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๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง, ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„, ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ, ๋ถ„๋ง๋„, ์ˆ˜ํ™”, ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘
ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBFS), high strength, cement replacement ratio, fineness, hydration reaction, pozzolanic reaction

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  •   2.1 ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš

  •   2.2 ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  •   2.2.1 ์‚ฌ์šฉ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

  •   2.2.2 ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  • 3. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

  •   3.1 ์œ ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŠน์„ฑ

  •   3.2 ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ น3์ผ ์ดํ›„ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ๋ฐ ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘

  •   3.3 ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ 

  • 4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ    ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ๋„ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‹œ, ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์งˆ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€์˜คํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.1-4) ํŠนํžˆ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์Šฌ๋ฆผํ™”์™€ ์ดˆ๊ณ ์ธต ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ด‘๋ฌผ์งˆ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐœ์—ด๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ์œ ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ , ์ˆ˜๋ฐ€์„ฑ ์ฆ๋Œ€, ์—ผํ•ด ๋ฐ ๋™๊ฒฐ์œตํ•ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ, ๋ถ€์‹์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ ,5,6) ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์— ์ตœ๋Œ€ 60~80%๊นŒ์ง€ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์šฉ ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ๋กœ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‹œ, ์„ํšŒ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‹œ๋Š” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋Œ€์ฒด์œจ์ด 10~30% ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ํšŒ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ ˆ์˜ฌ๋กœ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ , ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ๋”ฉ์˜ ์ €๊ฐ, ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด์˜ ์–ต์ œ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋Œ€์ฒด์œจ์ด ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์• ์‹œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค.7) ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ“ธ์€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ž…์ž ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ๋Š” ์ž…์ž์ถฉ์ „(particle packing) ์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ๋”ฉ, ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ด€ ๊ณต๊ทน์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ž…๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ8,9) ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋งŒ ์ž๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 80%๊นŒ์ง€ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—10,11) 60% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋งค์Šค์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.10-18)

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ์ž๊ทน์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.19) ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ์ž๊ทน์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์•„์ง ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ณ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์จ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 80%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ๋ฐ ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ/๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„ 20%์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ณ„ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ น 91์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ, ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ  ๋“ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

2.1 ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš

๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์™€ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๋Š” 4,330, 7,650 cm2/g์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์€ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋น„๋กœ 0, 35, 50, 65, 80%์˜ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ 80 MPa ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„๋ฅผ 20%๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํด๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅด๋ณธ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋น„ 0.53% ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 1 Mixture proportions

Type

GGBFS replacement ratio (%)

Water-to-binder ratio

Binder compositions (Water : Cement : GGBFS)

Plain

0

0.2

17 : 83 : 0

GGBFS(S4/S8*)

35

17 : 54 : 29

50

17 : 42 : 42

65

17 : 29 : 54

80

17 : 17 : 67

* S4 : Fineness of GGBFS = 4,330 cm2/g

  S8 : Fineness of GGBFS = 7,650 cm2/g

2.2 ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

2.2.1 ์‚ฌ์šฉ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Š” KS L 5201:13220) ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” 1์ข… ๋ณดํ†ต ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์€ KS F 2563:0921)์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” 2์ข…(S8), 3์ข…(S4)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์กฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์ž…๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Table 2 Chemical compositions and physical properties of binders

ใ€€Type

Cement 

GGBFS

S4

S8

Chemical compositions

SiO2

20.8

34.0

32.2

Al2O3

4.93

16.4

15.5

Fe2O3

3.50

0.50

1.52

CaO

62.4

37.2

40.6

MgO

1.61

6.29

4.75

K2O

0.90

0.45

0.55

Na2O

0.33

1.33

1.09

SO3

2.21

2.71

2.85

LOI

2.74

0.17

0.26

C3S

58.1

-

-

C2S

15.0

-

-

C3A

8.1

-

-

C4AF

9.2

-

-

Density (g/ใŽค)

3.18

2.89

2.90

Fineness (ใŽก/ใŽ)

327

433

765

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Fig. 1 Particle size distributions of binders

