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Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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Electricity Market, Emission Trading, Social Welfare, Nash Equilibrium, Emission Allocation, Cap-and-Trade

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๊ธฐํ›„์œ„๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์  ๊ฑฑ์ •๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ ์  ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ์•Š์€ ํ™์ˆ˜, ๊ฐ€๋ญ„, ๊ทน๋‹จ์  ๊ณ ์˜จ ๋ฐ ์ €์˜จ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋น™ํ•˜์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ƒ์ง•๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ UN ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ 1990๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ์–ต์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์ œ๋„์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด๋Ÿ‰๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ œ๋„(Cap & Trade), ํƒ„์†Œ์„ธ, ํƒ„์†Œ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ธ ๋“ฑ์ด๊ณ , ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‹คํ–‰์˜์ง€ ์„ ์–ธ์ด ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ ์–ธ๊ณผ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ์ถ•๋ชฉํ‘œ(NDC: Nationally Determined Contribution) ์„ ์–ธ ๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋„ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” RE100 ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊นŠ์€ ์ด๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, 2005๋…„ EU์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์‹œ์žฅ(ETS) ์šด์˜๊ฐœ์‹œ, 2015๋…„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌํ˜‘์ •์—์„œ์˜ NDC ์„ ์–ธ, 2017๋…„ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‹จ์œ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ ์–ธ, 2018๋…„ ์†ก๋„ IPCC ์ดํšŒ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™” ์ด์ „ ๋Œ€๋น„ 2050๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šนํญ ์ œํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ 2๋„C์—์„œ 1.5๋„C๋กœ ํ•˜ํ–ฅ์กฐ์ • ๋“ฑ์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฐœ๋งž์ถฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2015๋…„์— ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ , 2017๋…„์—๋Š” NDC ํ™•์ • ๋ฐ ์ œ์ถœ, 2020๋…„์—๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œํ™”๋œ ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ ์–ธ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ETS ์‹œ์žฅ์€ 1,2์ฐจ๊ณ„ํš๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ํ˜„์žฌ 3์ฐจ๊ณ„ํš๊ธฐ๊ฐ„('21~'25)์ด ์‹œํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. 2020 ์šด์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๊ณ (1)์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์„ ํ• ๋‹น๋ฐ›์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ˆ˜๋Š” 2020๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 636๊ฐœ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ดํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•ฝ 560์–ตํ†ค์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 76% ์ •๋„์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ• ๋‹น๋˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ 3์ฐจ๊ณ„ํš๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์œ ์ƒํ• ๋‹น ๋น„์œจ์„ 10%๋กœ ์ƒํ–ฅ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ใ€Œ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ใ€์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ, ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘์ƒ ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋™ํ–ฅ, ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ง์ „ ๊ณ„ํš๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ์ค€(Grandfathering, GF) ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํšจ์œจ ๊ธฐ์ค€(Benchmarking, BM) ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ „์ž์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ›„์ž์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(2). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์ ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น ๋น„์œจ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณต์ต์„ฑ์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ETS ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„(3), ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ CBP ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ(4), ๊ตญ๋‚ด ETS์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ถ• ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง์„ ๋น„๊ต(5), ์„ํƒ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋„(6), ๋ฐœ์ „์ „๋žต์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์ˆ˜์š”ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์•ˆ(7) ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ GF์™€ BM์„ ๋น„๊ต(8), ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „๋น„์šฉ์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ „๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„(9), ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋„(10), ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋น„์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ ๋„์‹œ์žฅ(Forward market)์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ์„ ํƒ(11), ETS์™€ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ์˜ ์ ‘๋ชฉ(12) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ฟ ๋ฅด๋…ธ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜•(NE) ์‹์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ํ• ๋‹น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์„ ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ›„์ƒ(Social Welfare, SW)์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ›„์ƒ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ• ๋‹น์œจ ์ตœ์ ์‹์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์‹œ์žฅ

