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  1. (KEPCO Research Institute, Korea)



Transformer, insulating oil, light transmittance, Fault Discrimination

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ž์žฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐํ˜• ์ž์›์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์ž์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ํ•œ์ „์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ž์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ง ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(ADMS : Advanced Distribution Management System)์ด๋‚˜ AMI(Advanced Metering Infrastructure)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธํ˜• ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์šด์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™”๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์šด์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์›์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์„ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ก€๋กœ ์†ก์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ž์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ํ•œ์ „ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ฐฐ์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  230๋งŒ๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šด์˜ ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค.

์†ก์ „์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ํ›„์ž๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ธ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ›„์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1 ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

Table 1 How to diagnose the condition of transformer

๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ

์ง„๋‹จ

๋ฌธ์ œ์ 

์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ

๋ถ€์‹ฑ์ œ์ž‘๊ฒฐํ•จ

์™ธ๋ถ€ ์šฉ์—ญ์— ์˜์กด

๋ถ€์‹ฑ๊ท ์—ด

์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒญ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•จ ๊ฒ€์ถœ

ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„ ์กฐ์ž„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰

์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ์†Œ์Œ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์ €ํ•˜

์—ดํ™”์ƒ

ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„ ์กฐ์ž„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰

ํƒœ์–‘ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์—ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ธก์ • ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•

๋ฆฌ๋“œ์„  ์—ดํ™”

๊ณ ์žฅ์  ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€

๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „์„  ๊ณผ์—ด

์ธ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ

๋ฌด์„  ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ์‹œ

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ „๋ฅ˜

๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ ์‹œ๊ฐ„

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์˜จ๋„

๊ณ ์žฅ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ์–ด๋ ค์›€

ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ 2๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ดํ™” ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์ง„๋‹จ์—๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ ์ค‘์ธ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ถ„์‚ฐํ˜• ์ž์›์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

Table 2 Classification for diagnosis of transformer insulating oil

๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•

์„ธ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•

์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ง„๋‹จ

์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ง„๋‹จ

๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์‹œํ—˜

์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฒ€์ถœ

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฒ€์ถœ

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ •

์ง๋ฅ˜๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์ธก์ •

๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์ธก์ •

๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

์œ ์ „ ์ •์ ‘ ์‹œํ—˜

Tanฮด ์ธก์ •

๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

์œ ์ „์†์‹ค ์ธก์ •

๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

RVM

์™ธ๋ถ€์ „์•• ์ธก์ •

๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

๊ทธ ์™ธ

๊ถŒ์„ ์ €ํ•ญ ์ธก์ •

๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ •

๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

์ „์„ ๋น„ ์ธก์ •

๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ง„๋‹จ

์œ ์ค‘๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ถ„์„

์ ˆ๋Œ€์น˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

๊ฐ€์Šค์กฐ์„ฑ๋น„ ํ‰๊ฐ€

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

๊ฐ€์Šค๊ตฌ์„ฑํŒจํ„ด ์ง„๋‹จ

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

์ ˆ์—ฐ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์‹œํ—˜

ํ‰๊ท ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋„

๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

์ „์‚ฐ๊ฐ€

๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

์˜จ๋„์ธก์ •

์—ด ์—ดํ™” ํ‰๊ฐ€

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

์ด์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ช…์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[1-3]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋“ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์—๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฒ ๊ฑฐ ํ›„ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ง„๋‹จ(10-2259953, โ€œ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•โ€)์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ๋น› ํˆฌ๊ณผ๋„์™€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[4].

2. ๊ด‘ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก 

2.1 ๊ด‘ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๋Š” ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ผ์ด๋‹ค, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์‚ฐํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ‰์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํƒ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์—์„œ ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถˆ์ˆœ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น›์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋น›์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ ์ค‘ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์™€ ๊ด‘์›์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์— ๊ด‘์›๋ณ„ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์ •๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[5].