2.2.2 ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณต์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘์€ KS L ISO 679:0622)์— ์ค€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต์‹œ์ฒด๋Š” 40ร—40ร—160 mm์˜ ๊ฐ์ฃผํ˜• ๋ชฐ๋“œ์— ์„ฑํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹œ์ฒด์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์€ 20ยฑ1ยฐC ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์–‘์ƒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ตณ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ASTM C230/C230M:1323)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‘๊ฒฐ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด KS L ISO 9597:0924)์— ์ค€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘๊ฒฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ฐ ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ์†Œ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์—ด์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์ฐจ์—ด ๋ถ„์„(TG-DSC)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด์€ KS L 5121:0725)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ TA Instrument์‚ฌ์˜ TAM-AIR ๋“ฑ์˜จ๋ฏธ์†Œ์—ด๋ž‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉํ›„ 80์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , TG-DSC ๋ถ„์„์€ Netzsch์‚ฌ์˜ Netzsch STA409PC Luxx ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 10ยฐC/min์˜ ๊ฐ€์—ด์†๋„๋กœ ์žฌ๋ น 7, 28, 91์ผ์— ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹น ์‹œํŽธ 1๊ฐœ์”ฉ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” KS L ISO 679:0622) ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ค€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๋ น 3, 7, 28, 91์ผ์— 3๊ฐœ์”ฉ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žฌ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ASTM D4284:1226)์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์€์••์ž…๋ฒ•(Mercury porosimetry)์œผ๋กœ Micromeritics์‚ฌ์˜ Autopore IV 9500 ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๋ น 7, 28, 91์ผ์— ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹œํŽธ 1๊ฐœ์”ฉ ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ณต๊ทน์œจ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

3.1 ์œ ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 2๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์™€ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 202 mm์ธ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 363~459 mm์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด plain ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 2๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ 65~80%์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์€ ๋น„์ •ํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ํŠน์„ฑ27)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋น„ 0.53%์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ์นด๋ณธ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋†’์€ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋Š” ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 2 Flow test results according to replacement ratio and fineness of GGBFS

ํ•œํŽธ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ S4๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ S8๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ S8 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด S4 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 25% ์ •๋„ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๋” ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž์œ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํก์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 3 Heat flow and cumulation heat on the GGBFS amount and fineness

Fig. 3์€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด๊ณผ 76์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ๋ฐœ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐœ์—ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ13,19,28)์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ˆ„์  ๋ฐœ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•ฝ 36์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„์  ๋ฐœ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, 72์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ๋ฐœ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ 35~50%๋ฅผ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 72์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ์ง€์–ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(3.2์ ˆ ์ฐธ์กฐ).

๋˜ํ•œ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ  35%๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ S8 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด S4 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ”ผํฌ์™€ ํ”ผํฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ์ ์ด ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋” ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.29) ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ˆ„์  ๋ฐœ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ 80%๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค S4๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ 3.2์ ˆ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” 72์‹œ๊ฐ„(3์ผ) ์ดํ›„์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ๋ฐœ์—ด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํŠน๊ธฐํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์—ด ํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. Mindess ๋“ฑ8)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์‹ผ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ถˆ์นจํˆฌ์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž ์‹œ ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์—ด ํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฃผ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๋ฐ–์—๋„ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด SO3์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ ettringite์—์„œ monosulfate๋กœ์˜ ์ƒ ์ „์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด ๋ฐœ์—ด๊ณก์„ ์ด ๋” ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‘๊ฒฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, Fig. 4์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ข…๊ฒฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‘๊ฒฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค29)๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ดˆ๊ฒฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ 65~80% ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์งง์•„์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด ๋ฐœ์—ด๊ณก์„ ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด ๋ฐœ์—ดํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ , ํ”ผํฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ๋Šฆ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์˜ค์ฐจ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ๋”ฉ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ดˆ๊ฒฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธก์ •์— ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ—Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์€ ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ๋”ฉ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.30,31) ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ํ™•์ธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC1D52.gif

