Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

  1. ๋ช…์ง€์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ† ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๊ต์ˆ˜ (Myongji College)
  2. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ† ๋ชฉํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Yonsei University)
  3. NIST(National Institute of Standard and Technology) Research Engineer (NIST)
  4. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ† ๋ชฉํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Yonsei University)


์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•, ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰, ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„, ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด, ์ตœ์ ํ™”
Sustainable design, Embodied energy, CO2, Cost, Reinforced concrete beam, Optimization

  • 1. ์„œ ๋ก 

  • 2. ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์„ค๊ณ„

  •   2.1 ์ฒ ๊ทผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด ์„ค๊ณ„

  •   2.2 ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(design variables)์™€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฉ”ํƒ€

  •   2.3 ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜

  •   2.4 ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ํ•ด์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •์‹ํ™”

  • 3. ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„

  •   3.1 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ(feasible design) ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”

  •   3.2 ์ฒ ๊ทผ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋ณ€ํ™”

  •   3.3 ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

  •   3.4 ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜(๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰) ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด

  •   3.5 ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฆ๊ฐ๋น„์œจ

  • 4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ œ๋„(Emission Trading System)๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ(CO2) ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ์ถ•์˜๋ฌด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ—ˆ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •ํ•œ ๋’ค ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ์ถ•์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐ์ถ• ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ† ๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๋ฐœ์ „(sustainable development)์€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ œ๋„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(Ashley and Lemay, 2008; Struble and Godfrey, 2007). ๊ฑด์„ค๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณตํ•™์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์„ค ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ํ† ์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ฑ„์ทจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›์˜ ์†Œ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ, ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€(embodied energy)๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑด์„คยท๊ด€๋ฆฌยทํ•ด์ฒด์‹œ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Wang et al., 2005; Paya et al., 2008; Paya-Zaforteza et al., 2009). ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์ „์ฒด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ 25%์—์„œ 40% ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ(IEA, 2005), OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ OECD ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์•ฝ 30% ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์•ฝ 30% ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(OECD, 2003). ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ยท๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€(operating energy)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๊ฑด์„คํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ํ† ๋ชฉ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด, ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ •๋ฆฝ๋„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋ช…์‚ฌ์ดํด(life cycle)์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋น„์šฉ(Life Cycle Cost; LCC) ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค(Wang et al., 2005; Yohanis and Norton, 2002). ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ์•ž์„œ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌยท์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ(๊ด‘๋ฌผ์ž์›)์˜ ํš๋“, ์šด์†ก, ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ์ œ์ž‘, ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž๋ณธ(capital)์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์ž…๋œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•ด์ฒด(์ฒ ๊ฑฐ)์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(Goggins et al., 2010; UNDP, 2007). ํŠน์ • ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํ•ด์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•๋„์™€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ•ด์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜์กด์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ธ UNDP (2007)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ, ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „์ฒด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์˜ 10% ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ํ•จ์œ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋ช…์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์—์„œ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 5%์—์„œ ๋งŽ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 40% ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Sartori and Hestnes, 2007). ๋”์šฑ์ด, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์šด์šฉ, ์ฆ‰, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ(net-zero energy building) ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋น„์œจ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฒ ๊ทผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด 1900๋…„์— 4,000๋งŒ PICC998.gif์—์„œ 1997๋…„์— 64์–ต PICCA54.gif์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๋ด๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(CTBUH, 2003). ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์œ ์˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๊ทผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋‚˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ํด๋ง์ปค์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฒ ๊ทผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Davidovits, 1993; Gartner, 2004; Thormark, 2002). ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—†์• ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„(sustainable design)์™€๋„ ์ผ๋งฅ์ƒํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ(sustainability)์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒˆํ”ผํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ช… ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Kim and Jang, 2013).

