Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ์ •ํšŒ์› ยท ํ•œ๊ตญํ•ด์–‘๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์› ํ•ด์–‘ICTยท๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›(์„ ์ž„๊ธ‰), ๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ (Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology ยท ysha@kiost.ac.kr)
  2. ์ข…์‹ ํšŒ์› ยท ๋ถ€๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ•ด์–‘๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜, ๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ (Pukyong National University ยท Ocean engineering Department ยท yuntkim@pknu.ac.kr)
  3. ์ข…์‹ ํšŒ์› ยท ๊ต์‹ ์ €์ž ยท ํ•œ๊ตญํ•ด์–‘๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์› ํ•ด์–‘ICTยท๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›, ๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ (Corresponding Auhor ยท Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology ยท omyhak@kiost.ac.kr)



์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ, FWD ์‹œํ—˜, ์ฒ˜์ง, LiDAR ๊ณ„์ธก, ์นจํ•˜
Block pavement, FWD test, Deflection, LiDAR, Settlement

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰๋œ ์—ฐ์•ฝ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์œ„์— ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ•˜์ค‘ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์šดํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถ€๋“ฑ ์นจํ•˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํฌ์žฅ ํ”ผํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ํฌ์žฅ ํ˜•์‹์€ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•ญ๋งŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฑด์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค(Ahn et al., 2001). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์€ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ธ ๋ ˆ์ผ, ์˜ค๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์„ค, ์‡„์„ ํฌ์žฅ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ† ๋ชฉ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ 10๋…„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์งง์€ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํฌ์žฅ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค(Lee et al., 2010). ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ค‘์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋„๋กœ์—์„œ ์†Œ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์šด์˜์„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ •์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„, ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์œ ์ง€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋™ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์€ ์œ ์ง€ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šด์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lee et al., 2003). ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ตํ†ต ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€๋ถ„์  ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ๋งŒ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ๋‚ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์šดํ–‰ ๊ทœ์ •์€ 20 km/h๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(Kim et al., 2020), ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 70 km/h ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ๊ตํ†ต ์†๋„์— ์ ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์„ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฅ์ ๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์นจํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์žฅ์ฒด์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ธ”๋ก์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํฌ์žฅ๊ฐ€์†์‹œํ—˜์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Han et al., 2017; Jung et al., 2008; Shackel, 1980b; Miura et al., 1984; Yaginuma et al., 1998). ๋น„ํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์จ FWD(falling weight deflectometer) ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋‚˜(Lee and Le, 2023; Mehta and Roque, 2003; Diaz Flores et al., 2023), ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ณต ์ดํ›„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์นจํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌดํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ์ฒด ์‹œ๊ณต ์ดํ›„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋“ฑ ์นจํ•˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” FWD ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํฌ์žฅ์ฒด์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์นจํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์นจํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์นจํ•˜๊ณ„, ์ธต๋ณ„ ์นจํ•˜๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์น˜์ง€์  ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์นจํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) ๋ฐ 3์ฐจ์› ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ(TLS; Terrestrial Laser Scanner) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์›๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„์ธก ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์Šค์บ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Hu et al.(2019)์€ LiDAR๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Lee et al.(2023)์€ ๋“œ๋ก  ๋ฐ LiDAR ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ„์ฒ™์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์••๋ฐ€ ์นจํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Tapete et al.(2013)์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ๊ฐ€์†์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์šดํ–‰ ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์žฌํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตญ์ง€์ ์ธ ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋ฐ ์นจํ•˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์นจํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ์‹œ๊ณต ์ดํ›„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์นจํ•˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ MMS(mobile mapping system)๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” LiDAR ๊ณ„์ธก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋งŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— FWD ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํฌ์žฅ์ฒด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ๊ณตํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , OOํ•ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์žฅ์น˜์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต ๋ฐ ์šด์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์นจํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ์ „ํ›„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ FWD(Falling weight deflectormeter) ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ LiDAR ๊ณ„์ธก์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์ผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ FWD ์‹œํ—˜์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ง€์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ์‹œ๊ณต ์งํ›„ ๋ฐ 7๊ฐœ์›” ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ›„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, LiDAR ๊ณ„์ธก์€ ์‹œ๊ณต ์งํ›„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  5, 10๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•œ ํ›„์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ๋กœ์จ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํฌ์žฅ์ฒด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์นจํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

