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Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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  • ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ด์—ฐํ•ฉํšŒ
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  1. (Electric Machine and Drive Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Republic of Korea. / Dept. of Energy Conversion Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea. E-mail : leejg@keri.re.kr )
  2. (Electric Machine and Drive Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Republic of Korea. E-mail : yhjeong@keri.re.kr )
  3. (Dept. Special Motor Design Team, Hyosung Heavy Industries Corporation, Republic of Korea. E-mail : kkduck@hyosung.com, pih78@hyosung.com)



Anisotrophy material, CoFe material, Non-Halbach/Halbach array, SSDR type AFPM

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋™์‹ ํŒŒ์›ŒํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ €์† ๊ณ ํ† ํฌ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ง๊ตฌ๋™ (DD : Direct-Drive) ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ณ ์†์ „๋™๊ธฐ-๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ์†๊ธฐ์–ด(๋™๋ ฅ์ „๋‹ฌ์žฅ์น˜)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ง๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ํฐ ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์–ด์ ธ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ „๋™๊ธฐ-๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ์†๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ณ ์†์ €ํ† ํฌ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ์†๊ธฐ์–ด๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋น„ ๋งŒํผ ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์†Œํ˜•ํ™”์™€ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์†Œ์Œ์ง„๋™ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ ‘์ด‰ ๊ตฌ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ชจ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์šด๋™์ฒด์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ณ ์†์ „๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ์†๊ธฐ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ „๋™์‹ ํŒŒ์›ŒํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ง„๋™/์†Œ์Œ/์ „์ž๊ธฐ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜์š”์ธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ง๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์†์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ž์† (Radial flux) ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ•ญ ์ž์† (Axial flux) ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ž์† ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ง๊ฒฝ์€ ํฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์œ ๊ธฐ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ ํ† ํฌ์™€ ๋†’์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ AFPM (Axial Flux Permanent Magnet) ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”๋ฅด์„ธ๋ฐ์Šค-๋ฒค์ธ  ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด AFPM ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…์ธ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ YASA (Yokeless And Segment Armature) ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๋ฉด์ ์ธ ์ „๊ธฐํ™” ์ „๋žต์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹น์žฅ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Mercedes-AMG ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์–‘์‚ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์š”ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„ํ• ๋œ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ† ํฌ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ, ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์—ฌ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์นœํ™”์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ €๋น„์šฉ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹ญkW๊ธ‰ (์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ๋Œ€์™ธ๋น„) AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์šด๋™์ฒด์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค [1]. ์ง๊ตฌ๋™ AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 3์ƒ/6์ƒ ๊ตฌ๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ทน์ˆ˜ ์Šฌ๋กฏ์ˆ˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 3์ฐจ์› ์ „์ž๊ณ„ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์š”๊ตฌํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3์ฐจ์› ํ•ด์„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•ด์„์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 1/2๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์š”๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ (์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ, ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„)์™€ ์ง๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์••์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด (Halbach array) ๋ฐ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰ ์œ ๋ฌด ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค [2].

2. AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„

AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค‘์šด๋™์ฒด์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์ค‘ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด๋ฉฐ, SSDR (Single Stator Double Rotor) ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 3์ƒ/6์ƒ ๊ตฌ๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ทน์ˆ˜ ์Šฌ๋กฏ์ˆ˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ค‘ ๊ทน์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ (10๊ทน 12์Šฌ๋กฏ, 12๊ทน 72์Šฌ๋กฏ, 14๊ทน 12์Šฌ๋กฏ ๋“ฑ)์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์ž‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์Šฌ๋กฏ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” 2๊ฐœ ์กฐํ•ฉ (10๊ทน 12์Šฌ๋กฏ, 14๊ทน 12์Šฌ๋กฏ)์ค‘ ๊ทน์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ 14๊ทน 12์Šฌ๋กฏ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์„ฑ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ •์ž์˜ ์ ์šฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ (์ด๋ฐฉ์„ฑ) ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ๊ณผ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ N48 ๋„ค์˜ค๋””๋ฎด ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด AFPM๊ณผ RFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทน์ˆ˜์™€ ์ง๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ ๊ธธ์ด๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ† ํฌ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค [3]. AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ํด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฆ‰ 0.8 ์ดํ•˜์ผ ๋•Œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, 0.3 ์ดํ•˜์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ทน์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ† ํฌ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทน์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ œ์–ด์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ทน์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2.1 ์ˆ˜์ค‘์šด๋™์ฒด ๋ฐ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”์„ค๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์–‘

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 3์ƒ/6์ƒ ๊ตฌ๋™, ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด ์œ ๋ฌด, ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, ์ œ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 14๊ทน 12์Šฌ๋กฏ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ 1์— AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ทน์ˆ˜ ์Šฌ๋กฏ์ˆ˜, ๊ณต๊ทน ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌ์–‘๊ณผ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ฑ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ด๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ(23PHD085), ํšŒ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋“ฑ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ(20PNF1200)์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์‹œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์†์‹ค์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์—ด ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์„ N48UH (100โ„ƒ)๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. ํ• ๋ฐ•/๋น„ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ (3์ฐจ์› 1/2 ๋ชจ๋ธ)

