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Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute

J Korea Inst. Struct. Maint. Insp.
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  • Korea Citation Index (KCI)




ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ•์„ , ํœจ ๋ฐ ์ธ์žฅ, ๊ฐ•์„  ์ง๊ฒฝ, ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ, ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜
Prestressing steel wire, Tension and deflection, Diameter of wire, Diameter of mandrel, Friction coefficient

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ•์žฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์žฅ๊ต, ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰, LNG ์ €์žฅํƒฑํฌ ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์žฌ์ธ ์ฒ  ๊ทผ์ด๋‚˜ ํ›„ํŒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 4๋ฐฐ์ธ 1,860~2,400MPa์˜ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ• ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ•์žฌ๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐœ ๊ผฌ์•„์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ ์šฉ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ ์„ ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฐœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ•์žฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ฐฉ์žฅ์น˜์— ๊ณ ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์ฐฉ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ์ •์ฐฉ์žฅ์น˜ ์‚ฌ์ด ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฐœํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ชจ์•„์ ธ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ์ด ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์˜ 2~3๋ฐฐ ์ด๋‚ด ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋•ํŠธ ๋‚ด์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ•์žฌ์—๋Š” ์ธ์žฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ๊ฐ•์žฌ๋Š” ์ •์ฐฉ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋•ํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ํœจ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ํšจ ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฌ๋ฌผ์„  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๋‚ด์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ํŽธํ–ฅ์žฅ์น˜(Deviator)์—์„œ ํœจ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1

Flexure of Prestressing Steel in Anchorage Device

JKSMI-23-147_F1.jpg
Fig. 2

Parabolic Arrangement of Prestressing Steel in Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridge

JKSMI-23-147_F2.jpg

์ถ•๋ ฅ๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(ฯƒaxial)์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•์„ ์ด ์ถ•๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํœจ ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(ฯƒaxial +ฯƒflexure) ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋‚ด์—๋Š” ํœจ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ๊ฐ• ๋„ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ•์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๊ฐ•์„  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ(ASTM, 2017; ISO, 1991; EN, 2009; KS, 2018)์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„, ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ, ๋ฆด๋ ‰์„ธ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ•˜ ์ œ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ • ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ•๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํœจ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” EN(2009)๊ณผ KS(2018)์—์„œ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ• ์„ ์„ 20ยฐ ๊บฝ์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋•Œ ์–ป์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ• ๋„(Fa)๋ฅผ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ISO (2010)์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Fm)์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ €๊ฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ํ‘œ ํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ D ( = 1 โˆ’ F a / F m , % ) ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ €๊ฐ์œจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ PTI (2012)์™€ fib (2005)์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์žฅ๊ต์šฉ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 20%, EN (2009)์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด ๊ฐ•์šฉ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 28%๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์žฅ๊ต์šฉ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„  ์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์šฉ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์— ๋ถ€์‹๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•„์—ฐ๋„๊ธˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„  ๋ฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ•์„ ์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ(์„ ์žฌ)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋งŒ ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฐ•์„  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์ด ์–ด๋Š ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ ๋ผ ์š”๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3

Deflected Tensile Test (Kim and Yang, 2018)

JKSMI-23-147_F3.jpg

์•„์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ ๊ทธ D ๊ฐ’์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ’ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์„ค์ •๋œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์กด FIP (1996)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์น˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ (notch sensitivity) ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋กœ๋งŒ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Tadolini et al. (2016)์€ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ 3 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ€์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ๋ดํŠธ PC ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์˜ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๋ดํŠธ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋งจ ๋“œ๋Ÿด์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Oshima et al. (2016), Hayashi et al. (2016), Tanaka et al. (2017)์€ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ตด์ ˆ ์ธ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์‹คํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ถ„์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜ ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. Kim and Yang (2018)์€ ์‚ฌ์žฅ๊ต์šฉ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ผฌ์ž„ ํ”ผ์น˜, ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ, ์™์Šค์™€ HDPE ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ์‹œํ—˜ ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ ์ฐจ์ด, ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋“ฑ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํ•ด์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜ ์—ฌ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ, ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ทธ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„  ์ „์ฒด ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ์ปค์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ๊ณผ ๋งจ๋“œ ๋Ÿด์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ณผ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์˜ ๊ตด ์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ์„ ์˜ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ค๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์„  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 600์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ• ์„ ์˜ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ, ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ, ๊ฐ• ์„ -๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ๋น„, ๊ฐ•์„ -๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, ๊ฐ•์„  ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์˜ ์˜ ํ–ฅ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ์ง‘์ค‘ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์ถ•๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํœจ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‘๋ ฅ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ

Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์— ์ผ์ • ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ๊ฐ€ ๋ ฅ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ•์„ ์€ Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์˜ ์ผ์ • ๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๋ฉฐ ํœจ๊ฑฐ ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ ๊ทนํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(Kim and Yang, 2018). Fig. 4์—์„œ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์„  ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ•์„ ์— ๋„์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ธ์žฅ๋ ฅ T๋Š” ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์˜ ์–‘ ์ธก์—์„œ ๊ฐ™๊ฒŒ(T1=T2) ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์—†๊ณ , ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง๋ถ„๋ ฅ(N)์ด ๊ฐ•์„ ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜ ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ•์„ ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ•๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํœจ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‘๋ ฅ์€ ์‹ (3)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ Fig. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 3.5%๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•๊ฒฝํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์™„์ „ ์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์„  ์ง๊ฒฝ 3mm, 5mm, 7mm ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ (2)์™€ ์‹ (3)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํœจ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์‘ ๋ ฅ์ด 1860MPa์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ(2r)์€ 82.8mm, 138.0mm, 193.2mm๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ISO(2010)์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„  ์ง๊ฒฝ 12.5~18mm์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ 24.7~34.9mm ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜์ง๋ถ„ ๋ ฅ(N)์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ˆŒ๋ฆผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ง‘์ค‘์‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์„ ์ด ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๋Š” ํœจ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ „์— ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทนํ•œ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(1)
R a d i u s โ€‰ o f โ€‰ c u r v a t u r e โ€‰ o n โ€‰ t h e โ€‰ c e n t e r โ€‰ o f โ€‰ w i r e โ€‰ : ฯ = r + d 2
(2)
S t r a i n โ€‰ a t โ€‰ t h e โ€‰ o u t e r โ€‰ s u r f a c e โ€‰ : โˆˆ = โˆˆ a x i a l + d / 2 ฯ = T ฯ€ d 2 / 4 + d 2 r + d
(3)
S t r e s s โ€‰ ( โˆˆ y โ‰ค โˆˆ โ‰ค 3.5 % ) : ฯƒ = ฯƒ y + E h a r d e n ( โˆˆ โˆ’ โˆˆ y ) S t r e s s ( 3.5 % โ‰ค โˆˆ ) โ€ƒโ€ƒโ€‰โ€‰ : ฯƒ = ฯƒ u

Fig. 4

Conceptual Drawing of Wire Bent over a Mandrel

JKSMI-23-147_F4.jpg
Fig. 5

Material Model for FE Analysis

JKSMI-23-147_F5.jpg

3. ๊ตฌ์กฐํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ ์ผ€์ด์Šค

3.1 ๊ตฌ์กฐํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

๊ตฌ์กฐํ•ด์„์—๋Š” ABAQUS Ver. 6.12 (Abaqus, 2000)์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ณผ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ 8๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์†”๋ฆฌ๋“œ์š”์†Œ (C3D8R)๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์€ ์ง๊ฒฝ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—†์ด ์š”์†Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ 2.5mm๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ•์„  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง๊ฒฝ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” 0.6mm ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์š”์†Œ๋ฃฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ธธ์ด๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด๊ณผ ๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 20mm๋กœ, ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด๊ณผ ๋‹ฟ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋Š” ์•ฝ 1mm ๋‚ด์™ธ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜๋ ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์žฌ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” 200,000MPa๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ Fig. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ Tri-linear ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ Kim and Yang (2018)์˜ ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด์„๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธ์™€ ์‹ค ๋ฌผ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•ด์„๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์€ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ (Kim and Yang, 2018) ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐํ•ด์„์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค (Fig. 6): (1) ๊ฐ•์„  ์„ธํŒ…, (2) ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์„  ํšŒ์ „ ์„ค์น˜, (3) ์ธ์žฅ๋ ฅ ๋„์ž….

