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ, โ€˜AR์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํšจ์œจ์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒโ€™, โ€˜์™ธ๊ด€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ง๋„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•  3D ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”โ€™, โ€˜๊ฒ€์ธก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ AR์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ฒ€์ธก ํšจ์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋„์›€โ€™, โ€˜๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ, ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋„์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จโ€™์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฐ๋…์ž์˜ ๊ฒ€์ธก ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด BIM to AR ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. AR ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์€ ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๋…์ž์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒ€์ธก ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„๋กœ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ฒ€์ธก ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ง์ ‘ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ, BIM ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋งค์นญ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ์— ์ €์žฅ๋œ XLSXํ˜•์‹ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ์ถ•์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์‹œํ•œ AR ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฐ๋…์ž ๊ฒ€์ธก ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ง€์› ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ธก ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฒ€์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด, BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ AR ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒ€์ธก ์—…๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ง€์›์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”์—†์ด ๊ฒ€์ธก ์—…๋ฌด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” GPS๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ AR์— ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ BIM ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งค์นญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธก ์—…๋ฌด๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒ€์ธก๊ณผ ๊ณ„์ธก์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์ธก ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported in part by โ€œNational R&D Project for Smart Construction Technology (22SMIP-A158708- 03)โ€ funded by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and managed by the Korea Expressway Corporation. โ€œthrough Korea Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport(MOLIT) as ใ€ŒInnovative Talent Education Program for Smart Cityใ€โ€ and in part by Research Program to Solve Regional Convergence Issues (RS-2023-00270205) through NRF (National Research Foundation of Korea), both funded by Ministry of Science and ICT.

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