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Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute

J Korea Inst. Struct. Maint. Insp.
  • Indexed by
  • Korea Citation Index (KCI)

  1. ์ •ํšŒ์›,๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์‹œํ‹ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ํ•™์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •
  2. ์ •ํšŒ์›,๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์‹œํ‹ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์ •๊ต์ˆ˜
  3. ์ •ํšŒ์›,๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์‹œํ‹ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์กฐ๊ต์ˆ˜
  4. ์ •ํšŒ์›,๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •



์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ, ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„, ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, ์•ต์ปค ๋งค์ž… ๊นŠ์ด
Masonry walls, Pullout strength, Long-rawlplug screw anchor, Concrete compressive strength, Anchor embedded length

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

2017๋…„ 11์›” 15์ผ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ถ๋„ ํฌํ•ญ์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ง€์ง„์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์ง€์ง„์— ์ด์–ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ญ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค(Kim, 2017). ํฌํ•ญ์ง€์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๋ช…ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋‚ด์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ KDS 2019(2019)์—์„œ ๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฌด ๋‚ด์ง„์„ค๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์น˜์žฅ๋ฒฝ์€ ์•ต์ปค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ฒ ๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ๋‚ด์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ•๋œ๋‹ค. KDS 2019(2019)์—์„œ ์น˜์žฅ๋ฒฝ๋Œ ์ง€์ง€์•ต์ปค๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ 800 mm์ดํ•˜, ์ˆ˜์ง ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ 600 mm์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์น˜์žฅ๋ฒฝ๋Œ๋ฒฝ์ฒด 0.25 m2๋‹น 1๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 1kN์ด์ƒ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํƒ€์„ค ์ „ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ์„ค์น˜ ์•ต์ปค์™€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ™” ํ›„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›„์„ค์น˜ ์•ต์ปค๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์„ค์น˜ ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ํ—ค๋“œ๋ณผํŠธ, ํ—ค๋“œ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“œ ๋ฐ ๊ฐˆ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ๋ณผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ›„์„ค์น˜ ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ์–ธ๋”์ปท์•ต์ปค ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‹์•ต์ปค ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค(KDS 14 20 54, 2016). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ ์„ค์น˜ ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํƒ€์„ค ์ „์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ณต์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ฒฝํ™” ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ํ›„์„ค์น˜ ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต์˜ ์ •๋ฐ€์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Hur et al., 2021). ํ›„์„ค์น˜์•ต์ปค ์ค‘ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ์•ต์ปค์™€ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‹ ์•ต์ปค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ Fig. 1(a) ๋ฐ (b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜์„ ์•ต์ปค ๋ฐ ์ „์‚ฐ๋ณผํŠธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ์ง€์ง€์ฒด์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋‚ธ ๋’ค ์•ต์ปค๋งŒ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๊ณ , ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‹ ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ํญ์‹œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค(Fig. 1(c)). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋‚˜์„ ์•ต์ปค ๋ฐ ์ „์‚ฐ๋ณผํŠธ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์žฌ์งˆ, ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์•ต์ปค ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š” ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค.