2.1 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜

์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ—ˆ์šฉ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ• ๋‹น๋Œ€์ƒ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํš๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์ด๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ œ์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค(1). ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์ด๋Ÿ‰์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ•์˜ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ์€ ์ž‘์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณ„, ๊ธฐ์—…๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์€ ์ ์  ๋” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.(2) ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ถ•์˜์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ตฌ์‹ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด GF ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” BM ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ฐจ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์„ ๊ณต์ต์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ›„์ƒ(SW) ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ํ• ๋‹น ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ฐœ์ „๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์™€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ •์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ถ”์ • ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹, ์ „๋ ฅ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹(7) ๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”์ •์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‰์—ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ์—ฌํƒ€ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์ˆ˜์š”-๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๋„์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ขํ˜€์„œ ํ• ๋‹น๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๊ตญํ•œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋„ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ด๋ค„์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ž(Price taker) ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™ํŠน์„ฑ(Behavior)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ํฌํ•จ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ ํƒ

๋ฐœ์ „์‚ฌ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด๋“๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด๋“์„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „์‚ฌ($G_i$)์˜ ์ด๋“($ฯ€_i$)์€ ํŒ๋งค์ˆ˜์ต-๋ฐœ์ „๋น„์šฉ-๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ตฌ๋งค๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฟ ๋ฅด๋…ธ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ •์‹ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1)
$$ \max \left\{p q_i-F\left(q_j\right)-p_e\left(v_i q_i-e_i\right)\right\} $$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ p๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, $q_i$๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰, F๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜, $p_e$๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, $v_i$์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ $v_i$$q_i$๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ $q_i$์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด๊ณ  $e_i$๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „์‚ฌ($G_i$)์— ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ $v_i$$q_i$-$e_i$์ด ์–‘์ˆ˜์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์Œ์ˆ˜์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ $p_e$$v_i$$q_i$๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  peei๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธˆ์•ก์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ(Subsidy)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(10). ๋‘˜์˜ ์ฐจ์•ก์ธ $p_e$($v_i$$q_i$-$e_i$)๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ’์ด ์Œ์ˆ˜์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ž”์—ฌ ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ $G_i$์˜ ์ด๋“($ฯ€_i$)์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์‹(1)์„ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ•œ $\partial\pi_{i}/\partial q_{i}=0$ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(2)
$p+q_{i}\partial p/\partial q_{i}=f_{i}(q_{i})+v_{i}(p_{e}+q_{i}\partial p_{e}/\partial q_{i})-e_{i}\partial p_{e}/\partial q_{i}$

์‹(2)์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ขŒ๋ณ€์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์ต(Marginal revenue)์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ณ€์˜ ์ฒซ์งธ ํ•ญ $f_i$ ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜์ด๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ ํ•ญ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์„ธ๊ธˆ(Marginal tax), ์…‹์งธ ํ•ญ(-$e_{i}\partial p_{e}/\partial q_{i}$)์€ ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ(Marginal subsidy)์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ โ€œํ•œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์ต=ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ+ํ•œ๊ณ„์„ธ๊ธˆ+ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆโ€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋งŒ์กฑ๋  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ ํƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„์ธ $\partial p/\partial q_{i}$๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์š”ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ $\partial p_{e}/\partial q_{i}$๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ • ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ถœํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ ฅ(Market power)์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ž ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.3 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํ•จ์ˆ˜

์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ์‹œ์žฅ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋งŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ „๋žต๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ($G_i$), ํ›„์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ˆ˜์šฉ(Price taker) ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ($G_t$)๋ผ๊ณ  ์นญํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์ฒจ์ž t๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ๋‹ค.

์ด๋“๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ •์‹ํ™”๋Š” ์‹(1)๋กœ์„œ $G_i$์™€ $G_t$๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„  ์‹(2)์˜ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ $G_i$์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  $G_t$์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ $\partial p/\partial q_{t}$=0 ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ $\partial p_{e}/\partial q_{t}$=0 ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹(3)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋Š” โ€œ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ=ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ+ํ•œ๊ณ„์„ธ๊ธˆโ€์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋งŒ์กฑ๋  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ ์ธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

(3)
$p=f_{t}(q_{t})+v_{t}p_{e}$

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ• ๋‹น์ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ด๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹(4)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. $G_i$์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ๊ณผ $G_t$์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋”ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ดํ•ฉ์€ ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰ ์ดํ•ฉ์ธ E์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋‹ค.

