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Title |
Experimental Evaluation of CO2 Emission Factors and Concrete Durability of High-Performance Clinker with KR Slag Incorporation
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Authors |
이의성(Eue-Sung Lee) ; 서지석(Ji-Seok Seo) ; 김윤용(Yun-Yong Kim) |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.11112/jksmi.2025.29.6.236 |
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Keywords |
고성능 클링커; 고성능 클링커 시멘트; 이산화탄소 배출계수; KR 슬래그; 콘크리트 내구특성 High-performance clinker(HPC); High-performance clinker cement (HPCC); CO2 emission factor; KR slag; Concrete durability characteristics |
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Abstract |
This study evaluates the carbon reduction potential of high-performance clinker (HPC) and high-performance clinker cement (HPCC) by partially replacing limestone in the clinker raw mix with CaO-rich KR slag, a by-product of the steelmaking process. KR slag is used as a non-carbonate raw material, and clinker-specific CO2 emission factors were calculated using a Tier 3 methodology for various KR slag replacement levels and raw mix compositions, which were then compared with those of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) clinker. The results showed that when approximately 4.32% KR slag was incorporated into the raw mix to produce HPC, the process-related CO2 emissions of this clinker were about 98.5% of those of OPC clinker, indicating that partial substitution of clinker raw materials with KR slag can reduce process CO2 emissions. Using this clinker, HPCC was produced by adding 10% supplementary cementitious materials (5% ground granulated blast-furnace slag and 5% limestone powder), and the same replacement level was applied to OPC for comparison. Durability tests confirmed that the carbonation and freeze?thaw resistance of HPCC were comparable to those of OPC, demonstrating that HPCC with a high level of supplementary materials can achieve performance equivalent to OPC while having potential significance as a carbon-reduction technology in the cement industry.
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