์ „์ˆ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ์†Œ์š”๊ฐ•์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „์ œํ•˜์— ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ž˜์— ์™€์„œ ํ„ดํ‚ค(Turn-key) ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฐœ์ฃผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ๋žœ๋“œ๋งˆํฌ(landmark)์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ง•์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ยท์‹œ๊ณต์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ˆ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ œ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ํšจ์šฉ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ํ›„์†์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ตฌ์†์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์„œ, ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ด๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตยท๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์„ค๊ณ„

2.1 ์ฒ ๊ทผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด ์„ค๊ณ„

์„ค๊ณ„๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์—ฐ์žฅ L์ด๊ณ  ์ง์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณด์˜ ํญ์€ b, ๋†’์ด๋Š” h์ด๊ณ , ์œ„ํ—˜๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(PICCA65.gif)์™€ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ „๋‹จ๋ ฅ(PICCA85.gif)์„ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„์‹œ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ „๋‹จ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ž์ค‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(PICCA96.gif)์™€ ์ „๋‹จ๋ ฅ(PICCAA6.gif)๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ „๋‹จ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” 2012๋…„์— ๊ฐœ์ •๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ค€(2012)์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์‹œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตญ์™ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ACI 318-08M (2008)์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ•๋„์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์—์„œ ํœจ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ ์ „๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋ฒ”์œ„(feasible design)๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‹๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

PICCAD6.gif (1)

PICCAF6.gif (2)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, PICCB36.gif, PICCB66.gif, PICCB76.gif๊ณผ PICCB77.gif์€ ๊ณต์นญ ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๊ณต์นญ ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. PICCB88.gif์™€ PICCB99.gif๋Š” ํœจ๊ณผ ์ „๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ์†Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ ์ •ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ด ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.2 ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(design variables)์™€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฉ”ํƒ€

๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ• ์ •๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ณด์˜ ํญ b, ๋†’์ด h, ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ฉด์  PICCC9C.gif, ์ „๋‹จ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ฉด์  PICCCCB.gif(์ „๋‹จ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ s)๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. Table 1์— ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ทธ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. PICCCEC.gif์™€ PICCCFC.gif๋Š” ๋ณด์˜ ํญ, ๋†’์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ์ž๋“ค์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์ „์— ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” PICCD1D.gif์™€ PICCD6C.gif๋ฅผ ํŽธ์˜์ƒ ์—ฐ์†๋œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. Table 2์—๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์„ค๊ณ„๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํœจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ์†Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ PICCD9C.gif๋Š” ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์ˆœ์ธ์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์˜ ์••์ถ•์—ฐ๋‹จ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ทนํ•œ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  PICCDCB.gif์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์ˆœ์ธ์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ (PICCDEC.gif)์ด 0.002๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์€ ์••์ถ•์ง€๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋•Œ ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ์€ ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ์†Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ’์ธ PICCE0C.gif๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์••์ถ•์—ฐ๋‹จ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ทนํ•œ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์ˆœ์ธ์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด 0.005๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์€ ์ธ์žฅ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์€ ํ•ญ๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ์†Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ธ PICCE3C.gif๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์••์ถ•์ง€๋ฐฐ์™€ ์ธ์žฅ์ง€๋ฐฐ์˜ ์ „์ด๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ„์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ์†Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’(0.65์™€ 0.85)์„ ์„ ํ˜•๋ณด๊ฐ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณด ๋ถ€์žฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์‹œ ์••์ถ•์—ฐ๋‹จ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ทนํ•œ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์ˆœ์ธ์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์€ 0.004๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์•„์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทœ์ •์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ค€(Korea Concrete Institute (KCI), 2012)์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 1. Design Variables and Ranges Used

Variables

Ranges

Width of compression face of member(b)

PICCBC8.gif

Height of member(h)

PICCC08.gif

Area of longitudinal tension reinforcement (PICCC19.gif)

Given PICCC39.gif and PICCC59.gif, each value is calculated as per code KCI(Korean Concrete Institute) design code

Area of shear reinforcement within distance s(PICCC6A.gif)

Given PICCC8A.gif, s, and PICCC9B.gif, each value is calculated as per code KCI design code

