Mobile QR Code QR CODE

Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute

J Korea Inst. Struct. Maint. Insp.
  • Indexed by
  • Korea Citation Index (KCI)

  1. ์ •ํšŒ์›,์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๋ฐฉ์žฌ์•ˆ์ „์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›
  2. ์ •ํšŒ์›,์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์‹œ๋ฐฉ์žฌ์•ˆ์ „์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›
  3. ์ •ํšŒ์›,์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐฉ์žฌ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ต์ˆ˜
  4. ์ •ํšŒ์›,์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐฉ์žฌ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ต์ˆ˜, ๊ต์‹ ์ €์ž



๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ, ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ
Road tunnel, Evacuation exit, Fire simulation, Egress simulation, Fire safety

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ์˜ ์•ฝ 70%๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์œ ํ†ต ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ณ ์†๊ตญ๋„ ์ƒ์˜ ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์€ 2020๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 1055๊ฐœ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ ์—ฐ์žฅ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ด 2๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ์ด์ƒ์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” 1,000m ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ„ฐ๋„์€ 270๊ฐœ์†Œ๋กœ ์•ฝ 26%์˜ ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Korea Expressway Corporation, 2020). ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์šด์ „์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ „๋ฐฉ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„๊ต์  ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 2(a)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ„ฐ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” 2017๋…„์— 159๊ฑด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2021๋…„์—๋Š” 328๊ฑด์˜ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Fig. 2(b)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ํฐ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ„ฐ๋„์—์„œ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋„๋กœ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜์‚ฌ์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. Fig. 2(c)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ„ฐ๋„ ๋‚ด ํ™”์žฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์—์„œ ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์œ ๋…๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๋ช…ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Choi, 2023).

์ตœ๊ทผ ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Min et al.(2005)์€ ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํŠธ๋Ÿญํ™”์žฌ(30MW)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ 200m๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Kim et al.(2015)์€ ํ„ฐ๋„ ํ™”์žฌ ์‹œ ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Lee et al.(2016)์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์žฌ์‹œ์„ค ์„ค์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ํ„ฐ๋„ ํ™”์žฌ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋™์ด ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Wang et al.(2023)์€ Chengkai ํ„ฐ๋„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Choi, 2023; Darkhanbat et al., 2021). ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ํ™”์žฌ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ ํญ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋น„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋‚œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”ผ๋‚œ ์•ˆ์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1 Ratio by length of domestic road tunnels (Korea Expressway Corporation, 2020)
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig1.png
Fig. 2 Traffic accidents in tunnels(Choi, 2023)
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig2.png

2. ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์š”

2.1 ์ธ๋ช…์•ˆ์ „๊ธฐ์ค€

ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋Š” ์—ด, ๋…์„ฑ๊ฐ€์Šค, ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ NFPA([9]National Fire Protection Association) (2018)์—์„œ๋Š” Table 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ๋ช…์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Table 1์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ธ๋ช…์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํ„ฐ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋‚œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 1 Tenability criteria (NFPA, 2018)

Physical property

Performance criteria

Temperature limit

Less than 60โ„ƒ

Allowable visibility

More than 5m

Allowable

toxicity limit

CO

Less than 1,400ppm

O2

More than 15%

CO2

Less than 5%

2.2 ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„(Available Safe Egress Time, ASET)์€ ํŠน์ • ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์ธ๋ช…์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„(Required Safe Egress Time, RSET)์€ ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.3 ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Œ€์ƒ

Fig. 3์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ„ฐ๋„์€ ์ผ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ 2์ฐจ์„ ์ด๊ณ  ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ ํ„ฐ๋„๋กœ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ„ฐ๋„์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” 1,000m, ๋†’์ด๋Š” 6m, ํญ์€ 9.6m๋กœ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 3 Detail of prototype tunnel
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig3.png

3. ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋‚œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐœ์š”

3.1 ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐœ์š”

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(National Institue of Standards and Technology, NIST)์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 1100์ดˆ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 20โ„ƒ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์ œ์—ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์—ฐ ์‹œ์„ค์€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Table 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์†Œํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—ด๋ฐฉ์ถœ์œจ์ธ 20MW, ๋ฒ„์Šค์™€ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ด ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฐ์†Œํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—ด๋ฐฉ์ถœ์œจ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 50MW, ํƒฑํฌ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 100MW๋กœ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, 2021). ํ™”์žฌ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์˜ ๋„๋กœ์„ค๊ณ„ํŽธ๋žŒ ํ„ฐ๋„ํŽธ์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 4์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด๋ฐฉ์ถœ์œจ์€ 450์ดˆ๋™์•ˆ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—ด๋ฐฉ์ถœ์œจ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ์ดํ›„์— 650์ดˆ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, 2023).