(4)
$E=\Sigma v_{i}q_{i}+ v_{t}q_{t}=\Sigma e_{i}+ e_{t}$

์‹(4)์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ $q_t$ ํ•ญ์„ ์‹(3)์— ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹(3)์€ $q_i$ ํ•ญ๋“ค๊ณผ $p_e$ํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š”ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ $p=a-$$r(\Sigma q_{i}+q_{t})$, ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ $f(q)=b+mq$๋ผ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ๋‹ค.

(5)
$$ a-r\left\{\Sigma q_i+\left(E-\Sigma v_i q_i\right) / v_t\right\}=b_t+m_t\left(E-\Sigma v_i q_i\right) / v_t+v_t p_e $$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ a์™€ r์€ ์ˆ˜์š”ํ•จ์ˆ˜์—์„œ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ, b์™€ m์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜์—์„œ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹(5)๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ $p_e$๋Š” $G_i$ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ($q_i$)์˜ ์„ ํ˜•๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋Š” $\partial p_{e}/\partial q_{i}=\gamma_{i}$๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

(6)
$p_{e}=\gamma_{0}+\Sigma\gamma_{i}q_{i}$

๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹(5)์˜ ์ขŒ๋ณ€์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ p๋„ $G_i$ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ($q_i$)์˜ ์„ ํ˜•๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋Š” $\partial p/\partial q_{i}=\delta_{i}$๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

(7)
$p=\delta_{0}+\Sigma\delta_{i}q_{i}$

3. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„

3.1 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ํ• ๋‹น์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€

์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ETS์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ์ œํ•œ(Cap &trade)์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ด๋˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋น„ํ˜‘์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ETS๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์€ ๋ฌด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ETS ์•ˆ์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.(8) ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” GF ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ BM ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ GF ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜(2), ํ–ฅํ›„์—๋Š” BM ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‹œ์„ค์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋  ์ „๋ง์ด๋‹ค.

ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ์ ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์ด ํ• ๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์ •ํ•œ์ง€, ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ธ‰์ „๋ฌธ์ œ์™€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ• ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์€ ์ˆ™์ œ๋กœ ๋‚จ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ›„์ƒ(SW) ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น์„ ๊ณต์ต์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ (Microeconomics)์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜•(NE)์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  SW๊ฐ€ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ›„์ƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์žํŽธ์ต(Benefit)์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋บ€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค.(13)

(8)
$SW=\int p d Q -\Sigma C(q_{i})$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ p๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด๊ณ , Q(=$\Sigma q_{i}+q_{t}$)๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ• ๋‹น์ด๋Ÿ‰(E)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉด $e_{i}=\alpha_{i}E$์ด๊ณ  ํ• ๋‹น์ด๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ $G_i$์˜ ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ์ธ $ฮฑ_i$๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋žต๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ($G_i$)์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ n์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‹์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค.

(9)
$\sum_{i=1}^{n}\alpha_{i}+\alpha_{t}=1$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $ฮฑ_t$๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์ด๊ณ  ํ• ๋‹น์œจ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜($ฮฑ_1$~$ฮฑ_n$)๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•œ ํ›„ $1-\Sigma\alpha_{i}$๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ํ• ๋‹น ์ตœ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด

SW๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด n๊ฐœ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด $\partial SW/\partial\alpha_{i}=0$์„ ํ’€์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ถ„์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(10a)
$\dfrac{\partial SW}{\partial\alpha_{i}}=p\dfrac{\partial Q}{\partial\alpha_{i}}-\sum_{j=1}^{n}f(q_{j})\dfrac{\partial q_{j}}{\partial\alpha_{i}}-f(q_{t})\dfrac{\partial q_{t}}{\partial\alpha_{i}}$

(10b)
$=\sum_{j=1}^{n}(p-f(q_{j}))\dfrac{\partial q_{j}}{\partial\alpha_{i}}+(p-f(q_{t}))\dfrac{\partial q_{t}}{\partial\alpha_{i}}=0$

์œ„์˜ ์‹์„ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„($\partial q/\partial\alpha$)๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜•์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜• ์กฐ๊ฑด์‹์€ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ ์ตœ์ ์„ ํƒ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ ์‹(2)๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ป์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ• ๋‹น์œจ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ฮฑ์™€ ์‹(6)์„ ์‹(2)์— ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ๋‹ค.

