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Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute

J Korea Inst. Struct. Maint. Insp.
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  • Korea Citation Index (KCI)




๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์กฐ์ ์กฐ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋ฒ•, ์™ธ๋ถ€๋ณด๊ฐ•, ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜•๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ, ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„
Unreinforced masonry, Economical reinforcement methods, External reinforcement, Adhesive stiffeners, Shear strength

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๋ฒฝ๋Œ์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์กฐ์ ์กฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌ ํ•œ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์€ ๋ฏธ์  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ณต์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ, ์ œ์กฐ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฑด ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์ ์กฐ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋ฌผ์€ 1990๋…„๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค ์ดํ›„ ์‹ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜ ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ฝ 40% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค(NIDP, 2009). ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์ ์กฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด 1~2์ธต์˜ ์ €์ธต๊ฑด์ถ• ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ง€์–ด์ง„์ง€ 20๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๋˜์–ด ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค„๋ˆˆ๊ณผ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ ์˜ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ ์กฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ์ง€์ง„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšก ๋ ฅ์ž‘์šฉ์‹œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์กฐ์ ์กฐ ๊ฑด ์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์กฐ์  ์กฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ „๋‹จ์ €ํ•ญ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๋ณด๊ฐ•์€ ์ˆ ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ(shotcrete)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋ผ์šฐํŠธ ์ฃผ์ž…(grout injections), ์ฝ”์–ด์‹ ์„ค(reinforced core) ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์ ์šฉ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜(M. A. ElGawady, 2006), ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(ElGawady M et al., 2004). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”๋œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น„ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ณต์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ „ ๋‹จ์ €ํ•ญ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ทจ์„ฑํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ• ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜• ์ƒ๋น„(L/H)๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์š”๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์ „ยท ํ›„ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ ์šฉ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ

2.1. ์กฐ์ ์กฐ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๊ณต๋ฒ•

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ฆ์ง„, ๋ณ€ํ˜• ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํก์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฒ•๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์ œ์•ˆ (MOE, 2011)๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์กฐ์ ์กฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ฆ ์ง„๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฒ•์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ ์กฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ ฅํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ณจ์กฐ์˜ ์„ค์น˜(Ahn et al., 2013), ์„ฌ์œ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ(Bae et al., 2012)์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ€ํ˜• ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ œ์Šคํฌ๋ฅ˜ ์•ต์ปค(Ismail et al., 2011), ์•ต์ปค ํƒ€์ด(Anchor tie) ๋“ฑ์ด ์‹œ๊ณต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์„ฌ์œ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ(fiber reinforced polymer)๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ตญ์™ธ(Luccioni et al., 2011; zhou et al., 2016)๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด(Kwon et al., 2004)์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ œ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์™ธ๋ถ€๋ณด๊ฐ•๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ„์ง„๋ฐœ์ƒ, ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”, ์ •๋ฐ€์‹œ๊ณต ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์— ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋‹ค(Song, 2013). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ์™ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ ํ›„๋œ ์กฐ์ ์กฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ ค ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณด๊ฐ•๊ณต๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ Fig. 1(a)~ (b)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์Šคํ‹ธ์ฝ”๋“œ(Steel cord), ์ฒœ์—ฐ์„ฌ์œ (Natural fiber), ํด ๋ฆฌํ”„๋ฆฌํ•„๋ Œ(polypropylene)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ ๋‹ค(Borri et al., 2011; Olivito et al., 2012; Paola, et al., 2004).

Fig. 1

Seismic retrofit materials of masonry wall

JKSMI-21-13_F1.jpg

2.2. ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ฐ•๋„

FEMA 356์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ถ•์‘๋ ฅ, ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„, ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ชจ๋“œ (Rocking, Toe Crushing, Sliding, Diagonal Tension)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„์‹์„ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(2)(3)

(1)
V r = 0.9 ฮฑ P ( L H )

(2)
V t c = ฮฑ P ( L H ) ( 1 โˆ’ f a 0.7 f โ€ฒ โ€‰ m )