2.1 ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก

Fig. 1์€ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ํฌ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‘๊ป˜, ํฌ๊ธฐ, ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฌ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ(Clack, 1978; Miura et al., 1984; Shackel, 1980a; Shackel et al., 1993; Panda and Ghosh, 2001), ๋ธ”๋ก์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Panda and Ghosh, 2002). ๋˜ํ•œ, 3์ฐจ์› ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ—ค๋ง๋ณธ ํŒจํ„ด(Fig. 1(b))์ด ์ˆ˜์งํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ œ๋™ ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ณ€์œ„๋„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Mampearachchi and Gunarathna, 2010). ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ•ญ๋งŒ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์„ค๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ธ”๋ก๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธธ์ด์™€ ํญ, ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ธธ์ด 250 mm, ํญ 120 mm, ๋‘๊ป˜ 160 mm์˜ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ก์€ ํœจํŒŒ๊ดด ํ•˜์ค‘ ์‹œํ—˜, ํก์ˆ˜์œจ ์‹œํ—˜, ๋™๊ฒฐ์œตํ•ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜, ๋…ธ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿผ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋ธ”๋ก์€ 70 MPa์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, 7 MPa์˜ ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋ธ”๋ก๋“ค๊ณผ ์ค„๋ˆˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 1(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ—ค๋ง๋ณธ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ์‹œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Harbor Concrete Blocks and Laying Patterns of Block Pavement: (a) Harbor Concrete Block, (b) Herringbone Pattern
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.2.0203/fig1.png

2.2 ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ณต ํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 2๋Š” ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์žฅ์น˜์žฅ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก ์‹œ๊ณต ์ด์ „ ์ง€ํ˜• ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋ธ”๋ก ์‹œ๊ณต ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์žฅ์น˜์žฅ ๋ถ€์ง€๋Š” ์„œํŽธ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ๋™ํŽธ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„œํŽธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํ‘œ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ค€ 4.267 m, ๋™ํŽธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํ‘œ๊ณ ๋Š” 4.992 m์ด๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์ด ์‹œ๊ณต๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€์ง€๋กœ์จ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์žฅ์น˜์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์˜ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฆฌ์น˜์Šคํƒœ์ปค, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ž˜๋“ค ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ค‘ํ•˜์ค‘ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํžˆ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๋ฆฌ์น˜์Šคํƒœ์ปค๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ค‘ํ•˜์ค‘ ์žฅ๋น„ ์šดํ–‰ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตํ†ต ์—ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”ผํ•ดํšจ๊ณผ, ํœ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ•˜์ค‘ ๊ฐ„์„ญ, ๋™์ ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์œคํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์‚ฐ์ค‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์น˜์Šคํƒœ์ปค(๋‹จ์ถ•๋‹จ๋ฅœ 1๊ฐœ, ๋‹จ์ถ•๋ณต๋ฅœ 1๊ฐœ)์˜ ์œ ํšจ ํœ ํ•˜์ค‘์€ 350 kN, 188 kN๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จ์ถ• ํ™˜์‚ฐ ํœ ํ•˜์ค‘(350 kN)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์น˜ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ์žฅ์น˜์ผ์ˆ˜, ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์œ ํšจ ๋‹จ์ ์ˆ˜, ์žฅ๋น„ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ํ†ตํ–‰๋Ÿ‰(523,000 van/10๋…„)์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด ํ‰ํŒ์žฌํ•˜์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด CBR ๊ฐ’(17 %)์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ์žฅ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 2์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด 1์•ˆ ๋ฐ 2์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฌ์žฅ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋ฉด 2์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์€ KSF 4009์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ ˆ๋””๋ฏน์ŠคํŠธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณจ์žฌ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์น˜์ˆ˜ 25 mm, ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ 35 MPa, ์Šฌ๋Ÿผํ”„ 15 cm์˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšก ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 80 m ์ธ๊ทผ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ด์Œ๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์นจํ•˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์ด ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก ์‹œ๊ณต ์ „ํ›„ ๋ฐ ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•œ ํ›„์— FWD ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ LiDAR ๊ณ„์ธก์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฒ˜์ง ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์นจํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 2. Topography and Sectional Planning for Construction of Harbor Concrete Blocks in the Container Storage
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.2.0203/fig2.png

