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Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute

J Korea Inst. Struct. Maint. Insp.
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  • Korea Citation Index (KCI)




ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜, ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ, ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ, ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ, ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ
Calcium sulfate, Sodium sulfate, Sodium hydroxide, Blended activator, Alkali-activated slag cement

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(alkali-activated slag cement, AASC)๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ณดํ†ต ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(ordinary portland cement, OPC)๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ ์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ ์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด AASC๋Š” ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ง(ground granulated blast furnace slag, GGBFS)์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„, ๋ถ„๋ง๋„, ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์ œ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋†๋„, ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์–‘์ƒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ํ˜ผํ™”์ œ ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋„ AASC์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๊ทœ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Pachco-Torgal et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2014; Escalante-Garcia et al., 2003; Altan et al., 2012; Ravikumar et al., 2012).

๋˜ํ•œ, AASC์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜, ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ญํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Ravikumar et al., 2012; ลฝivica Vladimir, 2007). ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ AASC์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™” ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ(sodium hydroxide, NaOH), ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ๋ฅจ(potassium hydroxide, KOH) ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ์Š˜(calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ OH-๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ฑ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ๊ณ„์—ด(caustic alkalis)๊ณผ ํƒ„์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ ๋ฅจ(sodium carbonate, Na2CO3)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๊ทœ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ ์•ฝ์‚ฐ์—ผ(nonsilicate weak acid salts) ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ(sodium silicate, Na2SiO3) ์˜ ๊ทœ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„์—ด(silicate) ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Escalante- Garcia et al., 2003; Ravikumar et al., 2012; ลฝivica Vladimir, 2007, Kim et al., 2014). ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ๋… ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” CaO๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Kim et al., 2013). ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐ ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด Na2SO4 ๋˜๋Š” CaSO4๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋… ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AASC์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„ ๋˜ ํ•œ AASC์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ–‰ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Song et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2013; Yang and Sin, 2008; Rashad et al., 2013; Rashad et al., 2015, Song, 1980). ํ•˜ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ทœ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ•์‚ฐ์—ผ(non-silicate strong acid salt)์ธ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„์—ด(M2SO4, M์€ Na+, K+, Ca2+ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์–‘์ด์˜จ)์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ ์ง ๋งŽ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ AASC์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ํ™œ ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„์ง ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ๋น„๊ทœ์‚ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ•์‚ฐ์—ผ์ธ ํ™ฉ ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ(Na2SO4)๊ณผ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜(CaSO4)์„ ๊ฐ€์„ฑ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ ์‚ฐํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ(NaOH)์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ AASC์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Na2SO4๊ณผ CaSO4์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๋… ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ AASC์— NaOH ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฐœ์š”

2.1 ์‹œํ—˜์žฌ๋ฃŒ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ GGBFS์€ ํฌํ•ญ์˜ K์‚ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€ ์œผ๋ฉฐ, X-ray fluorescence(XRF) ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ Table 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Table 1์˜ GGBFS ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด GGBFS์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋„(basicity) Kb= (CaO+MgO) / (SiO2+Al2O3)๊ฐ€ 0.93์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด S์‚ฌ ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ Na2SO4, CaSO4 ๋ฐ NaOH(purity > 98 %)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜ ์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 1

The properties of GGBFS

Chemical components (%)

SiO2 35.30
Al2O3 12.58
Fe2O3 0.79
CaO 41.30
MgO 3.19
TiO2 0.70
MnO 0.22
SO3 4.75
K2O 0.63