Lorenzo et al. (2014)์€ ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋กœ๋“œ์•ต์ปค, ์œ ๋ฆฌ์„ฌ์œ  ๋กœ๋“œ์•ต์ปค ๋ฐ ์„ํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ต์ปค์ธ๋ฐœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋กœ๋“œ์•ต์ปค ๋ฐ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์„ฌ์œ  ๋กœ๋“œ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.33 N/mm2 ๋ฐ 0.64 N/mm2์œผ๋กœ 2๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Al-Sabah et al. (2021)์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šคํฌ๋ฅ˜์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋งค์ž…๊นŠ์ด์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์˜ ์ง€๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์Šคํฌ๋ฅ˜์•ต์ปค์˜ ์ธ๋ฐœ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋งค์ž…๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ง€๋ฆ„์ด 8 mm์ธ ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์˜ ์ง€๋ฆ„์ด 9 mm์—์„œ 9.5 mm๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 50 % ์ดํ•˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Moreira et al. (2014)๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋‚˜์„ ์•ต์ปค ์ธ๋ฐœ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์ฒœ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์˜ ์ง€๋ฆ„์€ 4 mm์™€ 6 mm๋กœ ์ง€๋ฆ„์ด 8 mm์ธ ์•ต์ปค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด๋จธ๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ต์ปค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์— ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฆ„์ด 8 mm์ธ ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์˜ ์ง€๋ฆ„์ด 6 mm์—์„œ 4 mm๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‘๋ ฅ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 3๋ฐฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜• ์•ต์ปค๋ณด๊ฐ• ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณต์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ ์€ ์™ธ๊ด€์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ๋‚ด์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ•์— ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ต์ปค๊ตฌ๋ฉ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์‹์•ต์ปค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฐ• ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ํญ์‹œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œ๊ณต์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  KDS 2019(2019)์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”์น˜์žฅ๋ฒฝ๋Œ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ต์ปค๋กœ์„œ ๊ธด ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋”” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์ข๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ธ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค(Fig. 2). ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋‚˜์„ ์•ต์ปค์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ตฌ๋ฉ ์˜ค์ฐจ์—๋„ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ํญ์‹œ ๋“ฑ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ์— ์‹œ๊ณต์„ฑ๋„ ์ข‹๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ, ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„-๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์•ต์ปค ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๋งค์ž…๊นŠ์ด์™€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1 Post-installed anchor
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2021.25.6.84/fig1.png
Fig. 2 Rawlplug anchor
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2021.25.6.84/fig2.png

2. ์•ต์ปค์ธ๋ฐœ์‹คํ—˜

2.1 ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค

์•ต์ปค ์ธ๋ฐœ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค ์ƒ์„ธ๋Š” Fig. 2(c)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ๊ธด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ(long rawlplug)์™€ ๊ธด ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ณผํŠธ(long screw rod)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด 250 mm์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ชธ์ฒด ์ง๊ฒฝ์€ 8 mm ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ ํ•œ์ชฝ ์„ ๋‹จ ๋์—๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด 60 mm, ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด 3 mm์ธ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ดํ˜•๋Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณจ์ง€๋ฆ„์€ 8 mm์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ง€๋ฆ„์€ 9 mm์ด๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ ์ œ์ž‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€ ํด๋ฆฌ์—ผํ™”๋น„๋‹(PVC)์ด๋ฉฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒํŠน์„ฑ์€ Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์— ์‚ฝ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ธด ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ณผํŠธ(long screw rod)์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” 250 mm์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ชธ์ฒด์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์€ 4.7 mm์ด๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋์— ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ณจ์ง€๋ฆ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ง€๋ฆ„์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 4.7 mm ๋ฐ 5 mm์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธด ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ณผํŠธ(long screw rod)์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” ์‹ญ์ž ํ™€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ(long rawlplug)์— ๊ธด ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ณผํŠธ(long screw rod)์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ง€๋ฆ„์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ 13 mm๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ์ดํ˜•๋Œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฒœ๊ณต๋œ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด์™€ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ˜•๋Œ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๊ฐ„ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฝ‘ํž˜ํ•˜์ค‘์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 1 The mechanical properties of the PVC

Type

Density

(g/cm$^{2}$)

Tensile strength

(MPa)

Elongation at braek

(%)

Modulus of elasticity

(MPa)

PVC

1.45

26.6

167.21

197.11

2.2 ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš

์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์ผ๋žŒ์€ Table 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ๋ช…์—์„œ 18 ๋ฐ 27์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„, 60 ๋ฐ 110์€ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋งค์ž…๊นŠ์ด์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ๋ช… ๋ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์—ฐ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 18-60-1์€ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๋ฅผ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ 18 MPa ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์— 60 mm๋กœ ๋งค์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹คํ—˜์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ์ธ๋ฐœ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ 150 ร— 150 ร— 150 mm3์ธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด 8๊ฐœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ๊ฑฐํ‘ธ์ง‘์— ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ฒ ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 3). ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์™€ LVDT(50 mm)๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘๊ป˜ 3 mm ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ฒ ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ 60 mm, 110 mm๋กœ 18 MPa, 27 MPa์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2๊ฐœ์”ฉ ์ฒœ๊ณตํ•œ ๋’ค ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์ถฉ์ „ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธด ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ณผํŠธ(long screw rod)์™€ ๊ธด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ(long rawlplug)๋ฅผ ์ผ์ฒดํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋™์‹œ์— ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 3 Concrete specimen
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2021.25.6.84/fig3.png
Table 2 Details of concrete specimens