2.3 FWD ์‹œํ—˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

FWD ์‹œํ—˜์€ ํฌ์žฅ์ฒด์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋น„ํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œํ—˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ๋„๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ๋„๋กœ ์ค‘ 90 % ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋„๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ FWD ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์ด๋‹ค(Zhang et al., 2022). ํฌ์žฅ์ฒด์— ์žฌํ•˜ ์‹œ ํฌ์žฅ์ฒด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์žฌํ•˜์ ๊ณผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ํฌ์žฅ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์žฌํ•˜ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ˜์ง ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ SCI(surface curvature index), BDI(base damage index), BCI(base curvature index)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒ˜์ง๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ์žฅ์ฒด ๊ฐ ์ธต์˜ ๊ฑด์ „ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Jiang et al., 2022a; Katicha et al., 2014; Jiang et al., 2022b). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ธ”๋ก๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์žฌํ•˜ํ•œ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์˜ FWD ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌํ•˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ธ๊ทผ์— ์ฒ˜์ง์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ธ”๋ก์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์ข์€ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ์žฌํ•˜ ํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋กœํ‚น ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธฐ์ธต์— ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์ง๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ FWD ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰(D0)๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Ryntathiang et al., 2006; Park et al., 2016; Nishizawa et al., 2018). ๋™์ผ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1)
Relative deflection ratio$=\dfrac{D_{b}}{D_{a}}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $D_{b}$ : ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰, $D_{a}$ : ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‹ค.

Kaakkurivaara et al.(2015), Pidwerbesky(1997a, 1997b)๋Š” ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰, ์žฌํ•˜ํŒ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์žฌํ•˜ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์ง์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 3๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ FWD ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ํ•˜์ค‘ ์žฌํ•˜ ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 0, 200, 300, 450, 600, 900, 1200, 1500, 1800 mm ๋งŒํผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ์˜ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์€ 40 kN์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ•˜์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ •๊ทœํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์žฅ์น˜์žฅ ๋‚ด ์ค‘์žฅ๋น„ ์šดํ–‰๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ํŠน์ • ์ฐจ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์šดํ–‰๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘ฏ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ณต ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ค‘์•™ ์ง€์ ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  FWD ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 2). FWD ์‹œํ—˜์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ, ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต ์งํ›„ ๋ฐ 7๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„์— ๋™์ผํ•œ 29๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3. Equipment for FWD Test
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.2.0203/fig3.png

ํฌ์žฅ์ฒด๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜จ๋„, ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ(Yoo et al., 2002; Kim and Nam, 2005), ์˜จ๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ํฌ์žฅ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(Seok et al., 2014; Lee et al., 2017). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์ • ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ NCDOT(North Carolina Department of Transportation)์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ณด์ •์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 20โ„ƒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณด์ •์‹์€ Eq. (2)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(Kim et al., 1995).

(2)
$D_{68}=10^{a(68-T)}\times D_{T}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $D_{68}$ : 20โ„ƒ(68โ„‰)๋กœ ๋ณด์ •๋œ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰, $D_{T}$ : T(โ„‰)์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰, $a$ : $3.67\times 10^{-4}\times t^{1.4635}$, $t$ : ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜(inch), $T$ : ์ธก์ •์‹œ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ์˜จ๋„(โ„‰)์ด๋‹ค.

2.4 LiDAR ๊ณ„์ธก ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

LiDAR ๊ณ„์ธก์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ํฌ์ธํŠธ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ •๋ณด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” LiDAR ๊ณ„์ธก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์‹œ์„ค ๋‚ด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ค‘์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์šดํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 3์ฐจ์› ์ง€ํ˜• ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ† ๋ชฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Jafari et al., 2016; Luo et al., 2022).

Fig. 4๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” LiDAR ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด 3์ฐจ์› ์ •๋ฐ€์ง€๋„ ์ œ์ž‘์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” MMS ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. MMS ์žฅ๋น„์— ํƒ‘์žฌ๋œ LiDAR๋Š” Leica Pegasus : Two (Leica geosystems, 2020)๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Altagi and Pimplika, 2022; Che et al., 2019; Barsi et al., 2020; Sofia et al., 2020). ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด MMS ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด SOC ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(Oh et al., 2020), ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์  ๊ด€์ธก ์ˆ˜, ์œ„์น˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„, ์ ๊ตฐ ์ ๋ฐ€๋„, ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹๋ณ„ ์œ ๋ฌด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œํ—˜์ธก๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์—์„œ โ€˜์ ํ•ฉโ€™ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4. Equipment for LiDAR Measurement
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.2.0203/fig4.png
Table 1. Specifications of LiDAR (Leica Pegasus II)

Content

Description

Laser scanner

ZF 9012

Scanner frequency

1,000,000 points per second

CCD size

2000ร—2000

Pixel size

5.5ร—5.5 microns

Lens

8.0 mm focal, front

2.7 mm focal, top

GPS/INS

Novatel, iMAR FSAS

Hortizontal accuracy

0.020 m

Vertical accuracy

0.015 m

Position accuracy

0.008 degrees for pitch/roll

0.013 degrees for heading.