Physical properties

Ig-loss (%) 0.32
Blain (m2/kg) 420
Density (g/mm2) 0.0028

2.2 ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํš

์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๏ผ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ ๋น„(W/B)๋ฅผ 0.5๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ(paste) ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, Na2SO4 ๋ฐ CaSO4์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ(GGBFS) ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์˜ 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 ๋ฐ 10 %๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ปจ ํŠธ๋กค(control) ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Table 2). 4๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ์—์„œ 2M ๋ฐ 4M์˜ NaOH ์šฉ์•ก์„ ๋ฌผ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜ ์—ฌ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 24๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ NaOH์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์˜ˆ๋น„์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋Š” 2M ๊ณผ 4M๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋‚ด ์‹ค ์˜จ์—์„œ ์•ฝ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •์น˜ํ•œ ๋’ค ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ฒด์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 50ร—50ร—50 ใŽฃ์˜ ์ •์œก๋ฉด์ฒด ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€ ๊ณ , ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 40ร—40ร—160 ใŽฃ์˜ ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” KS L 5109 ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ํ›„ ๋ชฐ๋“œ์— ํƒ€์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜จ๋„ 23ยฑ2ยฐC, ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„(RH) 75ยฑ5%์˜ ํ•ญ์˜จํ•ญ์Šต๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„ ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜จ๋„ 23ยฑ2ยฐC, ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„(RH) 75ยฑ5%์˜ ํ•ญ ์˜จํ•ญ์Šต๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ธก์ • ์žฌ๋ น์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝํ™”๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„, ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์†๋„(ultrasonic pulse velosity, UPV), ํก์ˆ˜์œจ ๋ฐ X์„  ํšŒ์ ˆ๋ถ„์„(X-ray diffraction, XRD)์„ ์‹ค ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 2

Mix properties of samples

Label Sulfate type

CS calcium sulfate (CaSO4)
SS sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)

Label (sulfate contents) Replacement ratio by GGBFS (%)

GGBFS Sulfate

2 97.5 2.5
5 95.0 5.0
7 92.5 7.5
10 90.0 10.0

3. ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

3.1 ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐ ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 3, 7 ๋ฐ 28์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜ ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์žฌ๋ น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” Figs. 1 ๋ฐ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. CaSO4 (calcium sulfate, ์ดํ•˜ CS)๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, CS๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ ๋… ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” GGBFS ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 7.5%๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 29.8 MPa๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2M ๋ฐ 4M NaOH๋ฅผ CS์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(2M NaOH + CS, 4M NaOH + CS) ๋ชจ๋‘ CS๊ฐ€ 5%๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 33.8 MPa๊ณผ 48.9 MPa๋กœ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, CS๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋… ํ™œ ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋„๋ณด๋‹ค CS๋ฅผ 2M ๋ฐ 4M์˜ NaOH์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 13.4% ๋ฐ 64.1%์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ์ง„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1

Compressive strength of CS series (a) CS, (b) 2M NaOH + CS, (c) 4M NaOH + CS

JKSMI-19-104_F1.jpg
Fig. 2

Compressive strength of SS series (a) SS, (b) 2M NaOH + SS, (c) 4M NaOH + SS

JKSMI-19-104_F2.jpg

Na2SO4(sodium sulfate, ์ดํ•˜ SS)๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, SS ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” Rashad et al.(2013) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, Moon, G. D. ๋ฐ Choi, Y. C.(2015)๋Š” CS์™€ SS ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ํ•˜์ด๋ณผ๋ฅจ(high-volume) ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์—์„œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์˜ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์น˜ํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก๊ณผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด CS๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋… ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ CS๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ์ง„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ฐ•๋„ ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฐ’๋„ ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ , ๊ฐ•์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ CS์˜ Ca2+ ์ด์˜จ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค ๊ณ , ํ•ด๋ฆฌ๋œ Ca2+ ์ด์˜จ์€ CSH ๋˜๋Š” ettringite ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ ์งˆ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” CS์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค SO4 2- ์ด์˜จ ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋œ GGBFS ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ํก์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ต์ œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” Taylor et al.(2001) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ettringite ์ƒ์„ฑ ์ง€์—ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜ ๋‚˜๋กœ SO4- ์ด์˜จ์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ผ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์ด์˜จ์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์žฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์ด์˜จ์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Song, C. T.(1980) ๋˜ํ•œ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ์„ ์‚ฌ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์ €ํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