No.

Specimens

$f_{ck}$

(MPa)

$l_{d}$

(mm)

d

(mm)

$A_{b}$

(mm$^{2}$)

1

18-60-1

18

60

8

1507

2

18-60-2

3

18-110-1

110

2763

4

18-110-2

5

27-60-1

27

60

8

1507

6

27-60-2

7

27-110-1

110

2763

8

27-110-2

Note] $f_{ck}$ = designed compressive strength of concrete, $l_{d}$ = bond length , d = anchor diameter, and $A_{b}$($=\pi dl_{d}$) = bond area.

2.3 ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ํŠน์„ฑ

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์€ Table 3์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ค๊ณ„ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 18 MPa๊ณผ 27 MPa์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตต์€ ๊ณจ์žฌ๋Š” 10 ~ 20 mm๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž”๊ณจ์žฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ-์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋น„๋Š” 59%์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋‹ค์ง์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ•๋„๋งˆ๋‹ค 0.5 % ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹œํ—˜์šฉ ๊ณต์‹œ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฐฉ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํƒ€์„คํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,๎‚ฑ$\varnothing$100 ร— 200 mm ๊ณต์‹œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 3 Mix proprtions of concrete mixtures

Type

$f_{ck}$

(MPa)

$W / C$

(%)

$S /A$

(%)

Unit weight (kg/m$^{3}$)

AE (%)

W

C

S

G

OPC-18

18

58.9

51.1

171

290

925

884

0.5

OPC-27

27

43.0

47.3

179

416

797

887

0.5

Note] $f_{ck}$ = designed compressive strength of concrete, $W / C$ = water-to-binder weight, $S /A$ = fine aggregateโ€“toโ€“total aggregate ratio by volume, W = water, C = ordinary portland cement, S = sand, G = gravel, and AE = air entraining and water reducing agent.

2.4 ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • ์ƒ์„ธ

์™„์„ฑ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋ฅผ UTM ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „ UTM์œ„์— ๋กœ๋“œ์…€์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 4(a)). ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ์œ„์—๋Š” LVDT(50 mm)๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ฒ ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ UTM์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 4(b)). ์ด๋•Œ UTM ํ•˜์ค‘ ์žฌํ•˜์†๋„๋Š” 1 mm/min๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ฒ ํŒ์„ ์Œ“์•„์˜ฌ๋ ค ํŽธ์‹ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 4 Anchor test set-up (pull-out)
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2021.25.6.84/fig4.png

3. ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

3.1 ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 5๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ•๋„($f_{ck}$) 18 MPa, 27 MPa์˜ 28์ผ ์‘๋ ฅ-๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ณต์‹œ์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ($f_{_{-}cm}$), ์ตœ๋Œ€์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ฐ’($\epsilon_{c}$), ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณ„์ˆ˜($E_{c}$), ์ชผ๊ฐฌ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„($f_{sp}$)๋ฅผ Table 4์— ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 18 MPa์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ ๊ณต์‹œ์ฒด์˜ $f_{_{-}cm}$์ด 24.1 MPa, 22.5 MPa, 21.5 MPa์ด ๋‚˜์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, $\epsilon_{c}$์€ 0.0025, 0.0023, 0.0024๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. $f_{_{-}cm}$์€ ํ‰๊ท  22.7 MPa์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ $\epsilon_{c}$์ด 0.0024์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 27 MPa์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ $f_{_{-}cm}$์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ด 31.4 MPa์ผ ๋•Œ $\epsilon_{c}$์ด 0.0029์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5 Stress-strain curve of concrete
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2021.25.6.84/fig5.png
Table 4 Mechanical properties of concrete specimens

$f_{ck}$

(MPa)

No.