Fig. 6

FE Simulation Steps of Deflected Tensile Test (Kim and Yang, 2018)

JKSMI-23-147_F6.jpg

3.2 ํ•ด์„ ์ผ€์ด์Šค

ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ•์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„  ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ง๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ 3~7mm ์ •๋„์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ISO(2010)์—์„œ 24.7~34.9mm๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” 0.1~0.2 ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ PTI(2012)์™€ fib(2005)์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 4%์™€ 4.5%๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 6~12% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์ด ์ธก์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค (Kim and Yang, 2018). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„  ์ง๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ 3mm, 5mm, 7mm ์˜ 3์ข…, ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ISO(2010) ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ์ง๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ•์„ ์„ ๊ณ  ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ์— ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ 2์ข…์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 5์ข…, ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 0.1 ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 0.3 ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด 4์ข…, ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ( โˆˆ u )์„ 3.5% ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 21% ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด 10์ข…์„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ์กฐ ํ•ฉ์ธ 600 ์ผ€์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์กฐํ•ด์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (Table 1).

Table 1

FE Analysis Cases

JKSMI-23-147_T1.jpg

4. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„

4.1 ๊ฐ•์„  ์ง๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

์šฐ์„  ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 14.7mm, 0.3, 21%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Figs. 7๊ณผ 8์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 7์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋  ๋•Œ ์ง๊ฒฝ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‘๋ ฅ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ณ€์œ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์„  ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋” ํฐ ์‘๋ ฅ ์ง‘์ค‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ํ•ญ ๋ณต๊ณผ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ•์„  ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™• ์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋†’์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Š” Fig. 8์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘-๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7

Stress Distribution in Wire

JKSMI-23-147_F7.jpg
Fig. 8

Load-Displacement Curve of Deflected Tensile Tests of Wire

JKSMI-23-147_F8.jpg

ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ฐ•์„ ์ด ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์— ๋‹ฟ์€ ํ›„ ์ ์ฐจ ํœจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งจ๋“œ ๋Ÿด์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทนํ•œ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋„ ๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ๊ณก๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํœจ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 2์žฅ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ถ„์„๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ๊ณก๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํœจ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ๊ณก๋ฅ  ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ ‘์ด‰๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ถ„๋ ฅ ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์‘๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ปค์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 9๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„  ์ง๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ y์ถ•์€ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋น„์œจ(Fa/Fm, %)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์ด 3.5%, 9%, 15%, 21%์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ถ”์„ธ์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋Š” โ€“0.0394, -0.0305, -0.0225, โ€“0.0055๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์ด 3.5%์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด 3mm์—์„œ 7mm๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 15% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฉด, ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์ด 15% ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 5% ์ด๋‚ด ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ ์•ฝ 15%๋ฅผ ์ „ํ›„ํ•ด์„œ ์ง๊ฒฝ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ ์ง๊ฒฝ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถฉ ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ ํ™•๋ณด์— ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ ์šฐ ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ ์„ ์ • ์‹œ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ’ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 9

Effect of Wire Diameter

JKSMI-23-147_F9.jpg

4.2 ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

Fig. 10์—๋Š” ์•ž์„  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งจ๋“œ ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋น„์œจ(Fa/Fm, %)์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์ด 3.5%, 9%, 15%, 21%์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ถ”์„ธ์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ ๊ธฐ๋Š” โ€“0.0004, -0.0004, 0.0017, 0.0016์œผ๋กœ Fig. 9์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋ณด ๋‹ค๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด 14.7mm์—์„œ 34.9mm๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ 5% ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ๋ณ€๋™ํญ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋งจ๋“œ ๋Ÿด์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 2์žฅ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ถ„์„๋‚ด์šฉ, 4.1์žฅ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Tadolini et al. (2016)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ญํ•™์  ๊ฑฐ๋™์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์™€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์„ ์— ๋…ธ์น˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์†์ƒ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์‘๋ ฅ์ง‘์ค‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์˜ ๊ฐ•์„  ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ฐจ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์„ธํŒ… ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ISO (2010)์— ๊ทœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ํญ์ด ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด, ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋„ ์™€ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด ์„ธํŒ…์„ ์žฌ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์กฐ์ •์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 10