SS์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ๋… ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 10% ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์—์„œ 37.5 MPa์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2M NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— ํ˜ผ ํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 7.5% ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์—์„œ, 4M NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ ์šฐ๋Š” 2.5% ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 43.1 MPa๊ณผ 46.6 MPa๋กœ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฐ• ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ SS์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์€ 10.0% (SS)โ†’7.5%(2M NaOH + SS)โ†’2.5%(4M NaOH + SS)๋กœ ๋‚ฎ ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง์— ๋”ฐ ๋ผ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ SS์˜ Na+ ์™€ SO4 2-์˜ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ํ•ด๋ฆฌ๋œ Na+์ค‘ ์ผ ๋ถ€๋Š” NaOH๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , SO4 2- ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” CaSO4๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋˜์–ด C-S-H ๋˜๋Š” ettringite์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ SS๋Š” 4M NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 7.5% ์น˜ ํ™˜์œจ๊ณผ 10.0% ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์—์„œ๋Š” 2M NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ €ํ•˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, SS๋Š” NaOH ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ CS๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋„ํ–ฅ์ƒ์—๋„ CS๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด SS๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋… ํ™œ ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋„๋ณด๋‹ค 2M ๋ฐ 4M์˜ NaOH์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 14.9%์™€ 24.1%์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ฆ์ง„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

CS์™€ SS ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹จ๋… ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„์™€ NaOH์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ CS ์™€ SS์˜ ๋‹จ๋… ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ™”๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํœจ๊ฐ• ๋„๋Š” Figs. 1 ๋ฐ 2์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. CS ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” CS, 2M NaOH + CS, 4M NaOH + CS์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ตœ๊ณ  ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 7.5, 5.0 ๋ฐ 5.0%์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, SS ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” SS, 2M NaOH + SS, 4M NaOH + SS์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10.0, 7.5 ๋ฐ 2.5%์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ตœ ๊ณ  ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ๊ณผ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3

Flexural strength of samples at 28 days

JKSMI-19-104_F3.jpg

3.2 ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์†๋„(UPV) ๋ฐ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ

์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์†๋„(UPV)๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋‚ด ๋ถ€ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋žต์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด UPV๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜ ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Fig. 4์— ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. UPV๋Š” 2๊ฐœ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ์ธก ์ •๊ฐ’์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. UPV์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฒซ ์ธก์ •์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ง„์ž๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ๋ฉด์— ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ๋ฉด์— ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐœ์ง„์ž์™€ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ UPV ๊ฐ’ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. UPV๋Š” ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค NaOH์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ UPV๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4

UPV of different sulfate type with NaOH

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Fig. 4๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ UPV์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ์ „์ˆ ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. CS ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” CS, 2M NaOH + CS, 4M NaOH + CS์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 7.5, 5.0 ๋ฐ 5.0%์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ UPV๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , SS ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” SS, 2M NaOH + SS, 4M NaOH + SS์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10.0, 7.5 ๋ฐ 2.5%์—์„œ ๋†’์€ UPV๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

UPV์˜ ์†๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” AASC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฐ€ ํ•ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ์„ ๋‹จ๋… ํ™œ ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ์„ NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ AASC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋” ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์™€ UPV์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์™€ UPV๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ ์—ผ(CS ๋ฐ SS)๊ณผ 2M ๋ฐ 4M NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์„ ํ˜•๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋Š” AASC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์กฐ์ง์˜ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ UPV์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋„ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5