(3)
V b j s = V m e A n = 0.75 ( 0.75 ฯ… t e + P / A n ) 1.5 A n

(4)
V d t = f โ€ฒ โ€‰ d t A n ( L H ) 1 + f a f โ€ฒ โ€‰ d t

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ฮฑ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด(์บ”ํ‹ธ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„: 0.5, ์–‘๋‹จ ๊ณ ์ •: 1.0), P๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ•ํ•˜์ค‘, L, H๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๊ธธ์ด์™€ ์œ ํšจ ๋†’์ด ์ด๋ฉฐ, fa๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์••์ถ•์‘๋ ฅ, fโ€ฒ m์€ ์กฐ์ ์กฐ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ• ๋„(fโ€ฒ m = fโ€ฒ me/1.6), Vme์€ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ค„๋ˆˆ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„, An์€ ๋ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰, fโ€ฒ me๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, vte๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„, fโ€ฒdt ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ธ์žฅ ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์œ„์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 4 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‹ค์ •์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ Kwon(2007) ๋“ฑ์€ UBC Code์˜ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ์ „๋‹จ์‘๋ ฅ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.(5)

(5)
V m = 0.02 A n f โ€ฒ โ€‰ m

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ฐ ์‹์˜ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋Š” (1)~(4)์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์‹œ์„ค์•ˆ์ „๊ณต๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” FEMA์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ชจ๋“œ๋ณ„ ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜ ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(6)(7)

(6)
V t c , r = 1800 ฮฑ P ( L H ) ( 1 โˆ’ f a 0.5 f โ€ฒ โ€‰ m )

(7)
V b j s = V m e A n = 0.56 ฯ… t + 0.005 P L t L t 1.5

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ฐ ์‹์˜ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋Š” (1)~(4)์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, t๋Š” ๋ฒฝ๋‘๊ป˜, vt ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹œํ—˜์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒ๋‹จ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 0.2 MPa, ๋ณดํ†ต์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 0.15 MPa, ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 0.1 MPa๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฐ•๋„์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ค„๋ˆˆํŒŒ๊ดด ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์ธ์žฅํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” FEMA์‹์„ ๋”ฐ๋ž ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ•์ฒดํšŒ์ „ ๋ฐ ์–‘๋‹จ๋ถ€์••๊ดด ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” FEMA์‹์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

2.3. ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํšจ๊ณผ

๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” FRP๋‚˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์กฐ์  ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์กฐ์  ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ• ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌด ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ž„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฃŒ(์œ ๋ฆฌ์„ฌ์œ )์˜ ํญ, ๋†’์ด, ์„ค๊ณ„ํŒŒ ๋‹จ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ „๋‹จ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋‹จ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์‹(Kwon et al., 2007)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(8)
V f = a โ€‰ ยท โ€‰ b g โ€‰ ยท โ€‰ h g โ€‰ ยท โ€‰ A โ€‹โ€‰ ยท โ€‰ f g

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, a: ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, bg: ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํญ, hg: ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ๋†’์ด, A: ๊ฐœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€์œจ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, fg: ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ํŒŒ๋‹จ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„ (N/mm2) ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋œ ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.(9)

(9)
V n = V m + V f

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, Vn์€ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋œ ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๋‚ด๋ ฅ, Vm์€ ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ•์กฐ ์ ์กฐ์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๋‚ด๋ ฅ, Vf๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ „๋‹จ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์กฐ์ ์กฐ์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

3. ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฒ•๊ฐœ์š”

3.1. ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

c๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๋ณด ๊ฐ•๊ณต๋ฒ•์€ Fig. 2๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ ‘์ฐฉ์žฌ, ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ, ๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์ž์™ธ์„  ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์žฌ 3๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 58 kg/cm2(์ฒ ํŒ), ์‹ ์œจ์€ 11%, ๋น„์ค‘์€ 1.5, ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” 1.1 mm์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋ถ€ํ‹ธ๊ณ ๋ฌด์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฒฝ์ฒดํŒŒ๊ดด์‹œ์—๋„ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ‰๋ผ์Šค(Flat lath)๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๋ฉด์™ธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘๊ป˜ 0.7~0.8 mm๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ”ํŒ…์žฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์•Œ๋ฃจ ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ํ•„๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์— ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 2

Configuration of the adhesive stiffener

JKSMI-21-13_F2.jpg

3.2. ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜•๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ค‘์—๋„ ์‹œ๊ณต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์ง„์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Fig. 3(a)~(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์กฐ์  ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋จธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ›„, ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒฝ ์ฒด์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ์€ ํ† ์น˜๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ๋ถ€ ์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ๋กค๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ๋”์šฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์–‘๋‹จ๋ถ€์™€ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ๋ถ€ ์—๋Š” ์—์–ดํƒ€์นด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ฝ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ ์•ˆํ•œ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์€ ์‹œ๊ณต๋‚œ์ด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ณต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ฐ•์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žฅ์ ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 3