Table 2 Design fire size(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, 2021)

Vehicle types

Passenger car

Bus

Truck

Tanker

Fire size

(MW)

less than 5

20

30

More than 100

Fig. 4 Fire growth rate of each parameter(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, 2023)
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig4.png

์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋Š” Polyurethane GM27๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Fig. 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ™”์›์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์œ„์น˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋Š” SFPE(Society of Fire Protection Engineers handbook)(2016)์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ฉ”์‰ฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” FDS Userโ€™s guide(2013)์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์‹ (1) ๋ฐ ์‹ (2)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(1)
$D^{*}=\left(\dfrac{\dot{Q}}{\rho_{\infty}c_{p}T_{\infty}\sqrt{g}}\right)^{2/5}$
(2)
$4\le D^{*}/dx\le 16$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $\dot{Q}$๋Š” ์—ด๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋ฅ (kW), $\rho_{\infty}$๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„(1.204kg/m3), $c_{p}$๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„์—ด(1.005kJ/kg-K), $T_{\infty}$๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜จ๋„(293K), $g$๋Š” ์ค‘๋ ฅ๊ฐ€์†๋„(9.81m/s2), $D^{*}$๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ ํ™”์žฌ ์ง๊ฒฝ(m), $dx$๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ(m)๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. FDS Userโ€™s guide (2013)์—์„œ๋Š” $D^{*}/dx$๋ฅผ 4 ์ด์ƒ, 16 ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Table 3์—๋Š” ํ™”์›์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ •๋œ ํ™”์žฌํŠน์„ฑ์ง๊ฒฝ n($D^{*}/dx$)๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Fig. 5์—๋Š” 50MW ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 1.0m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 0.5m, 0.75m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 0.5m, 0.75m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 0.5m๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 5 Results of mesh suitability check
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig5.png
Table 3 Fire characteristic diameter based on heat release rate and mesh size according to n (D*/dx)

20MW

50MW

100MW

D*

3.2m

4.6m

6.1m

n (D*/dx)

20MW

50MW

100MW

4

0.80m

1.15m

1.53m

6

0.53m

0.77m

1.02m

8

0.40m

0.58m

0.76m

10

0.32m

0.46m

0.61m

12

0.27m

0.38m

0.51m

14

0.23m

0.33m

0.44m

16

0.20m

0.29m

0.38m

3.2 ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐœ์š”

Fig. 6๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ Pathfinder ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, Pathfinder๋Š” ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”ผ๋‚œ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋‚œ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋„๋กœ์„ค๊ณ„ํŽธ๋žŒ(ํ„ฐ๋„ํŽธ)์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ 60์ดˆ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 6 Modelling of evacuation simulation
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig6.png
Fig. 7 Proportion of vehicle types in tunnel(Korea Expressway Corporation, 2022)
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig7.png

ํ„ฐ๋„ ๋‚ด ์ด์šฉ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ Korea Expressway Corporation(2022)์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Fig. 7์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น„์œจ์€ ์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ์•ฝ 85.2%, ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ๋Š” ์•ฝ 13.5%, ๋ฒ„์Šค๋Š” 1.3%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(Korea Expressway Corporation, 2022). ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ ๋„๋กœ์„ค๊ณ„ํŽธ๋žŒ(ํ„ฐ๋„ํŽธ)์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์‹ (3)์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(m), ๋Š” ์ •์ฒด ์‹œ ๋ฐ€๋„(pc/kmยทlane), ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ธธ์ด(m)๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„๋กœ์„ค๊ณ„ํŽธ๋žŒ(ํ„ฐ๋„ํŽธ)์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ฒด ์‹œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ 150 ์ด์ƒ, 165 ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ 2m๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(3)
$GL_{TH}=\dfrac{1000}{D_{0}}-CL_{PC}$

Table 4 ๋ฐ 5์—๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ๊ธธ์ด, ํ„ฐ๋„ ๋‚ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ฐจ์ธ์›์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„ ์žฌ์ฐจ์ธ์›์€ ์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ๋Š” 4๋ช…, ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ๋Š” 1๋ช…, ๋ฒ„์Šค๋Š” 40๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ฐจ์ธ์›์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๋น„์œจ์€ โ€˜2022 ์ธ๊ตฌ์ด์กฐ์‚ฌโ€™(ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ)์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์žฌ์ฐจ์ธ์›์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, Table 5์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 1km ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ํ„ฐ๋„์— 1104๋ช…์˜ ์žฌ์ฐจ์ธ์›์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋“ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด 300m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 332๋ช…, 250m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 276๋ช…, 200m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 221๋ช…, 150m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 166๋ช…, 100m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 111๋ช…์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 4 Vehicle length and inter-vehicle spacing

