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Title |
Non-Destructive Monitoring Methods for Evaluation of Setting and Hardening on 3D Printed Concrete
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Authors |
하성준(Seong Jun Ha) ; 방진수(Jin Soo Bang) ; 임홍재(Hong Jae Yim) |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.11112/jksmi.2025.29.2.43 |
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Keywords |
3D 콘크리트 프린팅; 전기비저항; 초음파속도; 응결 시점; 경화 3D concrete printing; Electrical resistivity; Ultrasonic pulse velocity; Setting time; Hardening |
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Abstract |
3D concrete printing is a construction method that fabricates structures by depositing layer by layer of concrete, which requires considerations for quality control compared to conventional mold-cast concrete. In particular, 3D printed concrete can be highly sensitive to setting and hardening depending on the surface area exposed to the curing environment due to the absence of formwork. This study proposed monitoring methods using non-destructive evaluation to assess the setting time of 3D printed concrete. The obtained results from proposed monitoring methods were compared with results of penetration resistance test to analyze the setting time. In addition, compressive and flexural strength tests were conducted on concrete samples with large and small surface areas to the curing environment after 24 hours of curing to evaluate the effect of exposed surface area on the hardening of concrete. The compared results showed that as the exposed surface area increased, the setting time of conventionally placed concrete accelerated, while its compressive and flexural strength decreased by approximately 23%. With the same exposed surface area, 3D printed concrete and conventionally placed concrete exhibited similar setting times.
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