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  1. (Dept. of Development Team, Green Power, Korea.)



GaN FET, Inductive power transfer, ZVS, ZCS, Reverse recovery charge, Reverse recovery current

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ์šฉ ์ž๊ธฐ์œ ๋„๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ฌด์„ ์ถฉ์ „ (IPT, Inductive Power Transfer) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ SAE J2954 ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 80~90kHz์™€ 0.08~0.2๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค(1). ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฃผ์ฐจ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํŒจ๋“œ์˜ ๋ณ€์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹  ์ฝ”์ผ ๊ณต์ง„ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„์ ์ด ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„์  ๋ถ„๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ (Bifurcation)์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค(2-4).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ SP(Series-Parallel) ๋ณด์ƒํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ZVS ์˜์—ญ ๋™์ž‘์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ณต์ง„์  ๋ถ„๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ZVS ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ZCS ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ZCS ๋™์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก ํ’€๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์น˜์— ๊ณต์ง„ํšŒ๋กœ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํฐ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ MOSFET์˜ ๋ฐ”๋”” ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ๋‚ด ํฐ ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰ (Qrr)์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์น˜์— ์ค‘์ฒฉ๋˜์–ด ํšจ์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์—ดํญ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†Œ์ž ์†Œ์†์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(5-6).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ์ž๊ธฐ์œ ๋„๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ฌด์„ฑ์ถฉ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„

Fig. 1. Configuration of Inductive Power Transfer System

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1356/fig1.png

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 1์ฐจ์ธก ํ’€๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์œ„์ƒ์„ (ZPA, Zero Phase Angle) ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ZCS ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฒœ์ด์‹œ์ผœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(7-10). ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„ผ์‹ฑ ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ณด์ƒํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ SS, SP, PS, PP ๋ณด์ƒํšŒ๋กœ ์™ธ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งยท๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ LCCL-S, LCL-S ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(11-13). ๋ณด์ƒํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณต์ง„์  ๋ถ„๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์›๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์›์ธ์ธ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ MOSFET ๋ฐ”๋”” ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ Qrr์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ MOSFET์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด Qrr์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์™€์ด๋“œ ๋ฐด๋“œ๊ฐญ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด์ธ GaN FET์€ Qrr์ด 0์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ZVS-ZCS ์ฒœ์ด๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜(14-15), ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” xEV ๋ฌด์„ ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ IPT ์ถฉ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด GaN FET๋งŒ์„ ์ ์šฉ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณต์ง„์  ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ZVS-ZCS ์ฒœ์ด ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ZCS ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ GaN FET์˜ ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ MOSFET ๋ฐ”๋”” ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ Qrr์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ถ”์ด์™€ ๋™์ผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ GaN FET ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„์  ๋ถ„๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ ๋ฐ ZCS ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ„์ƒ ๊ณก์„ 

Fig. 2. Phase Curve according to Coupling Factor(5)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1356/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. SP ๋ณด์ƒํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ƒ์„ธ ํšŒ๋กœ๋„

Fig. 3. Detail circuit diagram with SP compensation circuit

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1356/fig3.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด SP ๋ณด์ƒํšŒ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ MOSFET์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ 1์ฐจ์ธก ๊ณต์ง„ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ์ฝ”์ผ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ์™€ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ์ „๋‹ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ MOSFET์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์น˜์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ด์Šค ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค์— ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์ „์••์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ„์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์•ž์„œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ZVS๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค์— ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ „์••์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ„์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋’ค์ณ์ ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ZCS๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ZVS ๋ฐ ZCS ๋™์ž‘๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋™์ž‘์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ฯ‰0์—์„œ ฯ‰S๋กœ ๊ณต์ง„์  ๋ถ„๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ZVS ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ • ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ZCS๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„์  ๋ถ„๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ์€ 1์ฐจ, 2์ฐจ Q-factor ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ SP ๋ณด์ƒํšŒ๋กœ์˜ 1์ฐจ์ธก Q-factor (QP)๋Š”,

(1)
$$Q_{P}=\dfrac{\omega_{0}L_{P}L_{S}^{2}}{M^{2}R_{ac}}$$

2์ฐจ์ธก Q-factor (QS)๋Š”,

(2)
$$Q_{S}=\dfrac{R_{ac}}{\omega_{0}L_{S}}$$

์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, 1์ฐจ ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ Q-factor์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‹ (3)์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋  ๊ณต์ง„์  ๋ถ„๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค.