Vehicle length

Inter-vehicle spacing

Passenger car

Bus

Truck

4.34m

10.77m

11.28m

2m

Table 5 Number of vehicles by type and occupancy within the tunnel

Number of vehicles

Number of

occupancy

Passenger car

Bus

Truck

232

4

16

1104

๋˜ํ•œ, ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๋ณดํ–‰์†๋„๋Š” Satoh et al.(2006)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ Table 6์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ 100m๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 300m๊นŒ์ง€ 50m ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์€ 0.8m๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1.6m๊นŒ์ง€ 0.2m ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 25๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 6 Walking speed by age group

Walking speed [m/s]

15~49

1.11

50~64

0.94

65~74

0.78

More than 75

0.7

4. ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋‚œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

4.1 ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 8์—๋Š” ํ™”์žฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 20MW์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ํ™”์žฌ์ง€์†์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 20MW์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ™”์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 125m ์œ„์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด 130์ดˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 250m ์œ„์น˜๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” 255์ดˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 50MW์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 125m ์œ„์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ 100์ดˆ, 250m ์œ„์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ 195์ดˆ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 100MW์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 125m ์œ„์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ 84์ดˆ, 250m ์œ„์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ 164์ดˆ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 9, 10 ๋ฐ 11์—๋Š” ๊ฐ ํ™”์žฌ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™”์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ํ™”์žฌ์ง€์†์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ์˜จ๋„, ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰ ์ ์„ ์€ Table 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์ธ๋ช…์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰ ์ ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ฐจํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. 20MW ํ™”์žฌ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด 100m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 167์ดˆ, 200m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 255์ดˆ, 300m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 367์ดˆ, 400m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 488์ดˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 100m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ 536์ดˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 200m, 300m ๋ฐ 400m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๋ช…์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๋†๋„๋Š” ํ•ด์„์ข…๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๋ช…์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„ ๋‚ด ์žฌ์ฐจ์ธ์›์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ™•์‚ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Fig. 10 ๋ฐ 11์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 50MW ๋ฐ 100MW ํ™”์žฌ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 50MW ํ™”์žฌ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด 100m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 129์ดˆ, 200m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 196์ดˆ, 300m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 283์ดˆ, 400m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 407์ดˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 100MW ํ™”์žฌ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด 100m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 99์ดˆ, 200m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 155์ดˆ, 300m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 238์ดˆ, 400m ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 321์ดˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ 500์—ฌ์ดˆ ํ›„์— ์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 10% ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์†Œํ™”๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ์  ์ดํ›„ ์˜จ๋„, ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8 Smoke behavior in case of fire size 20MW
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig8.png
Fig. 9 Fire simulation results (fire size : 20MW)
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig9.png
Fig. 10 Fire simulation results (fire size : 50MW)
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig10.png
Fig. 11 Fire simulation results (fire size : 100MW)
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig11.png

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„ ํ™”์žฌ ์‹œ์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ , ํ™”์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ™”์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ Table 7์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 7 ASET determined from simulation results

                Fire size

Evacuation                 

exit spacing                 

20MW

50MW

100MW

100m

167s

129s

99s

200m

255s

196s

155s

300m

367s

283s

238s

400m

488s

407s

321s

4.2 ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 12์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 12(a)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€ 100m ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด 0.8m ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด 199์ดˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜คํ”„์…‹ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด 1.4m ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ์— ๋น„๊ต์  ์ ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด 1.4m ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ‘๋ชฉํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 12 Evacuation simulation results according to door width
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig12.png

4.3 ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™”์žฌํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 8์—๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด 1.4m์ด๊ณ , ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด 300m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ํ™”์›์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ™”์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™”์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ 300m ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ 100m, 150m, 200m, 250m์˜ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์œ„์น˜๋ณ„๋กœ ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋‚œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ ์ปคํ”Œ๋ง์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™”์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 100m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž ์ˆ˜๋Š” 18๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด 18๋ช…์€ ํ™”์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 300m๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์— ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ™”์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ 300m๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด 100m, 150m, 200m, 250m์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 13์—๋Š” ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 13(a)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 20MW ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด 0.8m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด 1.2m ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 13(b)์™€ (c)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 50MW ๋ฐ 100MW ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด 0.8m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด ์ž‘์•„ ๋ณ‘๋ชฉํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋‚œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ด๋™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ„ฐ๋„ ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๋™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์†๋„๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ๋„ ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ด๋™์†๋„์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น ๋ฆ„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ‘๋ชฉํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋ณ‘๋ชฉํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ ํญ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋˜๋ฉด ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ปค๋„ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 13 Evacuation safety evaluation according to fire size
../../Resources/ksm/jksmi.2024.28.4.28/fig13.png
Table 8 Comparison of available safe egress time (ASET) and required safe egress time (RSET) by distance