Table 1์€ LiDAR ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ œ์›์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ธต ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ณต ํ›„ ์šด์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์นจํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ์นจํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ point ๊ฐ„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” M3C2(Multiscale model-to-model cloud comparison) ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Barnhart and Crosby, 2013; Lague et al., 2013). Fig. 5๋Š” M3C2 ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‘ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๋‚ด ํŠน์ • ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  i ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ D์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๊ทœ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ N์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ N ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. M3C2 ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ๋‘ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๋Š” ์ •๊ทœ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์™€ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๋ฉด S1๊ณผ S2๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์€ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค(Lauge et al., 2013; Qiao and Butt, 2023). ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰๋„ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5. Mechanism of M3C2 (Lauge et al., 2013)
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.2.0203/fig5.png

3. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

3.1 ํ•ญ๋งŒ ๋‚ด ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ FWD ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 6๋Š” FWD ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ธต ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ง€์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ D0์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ง€์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด FWD ์‹œํ—˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์ ์™ธ์„  ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ, ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต ์งํ›„ ๋ฐ 7๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„์— ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์„ญ์”จ ์•ฝ 35, 20, 29๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. Fig. 6์˜ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ •๋œ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ ์žฌํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ณต ์งํ›„ ์žฌํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” 785~1263 ยตm, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” 406~619 ยตm์˜ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์•ˆ์ •์ธต ๋ฐ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธฐ์ธต์ด ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต 7๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ 563~763 ยตm, 238~484 ยตm์˜ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ธต ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. Han et al.(2017)์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ถ•ํ•˜์ค‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” FWD ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์žฌํ•˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง ์ฒ˜์ง์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‘ ํฌ์žฅ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต ์งํ›„ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์žฌํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ณต 7๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์žฌํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์•ˆ์ •์ธต, ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธฐ์ธต ๋ฐ ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์ง์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7์€ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋ณ„ ํšก ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๋Š” Eq. (2)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ์‹œ๊ณต ์ „์˜ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต ์งํ›„ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํฐ ์ฒ˜์ง์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹œ๊ณต 7๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ฒ˜์ง๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต ์งํ›„ 1.67๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹œ๊ณต 7๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„ 1.21๋กœ ํ™•์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋„ ์‹œ๊ณต ์งํ›„์—๋Š” ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋” ํฐ ์ฒ˜์ง์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹œ๊ณต 7๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜์•ˆ์ •์ธต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์–ด ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ท  0.698๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 1.43๋ฐฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‹œ๊ณต 7๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„ ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๋Š” ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 0.58๋ฐฐ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝ 1.73๋ฐฐ ๋†’์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6. D0 Distributions according to Sectional Planning for Construction of Harbor Concrete Blocks: (a) Crushed-stone Base (Section 1), (b) Cement Treated Base (Section 2)
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.2.0203/fig6.png
Fig. 7. Relative Deflection Ratio in the Longitudinal Direction according to Sectional Planning for Construction of Harbor Concrete Blocks
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.2.0203/fig7.png