(3)
$$Q_{P}<Q_{S}+\dfrac{1}{Q_{S}}$$

์ƒ๊ธฐ ์‹์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด,

(4)
$$k_{\lim}=\dfrac{\omega_{0}L_{S}}{R_{ac}}\sqrt{1/\left(1+(\dfrac{\omega_{0}L_{S}}{R_{ac}})^{2}\right)}$$

์ด ๋˜๊ณ , ๋งŒ์•ฝ $(\omega_{0}L_{S}/R_{ac})^{2}\ll 1$ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ณต์ง„์  ๋ถ„๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(5)
$$k_{\lim}=\dfrac{\omega_{0}L_{S}}{R_{ac}}$$

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ SP๋ณด์ƒํšŒ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ํ’€๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ์ธก ์Šค์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ MOSFET์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ZVS ๋ฐ ZCS ๋™์ž‘ ํŒŒํ˜•์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ZVS ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4(a)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด MOSFET์—์„œ ์—ญ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ„ด ์˜จ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์Šค์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ„ด ์˜คํ”„ ๋˜์–ด ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ZCS ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์˜์ „๋ฅ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ํ›„ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ„ด ์˜คํ”„ ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ญ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ MOSFET์ด ํ„ด ์˜คํ”„ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4(c)๋Š” ZCS ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ ํ’€๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Q1์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์Šค์œ„์น˜ Q2์™€ Q3๊ฐ€ ํ„ด ์˜คํ”„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ญ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ D2์™€ D3๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ”์ด์–ด์Šค ๋˜์–ด ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ›„ Q1๊ณผ Q4๊ฐ€ ํ„ด ์˜จ๋˜์–ด D2์™€ D3๊ฐ€ ํ„ด ์˜คํ”„๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ Peak Current๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Peak Current๋Š” SP ๋ณด์ƒํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 1์ฐจ์ธก ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋”ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ๋” ํฐ Peak Current๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. MOSFET์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 4. Voltage and current characteristics according to MOSFET switching

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1356/fig4.png

3. MOSFET vs GaN FET ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ํŠน์„ฑ ๋น„๊ต

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5(a)์™€ (b)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ MOSFET๊ณผ GaN FET์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. MOSFET์€ ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ pํ˜• ๊ธฐํŒ์œ„์— ๊ณ ๋†๋„๋กœ ๋„ํ•‘๋œ n์˜์—ญ๋“ค์ด ๋†“์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ ์ „์••์ด ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ pํ˜• ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด์™€ nํ˜• ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ-์†Œ์Šค ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ pn์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด MOSFET์— ์Œ์˜ ์ „์••์ด ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. GaN FET์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ AlGaN๊ณผ GaN epi ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ด์ข…์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ 2DEG (2 Dimensional Electron Gas)์ธต์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— MOSFET๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ built-in ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ MOSFET์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ„ด ์˜จ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฑ„๋„ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ํ„ด ์˜คํ”„ ๋  ๋•Œ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€๋งŒ, GaN FET์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ„ด ์˜จ ์‹œ์—๋Š” MOSFET๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ„ด ์˜คํ”„ ๋  ๋•Œ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฑ„๋„์ €ํ•ญ๋งŒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค(8-10).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. MOSFET๊ณผ GaN FET์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 5. Comparison of internal structure between MOSFET and GaN FET

