| Title |
A Simulation Study on the Smoke and Toxic Gas(Hydrogen Fluoride) Distribution of Electric Vehicle Fire in Medium Scale Underground Parking Area |
| Authors |
Jae Yeob Song ; Sang Gon Choi |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.6110/KJACR.2025.37.1.43 |
| Keywords |
전기자동차화재; 화재 시뮬레이션; 연기분포; 독성가스분포 Electric Vehicle Fire; Fire Dynamics Simulator; Smoke Distribution; Toxic Gas Distribution |
| Abstract |
In this simulation study, the occurrence of an electric vehicle fire in a medium-to-large underground parking facility was analyzed through various simulated scenarios reflecting the operation of existing designed and constructed facilities. The study focused on the resulting fire characteristics, smoke distribution, and toxic gas dispersion. The findings indicate that when ventilation equipment is utilized as smoke control apparatus, the concentration of toxic gases within the parking area can exceed twice the lethal level. At a height of 1.5 meters, visibility diminishes to near zero in approximately 900 seconds. At the nearest point (point 6), visibility drops to near zero in about 100 seconds, while at the central point (point 1), it declines to near zero between 200 and 300 seconds. Even at point 4, the most distant location, visibility decreases to near zero within approximately 500 to 600 seconds, demonstrating that the parking facility examined in this study is ineffective in smoke removal. Although the peak concentration of toxic gases is reduced, the time until this peak is reached is prolonged. Notably, at point 5, the concentration remains below 30 ppm throughout the duration of the simulation, indicating that sprinklers have a fire control function in electric vehicle incidents, and ventilation systems also serve to mitigate toxic gas concentrations. Consequently, additional research is warranted to identify appropriate improvements, and it is imperative that relevant laws and regulations be developed and implemented promptly. |