2.3 ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜

Table 2. Design Parameters and the Corresponding Values

Parameters

Values

Factored moment

PICCE6C.gif

Factored shear force

PICCEDA.gif

Modulus of elasticity of steel

PICCF0A.gif

Specific mass of concrete

PICCF3A.gif 

Specific mass of steel

PICCF79.gif

Lightweight concrete factor

PICCFA9.gif

Shear strength reduction factor

PICCFC9.gif

Flexure strength reduction factor

PICD028.gif

Ratio of depth of the Whitney stress block and the depth to the neutral axis

PICD1BF.gif

Ultimate compressive strain of concrete

PICD20F.gif

Length of the beam

PICD21F.gif

Concrete cover including radius of fictitious bar of area PICD230.gif

PICD250.gif

Spacing of shear reinforcement

PICD270.gif

์ฒ ๊ทผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ ์šฉ์‹œ ์„ค๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณด ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ์†Œ์š”๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตฌ์†์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๊ณ , ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„๊ธธ์ด๋‹น ์ „์ฒด ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ PICD291.gif๋ฅผ Eq. (3)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. PICD2E0.gif๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฉดํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค(Yeo and Gabbai, 2011). ์ด๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์œ„๊ธธ์ด๋‹น ๋ณด์˜ ์ด๋น„์šฉ(์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋น„)์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ PICD2F0.gif๋ฅผ Eq. (4)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

PICD37E.gif (3)

PICD3EC.gif 

(4)

Table 3. Cost Ratio(PICD41C.gif) References

Reference

PICD42D.gif

Comments

Paya-Zaforteza et al. (2009)

1.10

PICD43D.gif, PICD44E.gif

(material costs only, 2007 prices)

Sahab et al. (2005)

0.91

PICD46E.gif, PICD47F.gif

(material and placement costs, 2001 prices)

Guerra et al. (2011)

0.80

PICD490.gif, PICD4A0.gif

(material and placement costs, year unknown)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, PICD4B1.gif๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„ PICD4C1.gif๋‹น ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋น„์šฉ(KRW ๋˜๋Š” USD)์ด๊ณ , PICD4D2.gif์€ ๋‹จ์œ„ PICD4E3.gif๋‹น ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ 100kg๋‹น ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, s๋Š” ์ „๋‹จ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด๋‹ค. PICD4E4.gif๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ 1kg๋‹น ์ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€(MJ)์ด๊ณ , PICD504.gif๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ 1PICD515.gif๋‹น ์ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€(MJ)์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” PICD535.gif์™€ PICD545.gif๊ฐ’ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’(PICD556.gif์™€ PICD567.gif)์„ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด PICD568.gif๊ณผ PICD578.gif ๊ฐ’์„ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ PICD589.gif์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ฒ ๊ทผ 100kg์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŽธ์˜์ƒ PICD58A.gif๊ฐ’์„ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, Table 3์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ PICD59B.gif๊ฐ’์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. PICD5AB.gif๊ฐ’์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ(์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋น„)์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ณ€๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํƒ€์„ค๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ทผ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ PICD5CB.gif๊ณผ PICD5DC.gif๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ (CBPR, 2003), ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” PICD5FC.gif๊ณผ PICD60D.gifPICD62D.gif๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, 2011). ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

2.4 ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ํ•ด์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •์‹ํ™”

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š”

PICD66D.gif or PICD69D.gif                 (5)

์ด๊ณ , ๊ตฌ์†์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

PICD6FB.gif (6)

PICD76A.gif 

(7)

PICD7A9.gif (8)

PICD7E9.gif (9)

PICD847.gif (10)

PICD8B6.gif (11)

Eq. (6)์—์„œ PICD8D6.gif(์ „๋‹จ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ PICD8D7.gif)๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์ธ์žฅ์‘๋ ฅ, ๋ณด์˜ ์œ ํšจ๊นŠ์ด PICD907.gif๋Š” ์••์ถ•์—ฐ๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ธ์žฅ์ฒ ๊ทผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ„์˜ ์‹์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์•ž ์ ˆ๊ณผ Table 2์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