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1356/fig5.png

์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด MOSFET๊ณผ GaN FET์˜ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋„ํ†ต ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6(a)์™€ (b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‹ค. MOSFET์— ์—ญ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6(a)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ”๋”” ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ”์ด์–ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด VGS=0V์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ V-I ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ„ด ์˜จ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ •๊ณต์ด n์ธต์— ์†Œ์ˆ˜์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ„ด ์˜จ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค. ํ„ด ์˜จ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ์–‘๋‹จ ์ „์••์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ˜์ „๋˜๋ฉด n์ธต์˜ ์ •๊ณต ์ฆ‰ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด๊ฐ€ p์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„ ์—ญ์ €์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์  ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ”์ด์–ด์Šค์ผ ๋•Œ ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฌดํ•œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹ค์ œ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋Š” ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ „์••๊ณผ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ „ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰ Q๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ”์ด์–ด์Šค ๋˜๋ฉด ์ €์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ „ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰ Q๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(11-13). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ GaN FET์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5(b)์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด GaN FET์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ ์ „์•• ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. GaN FET์˜ V-I Curve๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ„ด ์˜คํ”„ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ Negative ์ „์••์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ์Šค-๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „์••์ด Vth + VGS(off)๋ณด๋‹ค ํด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ํ†ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ์—ญ ๋ฐ”์ด์–ด์Šค ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ V-I ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณก์„ (14)

Fig. 6. V-I characteristic curve in reverse bias condition(14)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1356/fig6.png

4. ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Qrr์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ZCS ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด SIMetrix/SIMPLIS Simulation Tool์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, SIMetrix/SIMPLIS๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” PSIM์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ideal ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, SIMetrix/SIMPLIS๋Š” spice ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ํˆด๋กœ practicalํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด MOSFET๊ณผ GaN FET์— ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ข… ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ reverse recovery ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ด Tool์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ „์••์ •๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ™๊ณ  Qrr์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 3์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ MOSFET๊ณผ 1์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ GaN FET์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ MOSFET์˜ ์ƒ์„ธ ์‚ฌ์–‘์€ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต์ง„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 85kHz, ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ 82kHz๋กœ ZCS๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์•• 100Vdc ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๊ฐ MOSFET ๋ฐ GaN FET์˜ Qrr์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘

Table 1. Switch specifications used in the simulation

MOSFET#1

MOSFET#2

MOSFET#3

GaN FET#1

Model

IPA60R125C6

IPA60R190C6

IPA60R230P6

GS66058T

$V_{DS}$

650V

650V

650V

650V

Qrr

10uC

(IF=14.5A, di/dt=100A/us)

6.9uC

(IF=9.5A, di/dt=100A/us)

3.4uC

(IF=8A, di/dt=100A/us)

โ‰’0uC

trr

510ns

430ns

282ns

โ‰’0s

Ipeak

53A

61A

23A

2.1A

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7(a)-(c)๋Š” Qrr ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ MOSFET์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. Qrr์ด 10uC์ธ MOSFET1์˜ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์•ฝ 53A, Qrr์ด 6.9uC์ธ MOSFET2์˜ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ  61A, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Qrr์ด 3.4uC์ธ MOSFET3์˜ ํ”ผํฌ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ  23A ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ด๋Š” Qrr์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”ผํฌ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ MOSFET2๊ฐ€ MOSFET1์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ํฐ ํ”ผํฌ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋”” ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ ํ„ด-์˜คํ”„ ์ „์••, ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Qrr์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด GaN FET์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ MOSFET๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ MOSFET์˜ ์•ฝ 5~10% ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ 2.1A์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์€ ํ”ผํฌ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Qrr์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 7. Reverse recovery current in simulation

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1356/fig7.png

ํ‘œ 2. ์‹คํ—˜ ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ์ƒ์„ธ ์‚ฌ์–‘

Table 2. Detail specifications of switches used in the experiment

MOSFET#1

MOSFET#2

MOSFET#3

GaN FET#1

Model

IPA60R125C6

R6030ENZ1

FCH125N60E28

GS66058T

$V_{DS}$

600V

600V

600V

650V

ID

30A

30A

30A

30A

Qrr

10uC

15uC

6.5uC

โ‰’0uC

trr

510ns

660ns

376ns

โ‰’0s

Ipeak

30A

28A

21A

7A

์ด๋ก  ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•œ Qrr์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ZVS-ZCS ์ฒœ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2kW IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ”„๋กœํ†  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ MOSFET๊ณผ GaN FET์˜ ์ƒ์„ธ ์‚ฌ์–‘์€ ํ‘œ 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ „์•• ์ •๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–์œผ๋‚˜ Qrr์ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ MOSFET๊ณผ normally off ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ enhancement mode GaN FET์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์•• ์•ฝ 120Vdc ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ MOSFET ์†Œ์† ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ํ”ผํฌ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋น„๊ต ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ 100Vdc ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์•• ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด GaN FET์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ •์ƒ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8(a)๋Š” 1, 2์ฐจ์ธก ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8(b)๋Š” 1์ฐจ์ธก ํ’€๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. MOSFET์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 500W๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, GaN FET์„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” 2kW ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ •๊ฒฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. GaN FET ์ ์šฉ prototype ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์ฃผ์š” ํŒŒํ˜•