Width of the barrier door : 1.4m

Distance from the fire source

100m

150m

200m

250m

300m

RSET (sec)

121

157

193

230

279

Fire size : 20MW

Distance from the fire source

100m

150m

200m

250m

300m

ASET (sec)

167

201

255

314

367

Number of casualties

0

0

0

0

0

Fire size : 50MW

Distance from the fire source

100m

150m

200m

250m

300m

ASET (sec)

128

163

196

240

283

Number of casualties

0

0

0

0

0

Fire size : 100MW

Distance from the fire source

100m

150m

200m

250m

300m

ASET (sec)

105

134

159

195

238

Number of casualties

18

22

22

22

48

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

1. ํ™”์žฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ํ™”์žฌ์ง€์†์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ์˜จ๋„, ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ๋†๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„ ๋‚ด ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ™•์‚ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„ ํ™”์žฌ ์‹œ์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ , ํ™”์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

2. ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด 1.4m ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ‘๋ชฉํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ์— ๋น„๊ต์  ์ ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3. ํ”ผ๋‚œํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋„๋กœํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 20MW ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด 0.8m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด 1.2m ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

4. 50MW ๋ฐ 100MW ํ™”์žฌ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด 0.8m์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด ์ž‘์•„ ๋ณ‘๋ชฉํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ์˜ ํญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์†๋„๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ๋„ ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๋™์†์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณ‘๋ชฉํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ฌธ ํญ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ํฌ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2024๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๋ถ€, ํ–‰์ •์•ˆ์ „๋ถ€, ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€, ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐํšํ‰๊ฐ€์›์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(NO2020-0-00061, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณต๋™๊ตฌ ํ™”์žฌ์žฌ๋‚œ ์ง€์› ํ†ตํ•ฉํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ).

References

1 
Korea Expressway Corporation. (2020), Number of road tunnels by extension grade (in Korean).URL
2 
Choi, E. C. (2022), A Study on Improvement Plans for Driving Safety in Underground Roads (Master's thesis). Graduate School of Engineering, Kyonggi University (in Korean).URL
3 
Min, D. H., and Son, B. S. (2005), Numerical Simulation on the Heat Transfer and Smoke Flow Phenomena and Evacuation in the Road funnel Fires, Fire Science and Engineering, 19(1), 87-92 (in Korean).URL
4 
Kim, B. I., Kim, C. Y., and Kim, D. Y. (2015), Agent-Based Evacuation Simulations of Road Tunnels in the Event of a Fire, Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 35(5), 1157-1163 (in Korean).DOI
5 
Lee, K. H., Kim, K. S., and Kim, N. Y. (2016), Improvement of Fire Prevention Facilities in Road Tunnel, Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 174-175 (in Korean).URL
6 
Wang, K., Hu, J., Chen, R., and Wang, J. (2023), A Study on the Evacuation of an Extra-Long Highway Tunnel Fire - A Case Study of Chengkai Tunnel, Sustainability, 15(6), 4865.DOI
7 
Choi, S-H., Darkhanbat, K., Heo, I., and Kim, K. S. (2022), Egress Safety of Nursing Hospital Considering Egress Guides and Smoke Exhaust System, Journal of the Korea Institute for Structural Maintenance and Inspection, 26(3), 64-71 (in Korean).URL
8 
Darkhanbat, K., Heo, I., Choi, S-H., Kim, J-H., and Kim, K. S. (2021), Evaluation on Fire Available Safe Egress Time of Commercial Buildings based on Artificial Neural Network, Journal of the Korea Institute for Structural Maintenance and Inspection, 25(6), 111-120 (in Korean).DOI
9 
National Fire Protection Association. (2018), NFPA 101 Life Safety Code, Quincy, MA.URL
10 
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. (2021), Guidelines for Installation and Management of Road Tunnel Disaster Prevention and Ventilation Facilities (in Korean).URL
11 
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. (2023), Road Design Manual: Tunnel Section (in Korean).URL
12 
Korea Expressway Corporation. (2022), Highway traffic volume statistics (in Korean).URL
13 
Hurley, M. J. (2016), SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering, springer, NY.URL
14 
Mcgrattan, K., Mcdermott, R., Hostikka, S., and Floyd, J. (2013), Fire Dynamics Simulator Userโ€™s Guide, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce.URL