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

Fig. 1. Perform insulating oil permeability test

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.11.1910/fig1.png

ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ๋น›์˜ ์ƒ‰์ƒ๊ณผ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์งˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น›์„ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์— ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น›์ด ํˆฌ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋น›์„ ๊ด‘๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘์›์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •, ์˜ค์‹ค๋กœ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด‘์›์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ด‘์› ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ‘œ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 3 ๊ด‘์› ํŒŒ์žฅ๋ณ„(์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„)

Table 3 light source wavelength (by type)

๊ด‘์›

์ข…๋ฅ˜

LED (Light Emitting Diode)

Red, Green, Blue, White

LD (Laser Diode)

520nm, 650nm, 905nm

ํ‘œ 4 ๊ด‘์› ํŒŒ์žฅ๋ณ„(์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„) ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 4 Transmittance analysis results by light source wavelength (by type)

๊ด‘ ์›

ํˆฌ ๊ณผ ์œจ

LD (Laser Diode)

520nm

82.75%

650nm

83.24%

905nm

79.56%

LED (Light Emitting Diode)

RED

67.25%

GREEN

65.01%

BLUE

55.58%

WHITE

54.95%

์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ‘œ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋˜๋“ฏ์ด ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์€ ๊ด‘์›์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ ํƒํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.2 ๊ด‘์› ์„ ์ •

์ „์ˆ ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 520nm์™€ 650nm์˜ ๊ด‘์›์— ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์‚ฐํ™” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ์ง€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ด‘ ํ™œ์šฉ ์„ผ์„œ ์ œ์ž‘ ์‹œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  LD ์„ ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ

Fig. 2. Output voltage test to select LD to be used when producing sensors utilizing reflected light

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.11.1910/fig2.png

ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•„๋ž˜ ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ๊ณผํ•œํ›„ ๊ด‘์›์˜ ์ „์••์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋•Œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ ๊ด‘์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํƒํ•จ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์••์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ™•์—ฐํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” 520nm์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์••๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ 650nmํŒŒ์žฅ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ „์•• ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์••๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ดํ›„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ์‹ค์ œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์‹œ 520nm์˜ ๊ด‘์›์ด ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 5 520nm / 650nm LD์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ƒํƒœ๋ณ„ ์ „์•• ์ธก์ • ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 5 Voltage measurement test results by insulating oil condition of 520nm / 650nm LD

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.11.1910/tb5.png

3. ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†ก๋ณ€์ „์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 400๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ž„์˜๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์— ์ƒ‰๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials)์—์„œ๋Š” ASTM D1500 ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„์œ ์ œํ’ˆ(Petroleum)์˜ ์ƒ‰์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ASTM D1500 Color Scale์„ ๊ณตํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ 400๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ASTM D1500์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 6 ASTM D1500 Color Scale์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

Table 6 Causes of failure of insulating oil and major gases generated by each cause

์ƒ‰๋„

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

3

4.5

7

๊ณ„

๊ฐœ์ˆ˜

154

70

69

52

25

21

7

2

400

๋˜ํ•œ 400๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด๋ถ€๋ก 1์—์„œ ํ›„์ˆ ํ•  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค ํŒ๋ณ„์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ‘œ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 7 ๊ฐ€์ŠคํŒ์ •๋ณ„ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜

Table 7 Number of insulating oil samples by gas determination

๊ฐ€์ŠคํŒ์ •

๊ฐœ์ˆ˜

์ •์ƒ

328

์š”์ฃผ์˜I

34

์š”์ฃผ์˜II

30

์ด์ƒ

7

์œ„ํ—˜

1

๊ณ„

400

์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ASTM D1500 Color Scale์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ํŒ๋ณ„์‹์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ต์ฐจ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ํ‘œ 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 8์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ด ๋ง‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก(์ƒ‰๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก) ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ‰๋„๊ฐ€ 4.5 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์œผ๋ฉฐ (์ด 400๊ฐœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ค‘ 9๊ฐœ) ํŠนํžˆ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋‘์šด ์ƒ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ ์ด 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋กœ์จ ํŒ์ •๋น„์œจ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋‚˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ด ์ง„ํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ€์Šค ํŒ์ •์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘ ์š”์ฃผ์˜I, ์š”์ฃผ์˜II์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‘์€ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ€์ŠคํŒ์ •์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 8 ASTM D1500 ์ƒ‰๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ํŒ์ • ๋น„์œจ

