Title |
The Relationship between Urban Spatial Elements and the Urban Heat Island Effect |
Keywords |
도시열섬 ; 기온저감 ; 도시공간요소 ; 공원녹지 Urban Heat Island ; Thermal Mitigation ; Urban Spatial Elements ; Open Spaces |
Abstract |
As cities become more urbanized, the heat island phenomenon is a problem that is growing in severity. This phenomenon has been associated with an increase in the mortality rate and high costs in air conditioning expenses. Needless to say, this concern demands immediate attention and various resolutions are required. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between urban temperature and urban spatial elements such as floor area ratio (FAR), open space, land use, etc. Subsequent research suggests that the open space can be one of the solutions implemented to alleviate the heat island problem. The process of the analysis conducted was as follows: 1) An urban temperature map was drawn by using satellite images of Seoul (date: 1997.6.16; 1999.6.22; 2001.6.3); 2) based on analysis of the temperature data, the correlation and the regression of land use, FAR, the green areas, and rivers were computed; 3) finally, the thermal mitigating effects of the size of open space and vegetation cover were measured. The results reveal that altitude, vegetation cover, and river tract ratio were major factors that help to mitigate urban temperature rise. A high correlation of 0.7 in the regression analysis were identified demonstrated with these variables. Specifically this study determined that in terms of mitigating effects of temperature by open space, 1~3 hectares of open space in Seoul can affect a temperature mitigation range of 50~150 meters from the boundary of the open space. Moreover, it was found that the present vegetation cover is 19.93% from parks and if the rate of 80% is achieved (with the addition of 60.07% of foliate cover) the result could produce a -0.10℃of temperature change. The conclusion is that factors in urban heat island and open space reduction effects can be used effectively not only in alleviating the urban island problem but also in developing desirable environmental policies on sustainability issues. |