Fig. 4 Setting time on the GGBFS amount and fineness

๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‘๊ฒฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 80%๋ฅผ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” S8์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์‘๊ฒฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ , ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค S4์˜ ์‘๊ฒฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ์งง์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. S4 ๋ณด๋‹ค S8์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ๋ฐœ์—ด์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉด S8์˜ ์‘๊ฒฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด S4๋ณด๋‹ค ์งง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‘๊ฒฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ น3์ผ ์ดํ›„ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ๋ฐ ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘

๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์žฌ๋ น๋ณ„ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ Fig. 5์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ  65%๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 3์ผ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  7์ผ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ , ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ  65%์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ น 3์ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ  35%์™€ 50% ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•ž์„œ 72์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด ๋ฐœ์—ด๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€๋„ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ์žฌ๋ น 3์ผ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ  35%์™€ 50% ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, 3์ผ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 28์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์–‘์ด ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์•„์ ธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ alite (C3S)์™€ ferrite (C4AF)์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ด‰์ง„๋˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ dilution effect๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.33-36) Escalante- Garcia ๋“ฑ33)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌผ-์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ฆ‰ dilution effect์— ์˜ํ•ด alite์™€ ferrite์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด‰์ง„๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” OPC ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ-์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก alite์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด‰์ง„๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.34)

๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ด‰์ง„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ TG-DSC ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 6์€ TG-DSC ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. TG-DSC ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฌผ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜(combined water or non-evaporable water)์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ผํ™”์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.27) ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 1,000ยฐC๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์†์‹ค๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ 100ยฐC์—์„œ ์ฆ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰(evaporable water)์„ ๋บ€ ๊ฐ’, ์ฆ‰ non-evaporable water๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.27,37) Fig. 7์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์žฌ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ  ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ โ€œpure cementโ€๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 7์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์—†์ด ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰(โ€œpure cementโ€)์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋†’๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์—๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์„ž์—ฌ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— โ€œpure cementโ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. Plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 5 Development of compressive strength with ages

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(a) Plain

(b) GGBFS 50%(S4)

(c) GGBFS 80%(S4)

Fig. 6 Results of TG-DSC data

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Fig. 7 Variation of non-evaporable water content with ages

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC2096.gif : ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰

      /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC20A7.gif : ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰

      /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC20C7.gif : ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰

      /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC20D8.gif : ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰

      /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC20F8.gif   : ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋„(plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ)

      /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC2118.gif  : ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋„(๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ)

      /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC2129.gif  : ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋„

      /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC2149.gif  : ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Ÿ‰(๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋น„)

      /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC2179.gif  : ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋Ÿ‰(๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋น„)

De Weerdt ๋“ฑ33)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด OPC์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 0.24~0.26 ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ—Œ38)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” C-S-H์—๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ C-S-H์™€ ์ €๋ฐ€๋„ C-S-H์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ปค์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ C-S-H๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด OPC ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ์ž‘๋‹ค.39) ํ•œํŽธ, Escalante ๋“ฑ31)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„ 50%, ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ํ˜ผ์ž…์œจ์ด 50%์ผ ๋•Œ ์žฌ๋ น 90์ผ์—์„œ ์•ฝ 20~35%์ด๊ณ , ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ํ˜ผ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋„๋ฅผ 20%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ณด์ž. ์ฆ‰, /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC2199.gif= /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC21BA.gif= 0.25, /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC21CA.gif= 0.20. ์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง ํ˜ผ์ž…์œจ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 35, 50, 65, 80%์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰(/Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC21CB.gif)์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1.75, 2.5, 3.25, 4.0%์ด๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•œ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 10.26, 9.39, 7.64, 5.76%์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 8.51, 6.89, 4.39, 1.76%๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰(Fig. 8์˜ โ€œpure cementโ€)์€ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ 7.41, 5.70, 3.99, 2.28%์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ„ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์œ„ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC21DC.gif< 0.25, /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC21ED.gif< 0.2 ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋„ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC21FD.gif๋Š” plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋„ /Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC221D.gif๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ Fig. 7์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ด‰์ง„๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์†๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์ง€๋งŒ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค.40) ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณดํ†ต ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น์„ ๋ณดํ†ต 28์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,8,9) ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 5์—์„œ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„ 42%32)์˜ ๋ณดํ†ต๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„ 20%์ธ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฌ๋ น ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ด‰์ง„๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค€๋‹ค.