Table 8 Insulating oil sample gas determination ratio according to ASTM D1500 chromaticity

์ƒ‰๋„

์ •์ƒ(%)

์š”์ฃผ์˜I(%)

์š”์ฃผ์˜II(%)

0

89.54

5.88

4.58

0.5

77.61

8.96

13.43

1

82.09

8.96

8.96

1.5

92.16

3.92

3.92

2

79.17

12.50

8.33

3

61.90

28.57

9.52

4.5

57.14

28.57

14.29

7

50.00

0.00

50.00

T1(์ €์˜จ๊ณผ์—ด)๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ƒ‰๋„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ํ‘œ 9์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ์ƒ‰๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ ์ €์˜จ๊ฐ€์—ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ Fault๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ง‘์€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์—์„œ Fault๋น„์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1~1.5์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ‰๋„์—์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์ง€๋งŒ 2 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ๋Š” T1(์ €์˜จ๊ณผ์—ด)์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 9 IEC 60599 ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ƒ‰๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ T1 Fault(์ €์˜จ๊ณผ์—ด) ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 9 T1 Fault (low temperature overheating) classification result according to insulating oil color according to IEC 60599

์ƒ‰๋„

์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜

T1

T1 ๋น„์œจ

0

153

20

13.0%

0.5

67

47

70.1%

1

67

40

59.7%

1.5

51

18

35.3%

2

24

18

75%

3

21

16

76.2%

4.5

7

5

71.4%

7

2

1

50%

ํ‘œ 10 DTM ํ™œ์šฉ T1(์ €์˜จ๊ณผ์—ด) ํ•ด๋‹น ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜

Table 10 Number of samples for T1 (low temperature overheating) using DTM

์ƒ‰๋„

์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜(์ด์ƒ,์œ„ํ—˜์ œ์™ธ)

L1 Limit ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜

์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜์ค‘ T1 ๋น„์œจ

0

153

8

5.2%

0.5

67

11

16.4%

1

67

12

17.9%

1.5

51

5

9.8%

2

24

5

20.8%

3

21

6

28.6%

4.5

7

3

42.9%

7

2

0

0.0%

DTM์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ ํŒ์ •์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ‰๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ €์˜จ๊ณผ์—ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅํŒ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ด ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ 4.5์˜ ์ƒ‰๋„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋ฉฐ L1 Limit์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ์ค‘ T1ํŒ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์ŠคํŒ์ •์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์š”์ฃผ์˜I 2๊ฑด, ์š”์ฃผ์˜II 1๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

3.1 ๊ด‘ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ๊ณผ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„

๋ณธ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค[6].

โ‘  ์ „๊ธฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(KS C 2101-1995) 22. ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์•• ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„์ธก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

โ‘ก ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์‹œํ—˜์€ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‘œ์‹œ์„ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฒด์šฐ๊ณ , ์ „๊ทน๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ 2.5mm๋กœ ๋ฒŒ๋ ค๋†“๊ณ  ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์ค‘์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

โ‘ข ์ด 6ํšŒ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ 6ํšŒ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด์ „์••์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ 

Fig. 3. Insulating oil breakdown test equipment and experimental insulating oil

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.11.1910/fig3.png

์ด๋•Œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ถˆ์šฉ๋œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ (๋ฏธ์ฐฝํŠธ๋žœ์Šค OT-2 (๊ด‘์œ  1์ข… 2ํ˜ธ))์˜ ๊ฐ€์† ์—ดํ™” ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 11๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์‹ค์ œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์…€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 11 ๊ฐ€์†์—ดํ™” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์…€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ

Table 11 Cell components for accelerated degradation experiments

๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ

์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋Ÿ‰

์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ 

500ml

์ฒ ์‹ฌ

366g

๊ถŒ์„ 

148g

์ ˆ์—ฐ๋ฌผ

29.7g

ํ•ฉ๊ณ„

์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  500ml / ๊ทธ ์™ธ 543.7g

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ „์••๊ฐ’์„ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 5V๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋•Œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋“ฏ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ โ€“ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด์ „์•• ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„

Fig. 4. Insulating oil permeability โ€“ breakdown voltage correlation

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.11.1910/fig4.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ โ€“ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด์ „์•• ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„(ํ‰๊ท ์น˜)

Fig. 5. TInsulating oil permeability โ€“ breakdown voltage correlation (average value)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.11.1910/fig5.png

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ด ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋“ค์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ Pearson ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ 0.62์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•„ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”๋ก ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์ด 40% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ „์••์ด 30kV ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์ด 40\% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์‹œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ‰์€ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ(ํ™˜๊ฒฝ (์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์–‘๋“ฑ)๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ) ํ•ด์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€[7]์—๋„ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์žฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ๊ฐ€๋“ฑ์ด ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ด๋ฅผ Bad Condition(์ƒํƒœ ๋‚˜์จ)์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ASTM D1500์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ‰๋„๋ณ„ ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ์•ฝ 2(2.5)~3์˜ ์ƒ‰๋„์—์„œ ์ƒํƒœ ํŒ์ •์ด ์•…ํ™” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™œ์šฉ์ค‘์ธ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์ธก์ •์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ‰์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ƒํƒœ ํŒ์ •๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถˆ์šฉ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ํ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์†์—ดํ™” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ๊ด‘ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์•ก์ฒด์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 3์ข…์˜ LD์™€ 4์ข…์˜ LED ๊ด‘์›์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 520nm์™€ 650nm์˜ ๊ด‘์›์ด ์ตœ์ข… ๊ด‘์› ํ›„๋ณด๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŒŒ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์—ดํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋ณ„ ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ 520nm ๊ด‘์›์„ ์ง„๋‹จ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๊ด‘์›์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์„ ์ •๋œ ๊ด‘์›์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์ธก์ • ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์†์—ดํ™” ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ํ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจ๋œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ๊ด‘ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ด ํƒํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์–ด ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ, ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‹ ์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง‘์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์•„ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ผ€์ด์Šค์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ASTM D1500์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ํ•ด์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์ด 40% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ ๊ธฐ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ฐฐ์ „์šฉ ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์†ก์ „์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ IoT ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒ‰(ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฃผ์ƒ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ง„๋‹จ์ค‘ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์„ค๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ถ€ ๋ก

๋ถ€๋ก 1. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ๊ฐ€์ŠคํŒ๋ณ„์‹

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ ํ‘œ 12์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ ์›์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค[8].

ํ‘œ 12 ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ ์›์ธ ๋ณ„ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์Šค

Table 12 Causes of insulating oil failure and major gases generated by each cause

๊ณ ์žฅ์›์ธ

์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€์Šค

์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ๊ณผ์—ด

์ €์˜จ (300โ„ƒ ์ดํ•˜)

C2H6, CH4, C2H4

์ค‘์˜จ (300~700โ„ƒ)

C2H6, CH4, C2H4

๊ณ ์˜จ (700โ„ƒ ์ด์ƒ)

C2H6, CH4, C2H4

๊ณ ์ฒด์ ˆ์—ฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ณผ์—ด(200โ„ƒ ์ด์ƒ)

CO, CO2, CH4

์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์ค‘ ์•„ํฌ๋ฐฉ์ „

C2H2, H2, C2H4, CH4

์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์ค‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „

C2H2, H2, C2H4, CH4

์ ˆ์—ฐ๋ฌผ, ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์—ดํ™”

CO, CO2

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ์ฆ ๊ฐ€์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†ก์ „์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‘œ 13๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํƒœ ํŒ์ •์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค[5].