(11)
$a-r(\Sigma q_{i}+q_{t})+q_{i}\delta_{i}=f_{i}(q_{i})+v_{i}(\gamma_{0}+\Sigma\gamma_{i}q_{i}+q_{i}\gamma_{i})-\gamma_{i}\alpha_{i}E$

n๊ฐœ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ $G_i$์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ n๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹๊ณผ ์‹(4)์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์กฐ๊ฑด์‹์„ ์—ฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ท ํ˜•์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€์˜ ์„ ํ˜• ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(12)
$$ \mathbf{q}=\mathrm{H}\left[\alpha_1 \cdots \alpha_{\mathrm{n}} 1\right]^{\mathrm{t}} $$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $ \mathbf{q}=\mathrm{H}\left[\alpha_1 \cdots \alpha_{\mathrm{n}} 1\right]^{\mathrm{t}} $์ด๊ณ  H๋Š” (n+1)ร—(n+1) ์ฐจ์›์˜ ํ–‰๋ ฌ์ด๋‹ค.

์‹(12)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ• ๋‹น์œจ ์ตœ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์‹(10b)์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„($\partial q/\partial\alpha$)๋ฅผ ์–ป์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ• ๋‹น์œจ n๊ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹(10b)๋ฅผ ํ’€๋ฉด ์ตœ์  ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์ด ๊ตฌํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.

3.3 ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•

์‚ฌ๋ก€์ ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ 3๋Œ€์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋žต๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ 2๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ 1๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ›„์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด $G_1$์€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  $G_2$๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋น„์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ $G_1$์€ ๊ณ ๋น„์šฉ, $G_2$๋Š” ์ €๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ $G_1$์€ ๊ณ ๋น„์šฉ ์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ, $G_2$๋Š” ์ €๋น„์šฉ ๊ณ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1. ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ

Table 1. Marginal Cost and Emission Functions

๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜

ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ

v

b

m

1

์ „๋žต

1.0

20

0.2

2

์ „๋žต

3.0

15

0.1

3

๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ˆ˜์šฉ

2.0

22

0.24

ํ‘œ 2. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ

Table 2. Nash Equilibrium at Initial State

๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ(q)

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰(V)

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋น„์œจ(%)

1

205.8

205.8

11.56

2

396.3

1189.0

66.80

3

192.6

385.2

21.64

ํ•ฉ๊ณ„

794.7

1780.0

100.0

๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”ํŠน์„ฑ์€ $p=100-0.04(q_{1}+q_{2}+q_{3})$๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์˜($p_e$=0)์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹(2)์™€ ์‹(3)์„ ํ’€์–ด์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ท ํ˜•์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ(p)์€ 68.2์ด๊ณ  ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์€ 1780(=$E_o$)์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ํ• ๋‹น์ด๋Ÿ‰์ด $E_o$ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  $E_o$ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ท ํ˜•์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ 1780 ๋งŒํผ์„ ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ท ํ˜•์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค.

4. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒํ• ๋‹น ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„

4.1 ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ตœ์ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ํ• ๋‹น์ด๋Ÿ‰์„ 30% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ 1246(=0.7$E_o$=Eโ€™)์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ , ๊ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ• ๋‹น๋„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ์ธ 11.56% 66.8% 21.64%์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€๋น„ 30%๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ 144.1 832.3 269.6๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์„ ์ด์™€๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜•(NE)์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 3. ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜•

Table 3. NE at Reduced Total Allowance

ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ(%)

๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ(q)

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰(V)

์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฐฐ์ถœ(V-E)