Effect of Mandrel Diameter

JKSMI-23-147_F10.jpg

4.3 ๊ฐ•์žฌ ๊ฐ„ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

Fig. 11์—๋Š” ์•ž์„  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์„  ๊ณผ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋น„์œจ(Fa/Fm, %)์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์ด 3.5%, 9%, 15%, 21%์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ถ”์„ธ์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๋Š” โ€“0.0055, -0.0494, 0.0891, 0.0809๋กœ ์•ž์„  Figs. 9์™€ 10 ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ฐ•์„  ์ง๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ˆ˜์ค€๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 1/20~1/30 ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ž‘๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 11์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์•ฝ 2% ์ด๋‚ด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ณผ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 11

Effect of Friction Coefficient

JKSMI-23-147_F11.jpg

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ ์„ ๊ผฌ์•„์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ์ฒด ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Fig. 12์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธก์„ ์ด ์‹ฌ์„ ์„ ์ž˜ ๊ตฌ์†ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์†์‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์„  ์‚ฌ ์ด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ด ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฐ•์„  ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ผ์ฒด๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํœจ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋‚ด ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์œจ ์ ํ•ฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํœจ์‘๋ ฅ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํœจ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ํœจ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 12

Confinement Stress Acting the Center Wire under Tension (Kim et al., 2014)

JKSMI-23-147_F12.jpg

์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด Kim and Yang (2018)์˜ FEM ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ(Fig. 13)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ (7-wire strand)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ•ด์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๊ผฌ์ž„ ํ˜•์ƒ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ณผ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์€ ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ณผ ์ธก์„ ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5.35mm ์™€ 5.23mm๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„  ๊ผฌ์ž„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 190m, 220mm, 250mm, 280mm์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์žฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 0.1์—์„œ 0.5๊นŒ์ง€ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ์€ 21%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 13

Finite Element Model for Strand Analysis (Kim and Yang, 2018)

JKSMI-23-147_F13.jpg

์•ž์„  ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ณผ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, Fig. 14์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0.1์—์„œ 0.3์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ 4~5% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0.1์—์„œ 0.5๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ 5~7% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์˜ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜ ๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์„  ๊ฐ„ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋กœ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ•์„ ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ฒด ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์•ˆ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 14

Effect of Friction Coefficient for 7-Wire Strand

JKSMI-23-147_F14.jpg

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์žฅ๊ณผ ํœจ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ• ์„ ์˜ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ, ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง ๊ฒฝ, ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์„  ์‚ฌ์ด ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 600์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

  • (1) ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ํฐ ์‘๋ ฅ ์ง‘์ค‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ•์„  ์ง๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๊ฐ•์„  ์—ฐ์‹  ์œจ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์„ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ์‹ ์œจ ํ™• ๋ณด์— ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์‹œ ์ ์ •๊ฐ’๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ•์„  ์ง๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

  • (2) ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ 5% ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜ ์‹œ ISO 15630-3 (2010)์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด ์ง๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค.

  • (3) ๋งจ๋“œ๋Ÿด๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์„  ์‚ฌ์ด ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์„  ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ 2% ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ•์„ ์„ ๊ผฌ์•„์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ตด์ ˆ ์ธ์žฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋†’์€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์™ธ์ธก ๊ฐ•์„ ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด์ธก ๊ฐ•์„  ๊ตฌ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํœจ๊ฐ•์„ฑ ์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์˜ ๊ตด์ ˆ์ธ์žฅ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์„  ๊ฐ„ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

 ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€/๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์› ๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์ง€์›(13๊ฑด์„ค๊ธฐ์ˆ A01)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

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