ํœจ ํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ ํ•ฉ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰ํ˜•๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ’€์–ด Eq. (6)์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ•๋„(๊ทนํ•œ๊ฐ•๋„) ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํœจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ํŽธ์˜์ƒ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™๋„๋ก, ์ฆ‰, ์•ˆ์ „์œจ์„ 1๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค. Eq. (7)์˜ ์ธ์žฅ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋Ÿ‰(PICD927.gif)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํœจ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œํ•œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ „๋‹จํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ฒฌ๋””๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ Eq. (8)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. Eq. (9)์˜ ์ „๋‹จ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋Ÿ‰(PICD957.gif)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ตœ์†Œ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „๋‹จ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Eqs. (10)-(11)์˜ b์™€ h์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์†์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋ณด์˜ ํญ๊ณผ ๋†’์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•˜ํ•œ๊ณผ ์ƒํ•œ๊ฐ’์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋งคํŠธ๋žฉ(Matlab R2009b manual) ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

3. ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„

3.1 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ(feasible design) ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”

์ •์‹ํ™”๋œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ด ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์™ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์„ค๊ณ„์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋งค๊น€๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Table 4์—๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ACI 318-08M (2008)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ตญ์™ธ์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ๋น„์œจ(PICD977.gif)๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญํ† ํ•ด์–‘๋ถ€(Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, 2011)์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 21MPa๊ณผ 24MPa์ผ ๋•Œ ๋ฐ–์— ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ตญ์™ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ 28MPa๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ PICDB4D.gif๊ฐ’์ด 1.25๋กœ์„œ Yeo and Gabbai (2011)๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ 0.8๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 4. Domestic and Foreign Price Information for Concrete and Reinforcement Steel

Items

Domestic price

(Nara market, 2013)

Foreign countryโ€™s price (USA)

(Yeo and Gabbai, 2011)

Concrete compressive strength

28 MPa

34 MPa

Reinforcement yield strength

400 MPa

420 MPa

Concrete cost

64,160 โ‚ฉ(KRW)/PICDBBB.gif

130 $(USD)/PICDC39.gif (138,450 โ‚ฉ(KRW)/PICDC5A.gif)

Steel cost

800.85 โ‚ฉ(KRW)/kg

1.04 $(USD)/kg (1,107.6 โ‚ฉ(KRW)/kg)

R

1.25

0.8

Fig. 1์€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ณ€์ˆ˜ b์™€ h๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ’ 300mm์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’ 800mm๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ํ•ด์„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์„ค๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ •์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Figs. 1(a) and 1(b)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ตญ์™ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์™ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋„“์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด์„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ปค์งˆ ๋•Œ ํ•ด์„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, PICDC7A.gif๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋„ ํ•ด์„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๋น„์šฉ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ b๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” h๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „์ฒด ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ €๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ , ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์‚ฐ์ •๋  ๋•Œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Figs. 1(c) and 1(d)์—๋Š” ํ•ด์„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์˜์—ญ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„์‹œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ํ•ด์™ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ด์„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์˜์—ญ์ด ์ค„์–ด ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์ฒ ๊ทผ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋ณ€ํ™”

PICDD08.gif

PICDD66.gif

(a) Section Cost (KCI(R=1.25))[KRW]

(b) Section Cost (ACI 318-08M(R=0.8))[KRW]

PICDDD5.gif

PICDE43.gif

(c) Embodied Energy (KCI(R=1.25))[MJ]

(d) Embodied Energy (ACI 318-08M(R=0.8))[MJ]

Fig. 1. Total Cost Plotted on the Feasible Design Area Based on KCI and ACI 318-08M Design Codes

์•ž ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด ์˜ˆ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„(PICDE63.gif)์™€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„(PICDE84.gif) ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜(๋น„์šฉ, ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€)๋ณ„๋กœ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Figs. 2 and 3์— ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋งŒ ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 2(a)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ด๋„ ์ ์€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ Fig. 2(b)์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 300MPa, 400MPa์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ , 500MPa์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ b๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” h๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ปค์ ธ์•ผ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 3(a)๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„์šฉ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” b๊ฐ’์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํญ b๊ฐ€ 400mm ์ดํ•˜์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 600mm ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด์˜ ํญ๊ณผ ๋†’์ด์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋‚˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํญ๊ณผ ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. Fig. 3(b)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์€ ํ•ด์„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ’์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด์„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.3 ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

PICDEB3.jpg

PICDED4.jpg

(a) Cost Optimized Sections [KRW]

(b) Embodied Energy Optimized Sections [MJ]

