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  1. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Myongji University, Korea.)



Digital Twin, Power Transformer, Inrush Current, Differential Protection, Second Harmonic, IEC 61850

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์ตœ์ „์„ ์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™”๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[1]. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ดˆ์„์€ IEC 61850 ํ‘œ์ค€์—์„œ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์‹  ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋กœ, Abstract Data Model๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”์™€ Merging Unit (MU) ๋ฐ Intelligent Electronic Device (IED)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต์‹  ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ค€์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค[2]. IEC 61850์€ General Oriented Object Substation Event (GOOSE) ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์™€ Sampled Value (SV)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ž๋™ํ™” ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ƒํ˜ธ ์šด์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋œ MU์™€ IED๋กœ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ "Flexible Substation"์— ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์šด์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ค๋น„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ž์œจ ์šด์˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค[3]. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด IEC 61850 ํ‘œ์ค€ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” IED์™€ MU๋„ ํŠธ์œˆIED ๋ฐ ํŠธ์œˆMU๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ Hidden Failure ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์˜ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์šด์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹๋ณ„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์••๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์–‘์˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด IED ๋‚ด์— ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ฐจ๋‹จ/์–ต์ œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค[4]. ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED์˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ฐจ๋‹จ/์–ต์ œ ๋น„์œจ์€ 15% ๋˜๋Š” 20%๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์›์ธ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง๋ ฌ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž๋™ ์‚ฝ์ž… ๋ฐ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[5]. ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŽธ์ฐจ์™€ Pre-strike๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” Rate of Decrease of Dielectric Strength (RDDS)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[6-7]. ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์€ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[8-12]. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์‹œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[13-14]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์€ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์›์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋  ๋•Œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์† ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[15].

์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์†์‹ค์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ฝ”์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์žํ™”ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‹ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋น„์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ์‹œ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[16-17]. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‹ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์•• ์ „์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์‹๋ณ„๋˜๋ฉด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED ์ •์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋น„์œจ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ

2.1 ์žํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฝ”์–ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฐ์ž์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฐ•์ž์„ฑ์ฒด๋กœ, ์ฝ”์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž์† ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ์ž๊ณ„ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ดํ›„์—” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์žํ™” ๊ณก์„ ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. PSCAD built-in ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„

Fig. 1. Hysteresis loop in PSCAD built-in model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.12.2203/fig1.png

์ฝ”์–ด๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ž์† ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค[18]. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์€ ํฌํ™” ์ž์†์˜ 20%์—์„œ 70% ์‚ฌ์ด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 85%๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[5]. ์ฝ”์–ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ™”๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์˜ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„ ๊ฐœํ˜•์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํฌํ™”๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ ฌ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž๊ตฌ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ ฌ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„๋œ๋‹ค.

2.2 ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ž์† ๋ถ„์„

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์••๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 10๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค[19]. ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ฝ”์–ด ๋‚ด์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์†์ด ์ฝ”์–ด ๋‚ด์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ™” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค[7]. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ •์ „ ํ›„ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์žฌ๊ฐ€์•• ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์šด์ „์—์„œ ์ธ๊ทผ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์••์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฐ€์••ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ €์ „์••์˜ AC ์ „์›์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ํˆฌ์ž… ์‹œ์ ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์†๊ณผ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์„ ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. ๊ฐ€์•• ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋กœ

Fig. 2. Transformer energization equivalent circuit

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.12.2203/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์•• ์ค‘์— ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์† ์ถ”์ • ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ™”๋˜๋ฉด ์žํ™” ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค $L_{M}$์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ $I_{P}$๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„๋œ๋‹ค.

์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ธ $t_{0}$์—์„œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก ๊ถŒ์„ ์— ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ „์•• $v(t)= V\cos(\omega t)$๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์žํ™” ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค $L_{M}$์— ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์ „์•• $u(t)$๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(1)
$u(t)= v(t)- L_{P}\dfrac{d I_{P}(t)}{dt}$

$L_{P}$๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก ๋ˆ„์„ค ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ด์Šค๋กœ, (1)์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ฝ”์–ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์† $\phi(t)$๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(2)

$\phi(t)=\phi_{r}+\dfrac{1}{N}\int_{t_{0}}^{t}u(\tau)d\tau$

$=\phi_{r}+\dfrac{1}{N}\int_{t_{0}}^{t}v(\tau)- L_{P}\dfrac{d I_{P(\tau)}}{d\tau}d\tau$
(3)
$\phi(t)\approx\phi_{r}+\phi_{M}\sin(\omega t)-\phi_{M}\sin(\omega t_{0})$

$\phi_{r}$์€ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†, $N$์€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก ๊ถŒ์„  ์ˆ˜, $\omega$๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, $\phi_{M}= V /(N\omega)$์€ ๊ณต์นญ ํ”ผํฌ ์ž์†์œผ๋กœ (2)์™€ (3)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์•• ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ž์† ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. (3)์—์„œ ํ”ผํฌ ์ž์†์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์••๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ธ $t_{0}$์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์ด ํฌํ™” ์ž์†์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์••์˜ ์ œ๋กœํฌ๋กœ์‹ฑ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์••๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์œ„ํ˜‘๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์†ก์ „์„ ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํƒˆ๋ฝ๋œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žฌํ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์งˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ์— ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, Pre-strike ๋ฐ RDDS ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์†ก์ „์„ ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์žฌํ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ์™„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค.

3. ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋™๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€

๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ค๋น„ ์กฐ์ •, ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED ์žฌ์ •์ • ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ์ด๋ค„์ง„๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์˜ ์ด์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์ฒซ์งธ, ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์˜๋Š” ์ „์•• ๋ณ€๋™, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํƒœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ์˜๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•œ ํ›„, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์••ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž”๋ฅ˜์ž์†์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•จ์—๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์˜์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ชจ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ „์•• ์ „๋ฅ˜๋งŒ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์˜๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์€ IEC 61850 ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์…‹์งธ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ถ”์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ณด๊ฐ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED์˜ ์˜ค๋ถ€๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋„๋กœ์„œ, ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์••ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํŠธ์œˆ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„, ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†, ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ฆ‰ 2๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ •์ •๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋™๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋™๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ ์ˆœ์„œ๋„

Fig. 3. Flowchart of a digital twin to prevent malfunctions in differential protection of power transformers

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์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์‹๋ณ„๋˜๋ฉด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์—์„œ ํŠธ์œˆIED๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ •์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์žฅ IED๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ •์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ฐ€์••์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์•• ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์•• ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋™๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED ์žฌ์ •์ •์ด ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED ์ •์ •๊ฐ’์€ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ •์ •๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์›๋œ๋‹ค.

3.1 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฒ ๋“œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์€ PSCAD, ํŠธ์œˆMU ๋ฐ ํŠธ์œˆIED๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ๋Š” PSCAD๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 4. Digital twin configuration

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๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1, 2์ฐจ์ธก์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ „์•• ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” User-defined Component๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด TCP/IP ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํŠธ์œˆMU์— ์ „์†ก๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠธ์œˆMU๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•œ ํŒจํ‚ท์—์„œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ „์•• ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ SV ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ํ›„, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์„ LAN์— Publishํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ฒ ์ด ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠธ์œˆIED๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น SV ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์„ Subscribeํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋™์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์™€ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.1.1 PSCAD ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” PSCAD์— ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ 154kV, 60Hz ์ „์›์ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก ๊ถŒ์„ ์— ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ , 2์ฐจ์ธก์—๋Š” ์—ญ๋ฅ ์ด 0.95์ธ 20MVA ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ์ธก ์ค‘์„ฑ์ ์€ ์ง์ ‘์ ‘์ง€, 2์ฐจ์ธก์€ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ด์Šค ์ ‘์ง€๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์‹œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ์ธก์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1 ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ

Table 1 Simulation system parameters

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.12.2203/tb1.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. PSCAD ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต

Fig. 5. PSCAD circuit for simulation

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3.1.2 ํŠธ์œˆMU

๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ํŠธ์œˆMU๋Š” ์Šค์œ„์น˜์•ผ๋“œ ํŠธ์œˆ ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ๋ฒ ์ด ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด ํŠธ์œˆIED ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ „์•• ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹ ๋‚ด์—์„œ TCTR ๋ฐ TVTR๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ Logical Node๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํ›„, ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋‹น 80๊ฐœ์˜ SV๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋ฒ„์Šค์— Publish๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํŠธ์œˆMU๋Š” Ubuntu OS์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ IEC 61850-9-2 ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.1.3 ํŠธ์œˆIED

ํŠธ์œˆIED๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋ฒ„์Šค์˜ SV๋ฅผ Subscribeํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠธ์œˆMU ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €์žฅ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด 15% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด๋ฉด GOOSE ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ Publishํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ์œˆIED๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ Ubuntu OS์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค.

3.2 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ ๊ตฌ๋™

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ฝ”์–ด ๋‚ด์˜ ์ž์†์€ ํŠธ์œˆIED๊ฐ€ (2)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์‚ฐ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ A์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์œ„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์† ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์ด 0.6, -0.1, -0.5 pu๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋  ๋•Œ, SV ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ Publish๋œ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜• ๋ฐ ํŽ˜์ด์ € ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์— ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ ธ ํฌํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์—์„œ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ Dwell time์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„๋Œ€์‹ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ Dwell time ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์งง์•„ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Dwell time ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6. ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ํŽ˜์ด์ € ํฌ๊ธฐ

Fig. 6. Inrush current and phasor magnitude

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.12.2203/fig6.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ž์† ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ž์†์˜ ์ตœ์†Ÿ๊ฐ’ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์˜ ์ง€์ ์€ Dwell time์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•, ์ž์†, Dwell time ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์••์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7. 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ž์† ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