1

11.6

187.05

187.05

42.95

2

66.8

275.90

827.71

-4.59

3

21.6

115.62

231.24

-38.36

ํ•ฉ๊ณ„

100.0

578.57

1246.00

0

๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ์€ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋กœ ํ• ๋‹น์ด๋Ÿ‰์ด 30% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ NE๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. $G_1$์€ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ $p_e$=13.55์— ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด $G_2$, $G_3$๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น„ํ•ด 72.8%๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ ํญ์€ ์ž‘์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 76.86์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ƒํƒœ 68.2์— ๋น„ํ•ด 12.7% ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์„ ํƒ๋œ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ($q_1$,$q_2$)์ด NE์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์ตœ์ ์„ ํƒ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ (187, 276)์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ด๋“์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ NE์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ

Fig. 1. Verification of NE Generation Powers

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.1.24/fig1.png

์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ํ• ๋‹น์ด๋Ÿ‰์„ Eโ€™(=1246)์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ตฌํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์•ž์—์„œ์˜ (10b)์‹์€ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ $ฮฑ_1$, $ฮฑ_2$์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ์ตœ์  ํ• ๋‹น์˜ NE ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 4. ์ตœ์  ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 4. Results of Optimal Allocation

ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ(%)

๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ(q)

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰(V)

์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฐฐ์ถœ(V-E)

1

24.8

220.60

220.60

-88.24

2

59.8

257.29

771.87

27.08

3

15.4

126.77

253.53

61.15

ํ•ฉ๊ณ„

100.0

604.65

1246.00

0

์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น„ํ•ด $G_1$์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์€ 11.6%์—์„œ 24.8%๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด $G_2$์™€ $G_3$๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ• ๋‹น ์ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ  ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ์€ 578.6(ํ‘œ 3)์—์„œ 604.6(ํ‘œ 4)์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 4.5% ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 76.86์—์„œ 75.81๋กœ ์•ฝ 1.4% ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 13.55์—์„œ 11.7๋กœ ์•ฝ 13.6% ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ›„์ƒ(SW)์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ SW ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์ ์ž„์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ SW์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ SW์˜ 3D ํ•จ์ˆ˜

Fig. 2. 3D Function of SW

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.1.24/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ SW์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ณ ์„  ํ‘œํ˜„

Fig. 3. Contours of SW Function

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.1.24/fig3.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” ํ• ๋‹น์œจ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ($ฮฑ_1$, $ฮฑ_2$) ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋•Œ์˜ SW์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ 3์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ์˜ ํ•ฉ์ด 1์„ ๋„˜์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— $ฮฑ_1+ฮฑ_2 \leq 1$ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์˜์—ญ(Infeasible region)์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ $ฮฑ_3$๋Š” 1-$ฮฑ_1$-$ฮฑ_2$๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. SW ๋ถ„ํฌ์—์„œ ๊ทน๋Œ€์ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 3D ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 2์ฐจ์› ๋“ฑ๊ณ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๊ทน๋Œ€์ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” $ฮฑ_1$=0.25, $ฮฑ_2$=0.6์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ํ‘œ 4์˜ ์ตœ์  ํ• ๋‹น์œจ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

4.2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ

๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น ์ด๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ปค์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์ด 1780(=$E_o$)์ž„์„ ์•ž์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ• ๋‹น์ด๋Ÿ‰์„ 70%๋กœ ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ•œ Eโ€™(=1246)์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ‘œ 4์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ• ๋‹น์ด๋Ÿ‰์„ 1100~2060 ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4, 5์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ $ฮฑ_1$์€ ํ• ๋‹น์ด๋Ÿ‰์— ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๊ณ  $ฮฑ_2$๋Š” ๋น„๋ก€ํ•จ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋น„์šฉ ๊ณ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ธ $G_2$์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ SW ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ($p_e$)์€ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์— ์„ ํ˜• ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ $E_o$(=1780)์ผ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” $p_e$=3.97๋กœ์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น์„ ํ•จ์—๋„ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์ด 2060์ผ ๋•Œ ์˜์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์ด 2060 ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๋ฉด ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ์„ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. SW๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ $p_e$=0์ผ ๋•Œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ๋„ ์˜์ด ๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ํ• ๋‹น์ด๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ

Fig. 4. Optimal Ratio to total Allowances

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.1.24/fig4.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ›„์ƒ