Fig. 2. Variation in h with b According to the Yield Strength of Rebar

PICDEF4.jpg

PICDF43.jpg

(a) Cost Optimized Sections [KRW]

(b) Embodied Energy Optimized Sections [MJ]

Fig. 3. Variation in h with b According to the Compressive Strength of Concrete

๋ณธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 4๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์†Œ์š”๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— h์™€ b๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, b ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ h๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด b๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ๋•Œ ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์†์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๋•Œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๋Š” ์•ฝ 0.02์ •๋„์ธ๋ฐ, ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, Fig. 1(a)๋ฅผ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ž‘์€ b์—์„œ๋Š” ๋†’์ด h๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด๋„ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ํฐ b์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด h ๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ h๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ๋•Œ ๋น„์šฉ๊ฐ์†Œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ b๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ๊ฐ์†Œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. Figs. 1(a) and 4์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5์€ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋‚˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋“ค์€ b์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์™„๋งŒํ•œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด, ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์€ ์ผ์ •๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. Fig. 6์€ ๊ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๊ณผ ํ•ด์„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋น„์šฉ(cost)์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ๋น„์šฉ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๋„“์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ’์ด ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ถค์ ์ด ์ž˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ผ์ •๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PICDFA2.gif

Fig. 4. Reinforcement Ratio Plotted on the Feasible Design Area

PICDFE1.gif

Fig. 5. Reinforcement Ratio of the Optimized Sections by Various Objective Functions

PICE050.gif

Fig. 6. Steel Cost Plotted on the Feasible Design Area and the Optimized Sections by Various Objective Functions [KRW]

3.4 ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜(๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰) ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด

๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค์ œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์œ„์˜ ํ•ด์„๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด์„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„(PICE08F.gif)๋ฅผ 21MPa๋กœ, ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„(PICE0AF.gif)๋ฅผ 300MPa๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์™ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋„“์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. Fig. 7(a)๋Š” ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ณ„ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๋„“์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ h์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ, ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๋„“์ด์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 7(b)์— ๋„์‹œ๋œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋” ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ์ ์€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋น„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.5 ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฆ๊ฐ๋น„์œจ

์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋น„์šฉ, ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์†ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋‚˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ์—์„œ ์†ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 8์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ์ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ, ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์•ฝ 10% ์ •๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 10%์—์„œ ๋งŽ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 20% ์ด์ƒ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 20%์—์„œ ๋งŽ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 35% ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋ชจ์™€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 10%์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 20%์™€ 35% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์€ ์„ค๊ณ„์ž, ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž ๋„“๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ •๋ฆฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์žฅ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

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(a) Optimized Sections

(b) Reinforcement Ratio of Optimized Sections

Fig. 7. Optimized Sections and Reinforcement Ratio by Various Objective Functions

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(a) Cost Variation by Cost and Embodied Energy Optimizations

(b) Cost Variation by Cost and CO2 Emission Optimizations

Fig. 8. Cost Variation by Cost, Embodied Energy, and CO2 Emission Optimization According to b (a) for Cost and Embodied Energy Optimization (b) for Cost and CO2 Emission Optimization

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๊ทœ์ •ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์„ค๊ณ„์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ตฌ์†์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ด์ต์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„, ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ตœ์  ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„์ธ๋ฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๊ฐ’๋“ค์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์น˜์ˆ˜(๋ณด์˜ ๋†’์ด, ํญ, ์ฒ ๊ทผ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ)๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๋ฉด์€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ๋น„์œจ(PICE4DB.gif) ๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์‹œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ์ฒ ๊ทผ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€(๋˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰)๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋น„์šฉ๋งŒ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํ™•๋ณด์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด๋„ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ฒ ๊ทผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ฝ 10% ์ •๋„์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” 20% ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 35% ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ์•ฝ ์ธก๋ฉด๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์žฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌยท์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํš๋“, ์šด์†ก, ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ์ œ์ž‘, ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™” ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•ด์ฒด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณตํ•™์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‹ค์ •์—์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„์šฉ, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ํœจ๊ณผ ์ถ•๋ ฅ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ถ€์žฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2012๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ต์œก๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…์ž„(2012R1A1A20 08248)

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