3.2 ํ•ญ๋งŒ ๋‚ด ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ LiDAR ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 8์€ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ์‹œ๊ณต ํ›„ LiDAR ๊ณ„์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ณต ์งํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์ด ์†ํ•œ ๋™์ชฝ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์—๋„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฒ ๋“œ ๋‚ด ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. Fig. 9๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ M3C2 ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 9(a)๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต ์ดˆ๊ธฐ 5๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์„œ์ชฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์—์„œ ์นจํ•˜๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ท  โ€“0.3 cm์˜ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  0.506 cm๋งŒํผ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ ์ธ์ ‘ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์นจํ•˜ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์œต๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ์Šน ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ LiDAR ๊ณ„์ธก๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„ 1.5 cm ๋‚ด์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์€ ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ โ€“4.0483 m3, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ 6.2378 m3๋กœ ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ณต ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ์นจํ•˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์ด ๊ณ„์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 9(b)๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต 5๊ฐœ์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10๊ฐœ์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ณต ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์นจํ•˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ํ† ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ€๋ฆผ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ธ์ ‘ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ 1.6912 m3, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ โ€“0.7196 m3์˜ ์ ์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 9(c)๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต ํ›„ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ๊ณต ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ๋ถ„์„๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” โ€“2.3570 m3, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” 5.5184 m3์˜ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต ๋‚ด ์„œ์ชฝ ์ถœ์ž…๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋‚จ๋ถ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์นจํ•˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ณ„์ธก๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(Fig. 10(a)), ์ด๋Š” ์ธ๊ทผ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต ๋‚ด ์„œ์ชฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ฝ 48 m ์ง€์ ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ โ€“4.4 cm์˜ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์ธก๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์€ ์ตœ์ดˆ ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์ง์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค(Fig. 10(b)). ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์šดํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ƒ์žฌํ•˜์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋˜ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด ์นจํ•˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Fig. 11์€ FWD ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„์™€ ์ „์ฒด ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ค‘์•™ 30 cm ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ M3C2 ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์นจํ•˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ  ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต ํ›„ 7๊ฐœ์›”, ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ์‹œ๊ณต ํ›„ 5๊ฐœ์›”๊ณผ 10๊ฐœ์›”์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์ธก์ • ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ณต ํ›„ 5๊ฐœ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์˜ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰(Fig. 11(a))๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ณต ํ›„ 10๊ฐœ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์˜ ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰(Fig. 11(b))์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„์™€ ๋” ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต ํ›„ 10๊ฐœ์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์šด์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8. LiDAR Measurements Depend on the Period after Construction of Harbor Block Pavements: (a) Immediately after Construction, (b) 5 Months after Construction, (c) 10 Months after Construction
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.2.0203/fig8.png
Fig. 9. M3C2 Results according to the Period after Construction of Harbor Block Pavements: (a) from Immediately after Construction to 5 Months after Construction, (b) from 5 Months to 10 Months after Construction, (c) from Immediately after Construction to 10 Months after Construction
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.2.0203/fig9.png
Fig. 10. M3C2 Results according to the Period After Construction of Harbor Block Pavements: (a) Point A - Settlements in Both Asphalt and Block Pavement, (b) Point B - Settlements around Geotechnical Investigation
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.2.0203/fig10.png
Fig. 11. Settlement and Relative Deflection Ratio after Construction of Harbor Concrete Blocks: (a) FWD Test for 7 Months after Construction and LiDAR Measurement from Immediately after Construction to 5 Months after Construction, (b) FWD Test for 7 Months after Construction and LiDAR Measurement from Immediately after Construction to 10 Months after Construction
../../Resources/KSCE/Ksce.2024.44.2.0203/fig11.png

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ํฌ์žฅ์šฉ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ด OOํ•ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์žฅ์น˜์žฅ์— ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ณต ํ›„ ์žฅ์น˜์žฅ ์šด์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ FWD ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํฌ์žฅ์ฒด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ LiDAR ๊ณ„์ธก ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์นจํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1) ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ์งํ›„ D0๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์ธต์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์€ ์ฒ˜์ง์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ์‹œ๊ณต 7๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ณต ์งํ›„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์•ˆ์ •์ธต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์€ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ์ดํ›„ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ์šด์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํฌ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๋†’์€ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

(2) ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 1์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์žฌํ•˜ ์‹œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฒ˜์ง์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์€ ์‹œ๊ณต ์งํ›„์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๊ฐ€ 1๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฏธ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์–ด ๋” ํฐ ์ฒ˜์ง์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹œ๊ณต 7๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„ ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  0.698๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ ํฌ์žฅ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

(3) ์‹œ๊ณต ์ดˆ๊ธฐ 5๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์€ โ€“4.0483 m3์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์ด 6.2378 m3๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ณต 5๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜์•ˆ์ •์ธต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์นจํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

(4) ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„์™€ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ค‘์•™ 30 cm ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ M3C2 ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ฒ˜์ง๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์นจํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. FWD ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ LiDAR ๊ณ„์ธก ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‹œ๊ณต ํ›„ 10๊ฐœ์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์นจํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋ž˜์•ˆ์ •์ธต, ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธฐ์ธต ๋ฐ ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๊ณ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์šดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋งŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‡„์„๊ธฐ์ธต๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ธต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ธ”๋ก ํฌ์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Research service โ€œICT-based smart block development and applicationโ€ funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea and Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion (KIMST) funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea (20210659).

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