| Title |
Relationship Between Attention Restoration and Place Attachment according to the Level of Openness in Small-Scale Outdoor Rest Spaces on an Urban University Campus |
| Authors |
염태인(Yeom, Tae-In) ; 조민정(Cho, Min-Jung) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.38195/judik.2026.08.27.4.121 |
| Keywords |
소규모 외부 휴식공간; 대학 캠퍼스; 개방감; 주의회복; 장소애착; 가시영역 분석; 실증 연구 Small-Scale Outdoor Rest Space; University Campus; Spatial Openness; Attention Restoration; Place Attachment; Isovist Analysis; Empirical Study |
| Abstract |
This study examined differences in attention restoration and place attachment, and the relationship between the two, in small-scale outdoor rest spaces with contrasting degrees of openness and enclosure on the Yonghyeon campus of Inha University. Using isovist analysis, two spaces were identified: a highly open space (A) and a relatively enclosed space (B). Sixty-nine students enrolled at the university rated their restorative experience and place attachment in both spaces. Comparisons of means showed that the enclosed space (B) scored significantly higher than the open space (A) on being away (p < .001) and on the affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions of place attachment, whereas no significant difference emerged for compatibility. Correlation and regression analyses indicated that being away was significantly associated with place attachment in both spaces, although its explanatory power differed by spatial type. These findings suggest that openness and enclosure are not hierarchically ordered qualities but context-dependent conditions that serve different psychological functions. The study therefore points to the need for a functional balance between openness and enclosure in the planning of outdoor spaces on urban campuses. |