$f_{_{-}cm}$

(MPa)

$\epsilon_{c}$

$E_{c}$

(MPa)

$f_{sp}$

(MPa)

18

1

24.1

0.0025

19,195

1.31

2

22.5

0.0023

18,624

1.27

3

21.5

0.0024

18,167

-

Ave

22.7

0.0024

18.372

1.29

27

1

32.6

0.0028

23,866

3.16

2

31.2

0.0028

22,983

2.45

3

30.5

0.0030

21,113

-

Ave

31.4

0.0029

22,654

2.81

Note] $f_{ck}$ = designed compressive strength of concrete, $f_{_{-}cm}$ = measured compressive strength of concrete, $\epsilon_{c}$ = strains at the peak stress, $E_{c}$ = measured elastic modulus, and $f_{sp}$ = split tensile strength.

3.2 ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€

Table 5๋Š” ๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„($P_{\max}$), ์Šฌ๋ฆฝ๋Ÿ‰($\triangle_{peak}$)๊ณผ ํŒŒ๊ดด์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด์œ ํ˜•์€ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜ํŒŒ๊ดด(pullout failure)์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก์— ํฐ ์†์ƒ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค ์ธ๋ฐœ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, $l_{d}$๊ฐ€ 60 mm์ด๊ณ  $f_{ck}$๊ฐ€ 18 MPa์ผ ๋•Œ ํ‰๊ท  $P_{\max}$ ๋Š” 4.3 kN์ด๋‹ค. $l_{d}$๊ฐ€ 60 mm์ด๊ณ  $f_{ck}$๊ฐ€ 27 MPa ์ผ ๋•Œ ํ‰๊ท  $P_{\max}$๋Š” 5.1 kN์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ $l_{d}$๊ฐ€ 110 mm์ด๊ณ  $f_{ck}$๊ฐ€ 18 MPa์ผ ๋•Œ ํ‰๊ท  $P_{\max}$ ๋Š” 3.95 kN์ด๋‹ค. $l_{d}$๊ฐ€ 110 mm์ด๊ณ  $f_{ck}$๊ฐ€ 27 MPa ์ผ ๋•Œ ํ‰๊ท  $P_{\max}$๋Š” 5.6 kN์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ $f_{ck}$๊ฐ€ 27 MPa์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 18 MPa์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„์ด ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Table 5 Summary of measured pullout strength-slip curves of rawlplug anchor

No.

Specimens

Test result

$P_{\max}$

(kN)

$\triangle_{peak}$

(mm)

Failure

mode

1

18-60-1

4.2

0.673

PF

2

18-60-2

4.4

0.342

PF

Ave

4.3

0.508

PF

3

18-110-1

4.3

0.443

PF

4

18-110-2

3.6

0.418

PF

Ave

3.95

0.431

PF

5

27-60-1

5.4

0.487

PF

6

27-60-2

4.8

0.576

PF

Ave

5.1

0.532

PF

7

27-110-1

4.9

0.414

PF

8

27-110-2

6.3

0.582

PF

Ave

5.6

0.498

PF

Note] $P_{\max}$ = peak pullout strength, $\triangle_{peak}$ = displacement at peak, and PF : Pullout failure

์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์˜ $l_{d}$๊ฐ€ 60 mm, 110 mm์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„-๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ Fig. 6์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ $f_{ck}$๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง์„ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ $P_{\max}$๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 18 MPa ๋ฐ 27 MPa์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 9.36 MPa/mm ๋ฐ 10.52 MPa/mm๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ $f_{ck}$๊ฐ€ 18 MPa์—์„œ 27 MPa๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6 Comparison of pullout strength according to embedded length
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2021.25.6.84/fig6.png

3.3 ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋งค์ž…๊นŠ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„

๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ $f_{ck}$๊ฐ€ 18 MPa์ด๊ณ  $l_{d}$๊ฐ€ 60 mm์ผ ๋•Œ ํ‰๊ท  $P_{\max}$ ๋Š” 4.3 kN์ด๋‹ค. $f_{ck}$๊ฐ€ 18 MPa์ด๊ณ  $l_{d}$๊ฐ€ 110 mm ์ผ ๋•Œ ํ‰๊ท  $P_{\max}$๋Š” 3.95 kN์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ $f_{ck}$๊ฐ€ 27 MPa์ด๊ณ  $l_{d}$๊ฐ€ 60 mm์ผ ๋•Œ ํ‰๊ท  $P_{\max}$ ๋Š” 5.1 kN์ด๋‹ค. $f_{ck}$๊ฐ€ 27 MPa์ด๊ณ  $l_{d}$๊ฐ€ 110 mm ์ผ ๋•Œ ํ‰๊ท  $P_{\max}$๋Š” 5.6 kN์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ $l_{d}$๋Š” ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ธธ์ด์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์˜ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์˜ $f_{ck}$๊ฐ€ 18 MPa ๋ฐ 27 MPa์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„-๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ Fig. 7์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. $f_{ck}$์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 60 mm ๋ฐ 110 mm๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 9.63 MPa/mm ๋ฐ 10.24 MPa/mm๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ $l_{d}$๊ฐ€ 60 mm์—์„œ110 mm๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7 Comparison of pullout strength according to concrete compressive strength
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2021.25.6.84/fig7.png

3.4 ๊ธฐ์กด ์•ต์ปค์™€์˜ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„-๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 8์€ Al-Sabah et al. (2021)์˜ ์Šคํฌ๋ฅ˜ ์•ต์ปค, Moreira et al. (2014)์˜ ๋‚˜์„ ์•ต์ปค์™€ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„-๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. Al-Sabah et al. (2021)๊ณผ Moreira et al. (2014)์˜ ์•ต์ปค์ธ๋ฐœ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์ธก์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ ฅ์ธก ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ์Šฌ๋ฆฝ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์•ต์ปค๋“ค์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์Šฌ๋ฆฝ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์„ ์•ต์ปค๋‚˜ ์Šคํฌ๋ฅ˜์•ต์ปค์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์Šฌ๋ฆฝ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8 Pullout strength-slip curve of rawlplug and twisted anchor
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2021.25.6.84/fig8.png

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์น˜์žฅ์กฐ์ ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๋‚ด์ง„ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๋ฐœ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐ ๋งค์ž…๊นŠ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.

1) ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋งค์ž…๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ 18 MPa, 27 MPa๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์•ต์ปค์ธ๋ฐœ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2) ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์••์ถ•๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋งค์ž…๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ 60 mm, 110 mm๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ค์„œ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ๋งค์ž…๊นŠ์ด์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์Šฌ๋ฆฝ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํžˆ๋‹ค. ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ๋˜๋Š” ์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์˜ ์ดํ˜•๋Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์ž‘์šฉ์‹œ์ผœ ์ธ๋ฐœ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์ž…๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

3) ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋งค์ž…๊นŠ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”์ธ์ž์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Š˜์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

4) ๋‚˜์„ ์•ต์ปค, ์Šคํฌ๋ฅ˜์•ต์ปค, ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„-๋ณ€์œ„ ๋น„๊ต ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์•ต์ปค์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋ฐœํ˜„์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ฆฝ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณด๊ฐ• ์ฒ ๋ฌผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์Šฌ๋ฆฝ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด ์นผ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์•ต์ปค์˜ ๋ฝ‘ํž˜๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์•ต์ปค์ธ๋ฐœ์‹คํ—˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋…ธํ›„ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €๊ฐ•๋„์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์•ต์ปค์ธ๋ฐœ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2021๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€(ํ–‰์ •์•ˆ์ „๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ์žฌ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์žฌ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ : No. 2021- MOIS32- 042-01010100-2021)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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