ํ‘œ 13 ์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœํŒ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ

Table 13 Transformer status according to insulating oil condition determination

์ ˆ์—ฐ์œ  ์ƒํƒœ

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ

์ •์ƒ

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์šด์ „์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ„์† ์šด์ „

์š”์ฃผ์˜ I, II

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ด์ƒ์ง•ํ›„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •, ์ถ”์ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

์ด์ƒ

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‹ค์‹œ, ์ถ”์ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ, ํ•„์š”์‹œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ ๊ฒ€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฒฐ์ • ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•„์š”

์œ„ํ—˜

์ฆ‰์‹œ ์šด์ „์ •์ง€ ํ›„ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ •๋ฐ€์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์‹ค์‹œ

๋ถ€๋ก 2. IEC 60599 Diagnosis method

IEC 60599๋Š” ์ˆ˜์†Œ(H2), ๋ฉ”ํƒ„(CH4), ์—ํƒ„(C2H6), ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ(C2H4), ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ๋ Œ(C2H2)๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ๋†๋„ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐํ•จ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 14๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[9].

ํ‘œ 14 IEC 60599 ๊ทœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šฉ์กด๊ฐ€์Šค ์กฐ์„ฑ๋น„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์›์ธ ์ง„๋‹จ

Table 14 Diagnosis of dissolved gas composition and cause of failure according to IEC 60599 regulations

Case

Failure

C2H2/C2H4

CH4/H2

C2H4/C2H6

PD

Partial Discharge

-

<0.1

<0.2

D1

Low Energy Discharge

>1

0.1-0.5

1>

D2

High Energy Discharge

0.6-2.5

0.1-1

>2

T1

Thermal Fault โ‰ฆ300โ„ƒ

-

-

<1

T2

Thermal Fault 300โ„ƒห‚ โ‰ฆ700โ„ƒ

<0.1

>1

1-4

T3

Thermal Fault 700โ„ƒห‚

<0.2

>1

>4

๋ถ€๋ก 3. DTM(Duval Triangle Method)

DTM(Duval Triangle Method)์€ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๊ฐ€์Šค๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 15 DTM ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ œํ•œ๊ฐ’(Limit)

Table 15 Transformer fault diagnosis standard limit using DTM

Gas

L1 Limits (ppm)

$H _{2}$

100

$CH _{4}$

75

$C _{2} H _{2}$

3

$C _{2} H _{4}$

75

$C _{2} H _{6}$

75

ํ‘œ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. DTM์€ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€์Šค($CH_{4}$, $C_{2}H_{4}$, $C_{2}H_{2}$)์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ์กฐ์„ฑ๋น„๋Š” ์‹ (1)~(3)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค[10-11].

(1)
$CH_{4}\% =\dfrac{CH_{4}}{CH_{4}+C_{2}H_{2}+C_{2}H_{4}}\times 100$
(2)
$C_{2}H_{2}\% =\dfrac{C_{2}H_{2}}{CH_{4}+C_{2}H_{2}+C_{2}H_{4}}\times 100$
(3)
$C_{2}H_{4}\% =\dfrac{C_{2}H_{4}}{CH_{4}+C_{2}H_{2}+C_{2}H_{4}}\times 100$