Fig. 8. Key waveform of prototype sample with GaN FET

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1356/fig8.png

Qrr์ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜์‹œ๋ฃŒ 4์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ZCS๋กœ์˜ ์ฒœ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9(a)~(d)์™€ ํ‘œ 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Qrr=10uC์ธ MOSFET#1์€ Ipeak=30A, Qrr=15uC์ธ MOSFET#2๋Š” Ipeak=28A, Qrr=6.5uC์ธ MOSFET#3์€ Ipeak=21A, Qrr์ด 0uC์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด GaN FET์€ Ipeak=7A๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ Qrr์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ GaN FET์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” MOSFET๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 7A๋กœ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. MOSFET#1๊ณผ MOSFET#2์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” Datasheet์— ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” Qrr์€ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋งˆ๋‹ค

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. Qrr์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 9. Reverse recovery current according to Qrr

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1356/fig9.png

ํ‘œ 3. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 3. Experimental results

MOSFET#1

MOSFET#2

MOSFET#3

GaN FET#1

Model

IPA60R125C6

R6030ENZ1

FCH125N60E28

GS66058T

Qrr

10uC

15uC

6.5uC

โ‰’0uC

Ipeak

30A

28A

21A

7A

๋‹ค๋ฅธ Test Condition์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ถœํ•œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ MOSFET์˜ ํ„ด-์˜คํ”„ ์ „์••, ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— GaN FET์„ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ๊ณต์ง„์  ๋ถ„๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ZPA๊ฒ€์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์„ผ์„œ ๋ฐ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ์ด ์ œ์–ด ์—†์ด ์•ˆ์ •์  ๋™์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” MOSFET ๋ฐ”๋”” ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ ํฐ Qrr๋กœ ์ธํ•ด IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ZCS ์˜์—ญ ๋™์ž‘ ๋˜๋Š” ZVS-ZCS ์ฒœ์ด ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ์†Œ์† ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ wide bandgap ์†Œ์ž์ธ GaN FET ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ZCS ์˜์—ญ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์›์ธ์ธ ๊ณต์ง„์  ๋ถ„๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์›์ธ๊ณผ ZCS ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , MOSFET๊ณผ GaN FET์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์—ญํšŒ๋ณต ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ Qrr์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” MOSFET ๋ฐ GaN FET์„ IPT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ZCS ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ Qrr ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์„คํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ MOSFET ๋ฐ”๋”” ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ์˜ ํ„ด-์˜คํ”„ ์ „์••, ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” Qrr์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Qrr์ด 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด GaN FET์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ MOSFET์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ZCS ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ์ž‘์€ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” xEV ๋ฐ e-mobility ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด์„ ์ถฉ์ „ ์‹œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„์  ๋ถ„๊ธฐํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ์†Œ์†์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2020 R1F1A1061117).

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์•ˆ์ฒ ์šฉ (Chul-Yong Ahn)
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He received the B.S and the M.S. degrees from Daejin University, Pocheon, Korea, in 2017 and 2019, respectively.

Since 2020, he has worked for Green Power CO.LTD. His research interests include Wireless Power Transfer System

๊น€์ข…์ˆ˜ (Jong-Soo Kim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.9.1356/au2.png

He received his B.S. degree from Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, in 2006, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degree from Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, in 2008 and 2011, respectively, all in Electrical Engineering.

From 2011 to 2012, he was a Full-time lecturer for Electrical Engineering at Seoil university, Seoul, Korea.

From 2012 to 2013, he worked as a Senior Researcher at the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung, Korea.

In 2013, Prof. Kim joined Daejin University in the Department of Electrical Engineering.

His research interests include wide band gap devices for power electronics, high power dc-dc converters, power conversion for electric vehicles, and wireless power transfer charging system.