Fig. 5. Emission Price and SW

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.1.24/fig5.png

์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰($E_o$=1780)์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ• ๋‹น ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ํ‘œ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์—†์„ ๋•Œ์ธ ํ‘œ 2์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ์„ $G_1$์—๊ฒŒ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  $G_1$์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ํŒ๋งค์™€ $G_2$, $G_3$์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด SW๊ฐ€ 36,002์—์„œ 36,172๋กœ ์•ฝ 5% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 5. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰($E_o$)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ• ๋‹น ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 5. NE of Optimal Ratio at Initial Allowance

ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ(%)

๋ฐœ์ „๋ ฅ(q)

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰(V)

์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฐฐ์ถœ(V-E)

1

17.4

221.32

221.32

-88.53

2

67.2

413.19

1239.57

43.49

3

15.4

159.55

319.11

45.04

ํ•ฉ๊ณ„

100.0

794.06

1780.00

0

4.3 ๋ฐฐ์ถœํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ํ‘œ 1์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ $G_2$๋Š” ์ €๋น„์šฉ ๊ณ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ $G_1$์€ ๊ณ ๋น„์šฉ ์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น์˜ ์ตœ์ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์—์„œ $ฮฑ_2$>$ฮฑ_1$ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” $G_2$์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ์ตœ์ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์„ Eโ€™(=1246) ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ‘œ 1์—์„œ $v_1$:$v_2$=1:3์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ $v_1$+$v_2$=4์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ $v_1$:$v_2$=3:1๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ $G_1$์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น์˜ ๋น„์œจ($ฮฑ_1$)์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด $G_2$๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์—์„œ ์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฉด์„œ ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ($ฮฑ_2$)์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ $G_1$๊ณผ $G_2$์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋จ์—๋„ $ฮฑ_2$>$ฮฑ_1$ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” $G_2$์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ €๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์  ํ• ๋‹น์œจ

Fig. 6. Opt. Ratio to Emission Functions

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.1.24/fig6.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์  ํ• ๋‹น์œจ

Fig. 7. Opt. Ratio to Cost Functions

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.1.24/fig7.png

๋‹ค์Œ์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ์—๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด ์ตœ์  ํ• ๋‹น๋น„์œจ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ถœํŠน์„ฑ์ด 3:1๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋„ $b_2$=15~30, $m_2$=0.1~0.3๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ $G_2$๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋น„์šฉ ์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ• ๋‹น์ด๋Ÿ‰์„ Eโ€™ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ $ฮฑ_1$>$ฮฑ_2$ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์ „๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์ „๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์€ $v_1$=1.96, $v_2$=2.04, $b_2$=22.2, $m_2$=0.196 ์ผ ๋•Œ $ฮฑ_1$=$ฮฑ_2$โ‰ˆ0.356๋กœ์„œ $G_1$๊ณผ $G_2$์˜ ๋น„์šฉํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น ์ด๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ• ๋‹น์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ๋น„์œจ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ• ๋‹น์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ›„์ƒ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”์— ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋น„์œจ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ถ”์ข… ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๋ จ์‹์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์ฟ ๋ฅด๋…ธ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ท ํ˜• ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํ• ๋‹น์œจ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋น„์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋น„์šฉฮ‡์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ €๋น„์šฉฮ‡๊ณ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋น„์‹œ์ผœ ์ตœ์  ํ• ๋‹น์œจ์„ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ €๋น„์šฉฮ‡๊ณ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์„ ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ํ›„์ƒ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•จ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น์œจ ์‚ฐ์ •์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„์šฉํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๋ฌด์ƒํ• ๋‹น์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด๋ผ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์™„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

References

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์ด๊ด‘ํ˜ธ(Kwang-Ho Lee)
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He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph. D. degrees from Seoul National University in 1988, 1990, and 1995, respectively, in Electrical Engineering.

He conducted research on reliability enhancement of power systems in the Korea Electrical Power Research Institute.

He is presently a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Dankook University, Korea.

Tel : 031-8005-3604

E-mail : mania49d@dankook.ac.kr