Adhesive type stiffener

JKSMI-21-13_F3.jpg

3.3. ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์‹คํ—˜

์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž KS B 0802์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ธ์žฅ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋งŒ๋Šฅ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ธฐ(Universal testing machine)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‰๋ผ์Šค์˜ ํญ 60~70 mm, ์ ‘ ์ฐฉ๋ถ€์žฌ์˜ ํญ 100 mm๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฅผ 3๊ฐœ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ€ ๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ณต ํ›„์—๋„ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‹œ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4

Direct tensile tests on adhesive retrofit materials

JKSMI-21-13_F4.jpg

4. ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์š”

4.1. ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ๊ณ„ํš

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‹œ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ์†Œ์‚ฐ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„(L/H)๋Š” Fig. 5๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 1.0, 1.3, 2.0์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„๋ณ„ ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์™€ ๋ณด ๊ฐ•์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ์กฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 1.0 B๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์€ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. N-MW-1.0 ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด 2000 mmร—๋†’์ด 2000 mm๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹ค ํ—˜์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ, R-MW-1.0์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜•๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜•๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๋กœ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์–‘๋‹จ๋ถ€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ Head Joint์—์„œ 30 cm๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ 6๊ฐœ์™€ ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์— 1๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜ ์—ฌ ํ•œ๋ฉด์— ์ด 7๊ฐœ์”ฉ ์–‘๋ฉด์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋กœ๋Š” ์–‘๋‹จ๋ถ€ Bed Joint์—์„œ 2๋‹จ์œ„์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ›„ ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 1.0์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋กœ 3์ค„, ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 1.3์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” 2์ค„, ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 2.0์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” 1์ค„์„ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 3~5๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธ๋กœ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ์ ์ธต์ˆ˜๋Š” 2๊ฒน์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ƒยทํ•˜๋ถ€ ๊ฐ 1๋‹จ์”ฉ์€ ์—ํญ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€๋ ฅํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ฝ˜ํฌ ๋ฆฌํŠธ์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์–‘๋‹จ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ฐจ๋ถ€์— ํƒ€์ปคํ•€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธ๋Š” Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Fig. 5

Masonry wall specimens

JKSMI-21-13_F5.jpg
Table 1

Description of the specimens

Specimens Size(mm) Retrofitting Layer

N-MW-1.0 2000ร—2000 - -
R-MW-1.0 2000ร—2000 โ—‹ 2
N-MW-1.3 2000ร—1500 - -
R-MW-1.3 2000ร—1500 โ—‹ 2
N-MW-2.0 2000ร—1000 - -
R-MW-2.0 2000ร—1000 โ—‹ 2

[i] N: Non Retrofitted, MW: Masonry Wall, R: Retrofitted, Number: Aspect ratio

4.2. ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํš

์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์€ ๋ณ€์œ„์ œ์–ด๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์˜ํ•œ ํšก๋ ฅ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ Fig. 6(a)~(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 500 kN ์•ก์ธ„์—์ดํ„ฐ(Actuator)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜ ์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 0.1%๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ •ยท๋ถ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ 3ํšŒ์”ฉ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๊ฐ€๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์••์ถ• ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ฐ•์žฌํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ๋ฐ ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ฝ 8 kN์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 6

Test set-up and loading history

JKSMI-21-13_F6.jpg

5. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

5.1. ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋™

ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ฐ• ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 7์™€ Table 2์— ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„(L/H) 1.0์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์ธ N-MW-1.0์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฒฝ์ฒดํ•˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ•์ฒดํšŒ์ „(Rocking)์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ•˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง(Sliding) ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•œ R-MW-1.0์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฐ•์ „ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒดํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ค„๋ˆˆ์—์„œ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜ ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ถ€์••๊ดด(Toe crush) ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 1.3์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์ธ N-MW-1.3์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ ๋น„ 1.0์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์กฐ์  ํ•˜๋ถ€์ค„๋ˆˆ์—์„œ ๊ท ์—ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ ํ•˜์ค‘๊ฐ ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 0.4%์—์„œ ๋ฉด์™ธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ํ•˜์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฉด ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜•๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋œ R-MW-1.3์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฐ•์ „์‹คํ—˜ ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ•์ฒดํšŒ์ „๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ง„ ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฉด์™ธ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ์˜ ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 2.0์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์ธ N-MW-2.0 ๋ฐ R-MW-2.0์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ฒดํšŒ์ „ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง์— ์˜ํ•ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ R-MW-2.0์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ํŒŒ๊ดด ์ดํ›„ ํ•˜์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ ์—†์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋งŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ›„ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 7