References

1 
Hyun-joo Park, and Suk-bun Kim, โ€œProposals for an Optimum Analysis Method for Furanic Compound in Insulating Oil for Paper Degradation Assessment,โ€ KIEE Summer Conference, July 2009.URL
2 
Choon-Dong Kim, Chol-Gyu Kim, and Sh-Hyun Park, โ€œDevelopment of Portable Dissolved Gas Analyzer Using photoacoustic spectroscopy,โ€ Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 2431-2438, 2013.DOI:10.6109/jkiice.2013.17.10.2431DOI
3 
Hyeong-Gu Kang, Jin-Young Jang, Seongguen Jang, Insu Kim, โ€œA transformer lifetime prediction and failure diagnosis algorithm using probability theories,โ€ The 53rd KIEE Summer Conference, Yeosu Expo Convention Center Expo Hall, Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, South Korea, July, 2022.URL
4 
Haksun Im, Beopsoo Kim, Insu Kim, โ€œStudy on Optimizing Transformer Replacement Cycle,โ€ The Korean Institute of Illumination and Electrical Installation Engineers, Proceedings of 2019 KIIEE Fall Annual Conference, November, 2019.URL
5 
Sangmin Ryu, and Seungpil Moon, โ€œA Basic Study on the Status Diagnosis of Transformer Using Physical Properties of Insulating oil,โ€ KIEE Summer Conference, pp. 1720-1721, July 2020.URL
6 
Seungpil Moon, Shyung Kang, Sun-jin Hwang, SJongkee Choi, โ€œBasic study on the method of utilizing the transmittance of insulation oil for diagnosing a transformer,โ€ KIEE Summer Conference, pp. 350-351, July 2020.URL
7 
Al Hafez, NS Gerges, KI El-nagar, SE Mohamed, Al Heshem, โ€œTreatment of aged transformer oil using dry sludge in lab-scale refining unit,โ€ Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 010-022, October 2015.URL
8 
ISLAM Md Mominul, LEE Gareth, HETTIWATTE Sujeewa Nilendra, โ€œA review of condition monitoring techniques and diagnostic tests for lifetime estimation of power transformers,โ€ Electrical Engineering, vol. 100, pp. 581-605, 2018.DOI:10.1007/s00202-017-0532-4DOI
9 
Michel Duval, and Alfonso Depablo, โ€œInterpretation of Gas-In-Oil Analysis Using New IEC Publication 60599 and IEC TC 10 Database,โ€ IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 31-41, 2001.DOI:10.1109/57.917529DOI
10 
Michel Duval, โ€œThe Duval Triangle for Load Tap Changers, Non-Mineral Oils and Low Temperature Faults in Transformer,โ€ IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 22-29, 2008.DOI:10.1109/MEI.2008.4665347DOI
11 
Irungu, G. K., A. O. Akumu, and J. L. Munda. โ€œFault diagnostics in oil filled electrical equipment: Review of duval triangle and possibility of alternatives,โ€ 2016 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC). IEEE, 2016.DOI:10.1109/EIC.2016.7548688DOI

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๋ฌธ์Šนํ•„(Seungpil Moon)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.11.1910/au1.png

He received has Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Korea in 2003. Currently, he is a principal researcher in KEPCO Research Institute, Power System Research Laboratory. His research interests include power system modeling and analysis

๋ฐฉํ˜•ํ•„(Hyeongpil Bang)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.11.1910/au2.png

He received has M.S degrees from the Department of Electrical & Information Engineering, Seoul National University Of Science and Technology, Korea in 2018. Currently, he is a Senior researcher in KEPCO Research Institute, Power System Research Laboratory. His research interests include power system modeling and analysis

์ตœ์žฅํ (Jang-Heum Choi)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.11.1910/au3.png

He received has Ph.D. degrees from the Department of Electrical Engineering, ChungNam National University, Korea in 2006. Currently, he is a researcher in KEPCO Research Institute, Power System Research Laboratory. His research interests include power system modeling and analysis

์ด์—ฐ์ฐฌ(Yeonchan Lee)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.11.1910/au4.png

He received has Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Korea in 2022. Currently, he is a researcher in KEPCO Research Institute, Power System Research Laboratory. His research interests include power system modeling and analysis