Fig. 8์€ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„ 42%์™€ 20% ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์žฌ๋ น๋ณ„ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์„ 91์ผ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ  0, 50%์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„ 42% ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ 90.7, 85.3%, 28์ผ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” 9.3, 14.7%์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„ 20% ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ(S4)์€ ์žฌ๋ น28์ผ ๊นŒ์ง€ 81.7, 90.6%์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ น28์ผ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” 18.3, 9.4%์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 8 Relative compressive strength to 91-day strength at different ages

ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜(Calcium hydroxide ๋˜๋Š” Portlandite, Ca(OH)2)์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ C-S-H (Calcium silicate hydrate)๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 9๋Š” TG-DSC ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜์ด CaO์™€ H2O๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ 450ยฐC์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ โ€œpure cementโ€๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ Fig. 7์—์„œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 9์—์„œ plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์ด ์žฌ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜์ด ์žฌ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ โ€œpure cementโ€์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ์ฐจ ์ž‘์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์–‘์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋„๋„ ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์ด โ€œpure cementโ€์™€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , 7์ผ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ ์ด์ „์— ์ด๋ฏธ ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜์„ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ  80% ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 7, 28์ผ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์ง€๋งŒ ์žฌ๋ น 91์ผ์—๋Š” ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋„ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์ƒ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ์„œ ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ น์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์ด ๋Œ€๋žต 50~60% ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ41,42)์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„ 20%์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž„๊ณ„ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์ด 65% ๋‚ด์™ธ๋กœ ๋ณดํ†ต๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ น 3์ผ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ S8 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด S4 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์ง€๋งŒ, ์žฌ๋ น 7์ผ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ  35%์™€ 50%๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ S4 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 5 ์ฐธ์กฐ). Fig. 3์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด ๋ฐœ์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ Fig. 7์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘๋„๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๋ผ์ ธ์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์—ด์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๊ณ , ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์žฌ๋ น 3์ผ์—์„œ S8 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด filler ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ฆ‰ ์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ž…์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•ต์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.43) ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Fig. 2)์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์œ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํก์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์žฌ๋ น 2~3์ผ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 3์—์„œ 3์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ˆ„์ ๋ฐœ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์€ S4 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•œ๋‹ค.

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Fig. 9 Variation of calcium hydroxide content with ages

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Fig. 10 Variation of capillary porosity with ages

3.3 ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ 

Fig. 10์€ ์žฌ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ฐ ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌ๋ น์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  S4 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ  65%๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ44)์™€ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ง€๋งŒ, Fig. 5์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ด‰์ง„๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ค„์–ด๋“  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. S8 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ S4 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ S8 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ S4 ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ plain ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ ์žฌ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ—Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ทน์œจ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ ๊ณต๊ทน์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต๊ทน ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค.8) ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Fig. 11์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์žฌ๋ น์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์—ญ์‹œ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ    ๋ก 

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(a) GGBFS S4

/Resources/kci/JKCI.2015.27.2.115/images/PIC24E2.gif

(b) GGBFS S8

Fig. 11 Pore size distributions

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 80%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„ 20%์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜ํ™”์—ด, ์‘๊ฒฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ณ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ๋ฐ ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

1)๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๊ฐ’์€ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 2๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋†’๊ณ  ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ณดํ†ต๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์œ„์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์ž์œ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํก์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

2)๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, 72์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ๋ฐœ์—ด๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ น 28๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์œจ์€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ํ˜ผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ด OPC๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

3)๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ํ˜ผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด OPC๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์–‘์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ปค์ง์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” dilution effect์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด 7์ผ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์–ด ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

4)์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 91์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์œจ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜, ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„ ํฌ์กธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

5)๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์†๋„๋Š” ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์œ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํก์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜๋น ์งˆ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž์œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์ ธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ถ„๋ง๋„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌผ-๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ณผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์œจ์„ ๋” ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ๋„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์ฃผ์š”์‚ฌ์—…(Grant No. PK 14002B)์˜ ์žฌ์ • ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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