Fig. 1. Halbach/Non-Halbach array AFPM Motor (3-D 1/2 model)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2025.74.3.432/fig1.png

ํ‘œ 1 AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์–‘ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

Table 1 Specifications and used material of AFPM motor

Item

Value

No. of phase

3/6

Pole-Slot Combination

10-12/14-12

Mechanical airgap (mm)

1

Stator, Rotor core

23PHD085, 20PNF1200,

VACOFLUX 48

Magnet

N48UH (100โ„ƒ)

2.2 AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹

์ „๊ธฐ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ทน-์Šฌ๋กฏ ์ˆ˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 6์ƒ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ (10๊ทน 12์Šฌ๋กฏ, 12๊ทน 72์Šฌ๋กฏ, 14๊ทน 12์Šฌ๋กฏ ๋“ฑ)์ค‘ ์Šฌ๋กฏ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ 14๊ทน 12์Šฌ๋กฏ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ๊ทน์ˆ˜-์Šฌ๋กฏ์ˆ˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€

(1a)
Ns/(mร—T)โˆˆ์ •์ˆ˜

๋˜๋Š”,

(1b)
Ns/(2ร—mร—T)โˆˆ์ •์ˆ˜

์ด๋ฉฐ (์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, Ns๋Š” ์Šฌ๋กฏ์ˆ˜, m์€ ์ƒ์ˆ˜, T๋Š” ๊ทน์Œ์ˆ˜์™€ ์Šฌ๋กฏ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ณต์•ฝ์ˆ˜), ์ƒ๊ฐ„ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ ๋‹ค ์ƒ์€ ์‹ (1a)๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  Dual 3์ƒ(6์ƒ)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ ๋‹ค ์ƒ์€ ์‹ (1b)๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 ๊ทน์ˆ˜-์Šฌ๋กฏ์ˆ˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 6์ƒ ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜

Table 2 Winding factor of dual 3-phase windings according to pole-pairs and slot number

Ns

2Np

12

18

24

36

10

0.966

ร—

0.958

0.975

12

ร—

ร—

ร—

ร—

14

0.966

ร—

0.958

0.956

16

ร—

ร—

ร—

ร—

18

ร—

ร—

ร—

ร—

20

ร—

ร—

0.966

ร—

์Šฌ๋กฏ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ๊ฐ ์ƒ ์ฝ”์ผ์˜ ๋„์ฒด ๋ถ„ํฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ[4,5], 6์ƒ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ทน์ˆ˜-์Šฌ๋กฏ์ˆ˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 6์ƒ ์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 3์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 6์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋งŒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์ƒ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ทน-์Šฌ๋กฏ ์ˆ˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ ์„ ์ • ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. ๋‹ค์ƒ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ทน-์Šฌ๋กฏ ์ˆ˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ ์„ ์ • ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค

Fig. 2. Pole-Slot combination selection of multiphase motor

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2025.74.3.432/fig2.png

AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[6].

(2)
P_{out}=\dfrac{1}{1+K_{ฯ•}}\dfrac{m}{m_{1}}\dfrac{\pi}{2}B_{g}A\dfrac{f}{p}\eta K_{e}K_{i}K_{p}K_{L}\left(1-\lambda^{2}\right)\left(\dfrac{1+\lambda}{2}\right)D_{o}^{2}L_{e}
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ,

ํ‘œ 3 ์ˆ˜์‹ (2)์˜ ์„ค๋ช…

Table 3 Description of the equation (2)

๊ธฐํ˜ธ

๋‹จ์œ„

์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ’

๋ช…์นญ

Kั„

-

1.0

์ „๊ธฐ์žฅํ•˜ ๋น„์œจ(Ar/As)

m

-

3

์ƒ์ˆ˜

m1

-

3

๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ •์ž์˜ ์ƒ์ˆ˜(ํ•œ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ์ •์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—)

Bg

T

0.8โˆผ1.0

๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„

A

A/m

50ร—103

์ด ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅํ•˜(As+Ar)

f

Hz

583

์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜

p

-

5, 7

๊ทน์Œ์ˆ˜

ฮท

-

0.92

ํšจ์œจ(<1.0)

Ke

-

ฯ€

๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ์ž๊ทน๋น„์˜ ๊ณฑ

์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•๊ณ„์ˆ˜ (Ki), ์ „๋ ฅ ํŒŒํ˜•๊ณ„์ˆ˜ (Kp), AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ํšจ๊ธธ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™ธ์ธก๋ฉด ์ง๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋น„์œจ (KL), ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅํ•˜ (As), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‚ด์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ ์™ธ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ ๋น„์œจ (ฮป)์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.