Crack occurrence and failure mode

JKSMI-21-13_F7.jpg
Table 2

Failure mode results

Specimens Size(mm) Retrofitting Layer

N-MW-1.0 1.0 - R, S
R-MW-1.0 1.0 Adhesive reinforcements R, S, TC
N-MW-1.3 1.3 - R, S
R-MW-1.3 1.3 Adhesive reinforcements R, S
N-MW-2.0 2.0 - R, S
R-MW-2.0 2.0 Adhesive reinforcements R, S

[i] Failure mode: R(rocking), S(sliding), TC(toe crushing)

5.2. ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„๊ด€๊ณ„

๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ Fig. 8์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 1.0์˜ ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์กฐ์  ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์ธ URM-1.0 ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ๋Š” ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ ์•ฝ 0.12%์—์„œ ์ •๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ•˜์ค‘ 24.19 kN, ๋ถ€๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ•˜์ค‘ โ€“14.81 kN, ํ‰๊ท  ์ตœ๋Œ€๋‚ด๋ ฅ 19.5 kN๋„๋‹ฌ ํ›„ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 0.2% ์ดํ›„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์—†์ด ๋ณ€์œ„๋งŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…ํŒŒ๊ดด๋Š” ์ธต๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ ์•ฝ 0.37%์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ•์ฒดํšŒ์ „ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฉด์™ธ ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. RM-1.0 ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€ ์œ„๋น„ ์•ฝ 0.1%์—์„œ ์ •๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 36.01 kN, ๋ถ€๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ€“19.25 kN, ํ‰ ๊ท ๋‚ด๋ ฅ 27.63 kN์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ƒ์Šนํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ›„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ํ•˜์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ ์•ฝ 0.2% ์ดํ›„ ํ•˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋งŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 2.0% ๋ฒฝ ์ฒด์˜ ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ถ€ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์˜ ์••๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 1.3์˜ ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์ธ URM-1.3์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ ์•ฝ 0.19%์—์„œ ์ •๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ•˜์ค‘ 13.76 kN, ๋ถ€๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ•˜์ค‘ โ€“10.06 kN, ํ‰ ๊ท ๋‚ด๋ ฅ 11.91 kN์—์„œ ๊ท ์—ด๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ํ•˜์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ ์•ฝ 0.38%์—์„œ ๋ฉด์™ธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜•๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋œ RM-1.3์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ ์•ฝ 0.4%์—์„œ ์ •๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ•˜์ค‘ 23.55 kN, ๋ถ€๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ•˜์ค‘ โ€“15.41 kN, ํ‰๊ท ๋‚ด๋ ฅ 19.48 kN์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉ ํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ ์„ค์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ƒ์Šนํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 0.7%๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ˆ์ • ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ ฅ๊ณก์„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 2.0์˜ ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์ธ URM- 2.0 ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 0.6%์— ์„œ ์ •๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ•˜์ค‘ 25.2 kN, ๋ถ€๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ•˜์ค‘ โ€“7.90 kN, ํ‰๊ท ๋‚ด๋ ฅ 16.55 kN์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜์ข…๋ฃŒ์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํก์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋œ RM-2.0์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ์ธต๊ฐ„๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ 0.4%์—์„œ ์ •๋ฐฉํ–ฅํ•˜์ค‘ 26.05 kN, ๋ถ€๋ฐฉ ํ–ฅ ํ•˜์ค‘ โ€“24.73 kN, ํ‰๊ท ๋‚ด๋ ฅ 25.39 kN์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํก์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘- ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ ๊ณก์„ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„๋น„์— ์„œ ์ •๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ํšก๋ณ€์œ„๋น„์—์„œ ํ•ญ๋ณต์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„์—์„œ ์ฒซ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์„ ์ •๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ท ์—ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ดํ›„ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ณ€ํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์—์„œ ๋‚ด ๋ ฅ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8

Relationship of loading-drift ratio

JKSMI-21-13_F8.jpg

5.3. ์ตœ๋Œ€๋‚ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ณ€์œ„

์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์‹œ๊ณต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋‚ด๋ ฅ, ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ณ€์œ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 9์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋‚ด๋ ฅ๋น„์™€ ์ตœ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์œ„๋น„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ •๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 9

Retrofitting Effect

JKSMI-21-13_F9.jpg

ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์™€ ๋น„ ๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋‚ด๋ ฅ์€ ์ตœ์†Œ 1.42๋ฐฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 1.63๋ฐฐ๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ตœ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์œ„๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ 1.16๋ฐฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 1.89๋ฐฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 1.3 ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ท ์—ด๋ฐœ ์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์ฒดํšŒ์ „๊ณผ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ดด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฉด์™ธ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