Fig. 7. Second-harmonic content and flux relation

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4. ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์••๋˜๊ณ ๋‚œ ํ›„, ์ฐจ๋™์ „๋ฅ˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํŠธ์œˆIED์— ์„ค์ •๋œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด GOOSE ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ Publish๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ์˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋ชจ์˜์—์„œ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‹ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ Dwell time ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด A์ƒ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์† ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์€ 0.85 pu๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐฉ์ง€/์–ต์ œ ์„ค์ •์น˜๋Š” 15%, ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์š”์†Œ์ธ ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ์ธก์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ •๊ทœํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘๊ณผ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 8. Differential protection result of first scenario

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.12.2203/fig8.png

4.1 ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค

์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ 0ยฐ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์••๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ 2์ฐจ์ธก ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 1์ฐจ์ธก ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์—ญ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํ†ต์ „ ์‹œ ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š” 15% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์••๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ A์ƒ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†๊ณผ 0ยฐ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์ ธ A์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‘ ์ƒ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ํ”ผํฌ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, A์ƒ์—์„œ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์Œ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด Dwell time ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ด B, C์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์งง์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ

Fig. 9. Tr. current and CB status in the first scenario

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.12.2203/fig9.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10. ํŠธ์œˆIED GOOSE ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€

Fig. 10. GOOSE message of TwinIED

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.12.2203/fig10.png

ํŠธ์œˆIED๋Š” ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” Logical Node์ธ PTRC์—์„œ Data Object์ธ Op๊ณผ Data Attribute์ธ general๋กœ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” CBM IED๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ Publish๋œ GOOSE ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

CBM IED๋Š” ํŠธ์œˆIED์˜ GOOSE ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ PTRC.ST.Op.general ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ PSCAD์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.

4.2 ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก์˜ ์†ก์ „์„ ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žฌํ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌํ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ชจ์˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์žฌํ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ 2์ดˆ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 11. Protection result of second scenario

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.12.2203/fig11.png

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด 15% ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12์—์„œ ๋‘ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์••ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ์›์ธ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12. ๋‘ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Fig. 12. Transition of second-harmonic content in both scenarios

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๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์žํ™”์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค $L_{M}$์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ $L_{M}$๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ •์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์—ญ๋ฅ , ์žฌํ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜ค์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์–ด 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด 15%์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ทœ์†Œ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‹ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฌํ™” ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ B-H ์ปค๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, 10% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED ์ •์ •์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์—ญ ์„ค์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹๋ณ„์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž„์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED ์žฌ์ •์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13. ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ A, C์ƒ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰

Fig. 13. Second-harmonic content of A and C phases depending on switching instance

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.12.2203/fig13.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์—์„œ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ A, C์ƒ์˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. A์ƒ๊ณผ C์ƒ์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์€ 0.85, -0.75 pu๋กœ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํžˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šค ๊ณก์„ ์—์„œ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฌํ™” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ์ƒ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. -90ยฐ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ C์ƒ์€ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ „์•• ์ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํฌํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง์—๋„ ์ฐจ๋™์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, 3์ƒ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฝ”์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‘ ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†๊ณผ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํฌํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ 3์ƒ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธIED์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, A์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์†๊ณผ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— B, C์ƒ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ โ€“90ยฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 90ยฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ A์ƒ์˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ •์ •๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐ€์•• ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 60ยฐ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” C์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 3์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ต์ œ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋™์ž‘์ „๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ 9๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 2 Simulation results for a un-loaded condition scenario

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.12.2203/tb2.png

ํ‘œ 3 ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 3 Simulation results for a on-loaded condition scenario

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ํ‘œ 2์™€ ํ‘œ 3์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ณ„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ตœ์†Ÿ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED์˜ ์ •์ •๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์˜ค๋ถ€๋™์ž‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„๋Œ€์‹ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ตฌ์‹ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐฉ์ง€/์–ต์ œ ์ •์ •๊ฐ’์„ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‹ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ •๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋ฉด ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•ด์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐ€์••๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋งŒ ์ž„์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ •๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ •๊ฐ’์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—๋„ ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์•• ์‹œ์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์† ๋ฐ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธ IED๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ •์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์••์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉด ์ •์ •๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋™ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ˜„๋Œ€์‹ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” 2์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž ์žฌ์  ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์••๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํŠธ์œˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Korea Electric Power Corporation (grant number R23XO05-07).

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์œค์„ฑ๋ฏผ(Seong-Min Yoon)
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He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Myongji University, South Korea, in 2023. He is currently pursuing the M.S. degree in smart energy protection and automation laboratory at Myongji University. His main research interests are Power System Protection, Control and Automation.

PENG Y. LAK
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He received the B.S. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from the Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC), Phnom Penh, Cambodia, in 2020. He is currently pursuing the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Myongji University. His research interest includes the Protection, Control and Automation of Power System.

๋‚จ์ˆœ์—ด(Soon-Ryul Nam)
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He received the B.S, M.S and Ph.D degree in electrical engineering from the Seoul National University, South Korea in 1996, 1998, and 2002. Currently, he is Professor of electrical engineering at Myonji University and interests include Power System Protection, Control and Automation.