Relationship of compressive strength and UPV

JKSMI-19-104_F5.jpg

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜ ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์€ 2๊ฐœ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 6๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํก์ˆ˜์œจ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. CS ๋˜๋Š” SS๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋… ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2M NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— CS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(2M NaOH + CS)๋Š” 2.5% CS ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์—์„œ 2.3% ์ •๋„์˜ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 5.0% CS ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์—์„œ๋Š” 1.4% ์ •๋„์˜ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 7.5% CS ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค ์‹œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 4M NaOH ์ˆ˜ ์šฉ์•ก์— CS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(4M NaOH + CS)๋Š” CS ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2M NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ์— SS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(2M NaOH + SS)์— ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์€ SS์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , 4M NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— SS๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(4M NaOH + SS)์— ๋Š” SS์˜ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, 4M NaOH + 7.5% SS ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ๊ณผ 4M NaOH + 10.0% SS ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค SS๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. SS ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์น˜ํ™˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ SO4 2-์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜ ๋Š” GGBFS ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ ๋“ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜์–ด ๊ณต๊ทน์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6

Absorption of samples at 28 days

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๋˜ํ•œ Fig. 7์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํ˜•๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ทน ๊ณผ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ทน์ด ๊ฐ•๋„์ €ํ•˜์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7

Relationship of compressive strength and Absorption

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UPV์™€ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋… ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„์™€ NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์˜ ํ˜ผ ํ•ฉ์€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ฆ๋Œ€์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•จ ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ AASC ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ ๋‹ค. ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ๊ณผ UPV์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์˜ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„์˜ ์ตœ์  ์น˜ํ™˜๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.3 XRD ๋ถ„์„

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ น 28์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ X์„  ํšŒ์ ˆ๋ถ„์„(XRD)์„ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, CS ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 7.5% CS, 2M NaOH + 5.0% CS, 4M NaOH + 5.0% CS์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด(Fig. 1)์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  SS ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 10% SS, 2M NaOH + 7.5% SS, 4M NaOH + 2.5% SS ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด(Fig. 2)์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. XRD ๋ถ„ ์„์€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹œํ—˜ ํ›„ ํŒŒ์‡„๋œ ์‹œํŽธ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„์‡„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹œํ‚จ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 8์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ ๋‹ค. XRD ํŒจํ„ด์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ํ”ผํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8

XRD analysis of samples

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XRD ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, CS๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋… ๋˜๋Š” NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ettringite, CSH, sodium sulfate hydrate, calcium silicate, calcium sulfate ๋ฐ calcium aluminum silicate ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 8(a)). 4M NaOH + 5.0% CS์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š” 7.5% CS์™€ 2M NaOH + 5.0% CS ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ silicate๊ณ„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ ์งˆ์ธ calcium aluminum silicate hydroxide์˜ ํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

SS๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋… ๋˜๋Š” NaOH ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋‚ด ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Song, C. T.(1980)์€ CaSO4์™€ NaOH๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก๊ณผ GGBFS์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ SiO2 ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์นผ์Š˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ XRD ๋ถ„์„ ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณ„์™€ NaOH๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ ํ™” ์Šฌ๋ž˜๊ทธ์˜ ์—ญํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜(calcium sulfate; CS)๊ณผ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ(sodium sulfate; SS)์„ ๋‹จ๋… ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค NaOH์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ฐ•๋„ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ์€ GGBFS์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•๋„ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ •๋น„์œจ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์€ ๊ฐ•๋„์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์œ  ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋น„์œจ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋„ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ 7.5%, 2M ๋˜๋Š” 4M NaOH์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๋Š” 5.0%์ด๊ณ , ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ๋… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ๋Š” 10.0%, 2M NaOH์—์„œ๋Š” 7.5%, 4M NaOH์—์„œ๋Š” 2.5%์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜€๋‹ค

  2. ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋žต์ ์ธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ตฌ์กฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์†๋„(UPV)์™€ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ NaOH์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํ™œ ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋Š” GGBFS์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

  3. XRD ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ NaOH ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ettringite, CSH ๋ฐ silicate๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

  4. ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ NaOH์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ์˜ ๋‹จ๋… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ ์šฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ ํ‚ค๊ณ  ์กฐ์ง์„ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋†๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์  ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2014๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€(๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ฐฝ์กฐ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…(NRF-2014 R1A1A3052424)์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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