5.4. ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜•๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๋‚ด๋ ฅ

๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜•๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ „ ๋‹จ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 10๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ• ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„์˜ ์ •(+)๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ง€์ ๊ณผ ๋ถ€(-)๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ง€์ ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 10

Shear Strength of Wall Specimens according to Equations

JKSMI-21-13_F10.jpg

FEMA์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ ๋“  ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ฒดํšŒ์ „์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์˜ ์•ฝ 0.4~0.8๋ฐฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ตญ์‹œ์„ค์•ˆ์ „๊ณต๋‹จ ๋ฐ ๊ถŒ๊ธฐํ˜์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์‹์€ ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 1.0์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค ํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์˜ ์•ฝ 1.1๋ฐฐ~1.2๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต์  ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด ์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ’์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์‹์—์„œ๋Š” ๋†’์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ์ถ•๋ ฅ์— ๋น„ ํ•ด ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ’์€ ์ปค์กŒ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฐ’์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘์•„์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๋ฐฉ์žฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ (NDMI, 2008) ๋ฐ Kwon et al.(2007)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ „๋‹จ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์€ ์‹(8)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜ ์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ถ€์œจ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” A๋Š” Kwon et al.(2007)์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฐ’์ธ (1+2ฮฑ)3์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์„œ, ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ฮฑ๋Š” ๋ฉด๋‚ด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ถ€ ๋น„์œจ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ณ„๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆ ์‹์„ ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์„ ํ‰๊ท ํ•˜์—ฌ 0.025์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์–ป์—ˆ ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ตœ์ข… ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.(10)

(10)
V f = 0.025 b g h g ( 1 + 2 ฮฑ ) 3 f g

๋„์ถœ๋œ ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ „๋‹จ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฐ’์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ 10%๋‚ด์™ธ๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

5.5. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋น„๊ต

์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(Energy dissipation capacity)์€ ์ง€์ง„๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ง€์ง„์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด์—์„œ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚ด์ง„์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ ์–‘์€ Fig. 11์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ์–‘์€ ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์œ„ ๋น„์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 11

Energy dissipation

JKSMI-21-13_F11.jpg

ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 1.0, 1.3, 2.0์ธ ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ์€ ๊ฐ ๋ณ€ ์œ„๋น„์—์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์ข…๋ณ€์œ„๋น„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 69.25 kNยทmm, 86.22 kNยทmm, 43.25 kNยทmm๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ ์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ์†Œ์‚ฐ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” RM-1.0, RM-1.3, RM-2.0์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 213.11 kNยทmm, 113.43 kNยทmm, 159.28 kNยทmm๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋น„ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ 3.68๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ ๋ณ€์œ„๋น„์˜ ์†Œ์‚ฐ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•œ ๋ˆ„์ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ์€ ํ˜•์ƒ ๋น„์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ณด๊ฐ•์ „ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  165.73 kNยทmm, ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ›„ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  546.5 kNยทmm๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜•๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ ์„ค์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•ฝ 3.3๋ฐฐ์˜ ์†Œ์‚ฐ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜์‹œ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์‹œํ—˜ ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

  • 1) ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ถ•๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ฒดํšŒ์ „์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ์š”ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ํ•˜๋ถ€์— ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

  • 2) ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€ํ˜•๊ณก์„ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์ „ยท ํ›„ ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 1.0 ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด๊ฐ•์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋Š” ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ๊ท ์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•ญ๋ณต์ดํ›„ ์†Œ์„ฑ๋ณ€ํ˜•์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํŠน ์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

  • 3) ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ ์„ค์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋‚ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ณ€์œ„๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„ 1.3์‹ค ํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

  • 4) ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋œ ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„์‹์€ ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์‹๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฐ’์€ 10%๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

  • 5) ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ˜•์ƒ๋น„์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต์‹œ ์•ฝ 3.3๋ฐฐ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ์‚ฐ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ‘์ฐฉํ˜•๋ณด๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๋ณด๊ฐ• ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ์˜ ํšก๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์  ์กฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฉด๋‚ดํŒŒ๊ดด ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฉด์™ธ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ดด, ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ถ€ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์† ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ก ์‹์˜ ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2015๋…„ ์ด๊ณต๊ณ„์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„œํฌํ„ฐ์ฆˆ์‚ฌ์—… (C0336021) ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„.

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