(3a)
K _{i}=\dfrac{I _{pk}}{I _{{s}}}, K _{p}=\dfrac{1}{T}\int_{0}^{T}\dfrac{e(t)i(t)}{E _{pk}I _{pk}}dt, K_{L}=\dfrac{D_{o}}{L_{e}}
(3b)
A_{s}=2m_{1}N_{ph}\dfrac{I_{{s}}}{\pi D_{g}}, \lambda =\dfrac{D_{o}}{D_{i}}

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ,

ํ‘œ 4 ์ˆ˜์‹ (3)์˜ ์„ค๋ช…

Table 4 Description of the equation (3)

๊ธฐํ˜ธ

๋‹จ์œ„

์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ’

๋ช…์นญ

Ipk

A

155.6

์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’

Irms

A

110

์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹คํšจ๊ฐ’

e(t)

V

430

์œ ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ „๋ ฅ

i(t)

A

155.6

์ „๋ฅ˜

Epk

V

430

๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ธฐ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’

Nph

-

44

์ƒ๋‹น ์ง๋ ฌ ํ„ด์ˆ˜

Dg

m

135

ํ‰๊ท  ๊ณต๊ทน ์ง๊ฒฝ

Do

m

200

๊ณ ์ •์ž ์™ธ์ธก ์ง๊ฒฝ

Di

m

70

๊ณ ์ •์ž ๋‚ด์ธก ์ง๊ฒฝ

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” TORUS ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ „์ž๊ธฐ ํ† ํฌ (Te)๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ (2)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ๋‹ค[6,7].

(4)
T_{e}=\dfrac{\pi}{4}B_{g}K_{i}K_{p}A_{s}\left(1-\lambda^{2}\right)\left(\dfrac{1+\lambda}{2}\right)D_{o}^{3}

๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ (2)์™€ (4)๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‚ด์ธก๊ณผ ์™ธ์ธก ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅํ•˜, ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅํ•˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์„ฑ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋„ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.3 ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„

์ˆ˜์‹ญkW๊ธ‰ AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด SSDR ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ 3์ƒ/6์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ 14๊ทน 12์Šฌ๋กฏ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ํ• ๋ฐ•/๋น„ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ 3์ฐจ์› 1/2 ํ•ด์„๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์ด ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฉ์ž๋œ ๋น„ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐฉ์ž ๋ฐ ์›์ฃผ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ฐฉ์ž๋œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์ด ๊ต๋ฒˆ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ถ€์— ์ž์†์„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ทน๋ถ€์— ์ž์†์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ํšŒ์ „์ž ๋ฐฑ์ฝ”์–ด ์ธก ์ž์† ์ €๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”์–ด์˜ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[8,9].

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. ํ• ๋ฐ•/๋น„ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ

Fig. 3. Flux density distribution of Halbach/Non-Halbach array AFPM motor

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2025.74.3.432/fig3-1.png

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2025.74.3.432/fig3-2.png

2.4 ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋น„๊ต

์ˆ˜์‹ญkW๊ธ‰ AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์žฌ๋ฃŒ (23PHD085, 20PNF1200, VACOFLUX 48)์˜ BH์ปค๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[8]. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ฒ ์†์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋“ฑ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ์ธ ํฌ์Šค์ฝ” 20PNF1500, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ์ธ 23PHD085์™€ ๊ณ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ฝ”๋ฐœํŠธ ์ฒ ์‹ฌ์ธ VACOFLUX 48์„ ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์ฝ”์–ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5 (a)๋Š” ์•ฝ OOkW ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ† ํฌ์™€ ์š”๊ตฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ณ„ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์ฝ”์–ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ ์šฉ VACOFLUX48, 23PHD085 ๋ฐ 20PNF1500 ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ B-H ์ปค๋ธŒ

Fig. 4. B-H curve of electrical steel

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2025.74.3.432/fig4.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. ๊ณ ์ •์ž 3์ข… ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋น„๊ต (ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด, ํ„ด์ˆ˜ 11ํ„ด(11.46mฮฉ))

Fig. 5. Various performance comparison according to change stator thress materials (11 turn(11.46mฮฉ), Halbach array)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2025.74.3.432/fig5-1.png

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2025.74.3.432/fig5-2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5 (b)๋Š” ์š”๊ตฌ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋™์†๊ณผ ์†Œ์žฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์† ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ 23PHD085, VACOFLUX48 ๋ฐ 20PNF1500 ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5 (c)๋Š” ์„ ๊ฐ„์ „์•• ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์ „์›์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์•ฝ 15%์ด์ƒ ๋งˆ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ์ธ 23PHD085๊ฐ€ ๋” ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „์ฒด ํšจ์œจ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ์ธ 23PHD085๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

2.5 ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ/๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋น„๊ต

๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ (D155/D165)๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™” (450Vdc/600Vdc)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ 2์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ 155mm์—์„œ 165mm๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‹œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ 450Vdc์™€ 600Vdc๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํ„ด์ˆ˜๋„ 11ํ„ด๊ณผ 16ํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์˜ ํ•ด์„์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ ์šฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” 20PNF1500์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‘๊ณ  ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ„ด์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ „์••์ œํ•œ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6 (a)๋Š” ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ† ํฌ์™€ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์••์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์•• ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6 (b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํšจ์œจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์••์ด ๋” ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ„ด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6 (c)๋Š” ์„ ๊ฐ„์ „์•• ํ”ผํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์ „์›์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋งˆ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6. ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ/๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋น„๊ต (๋น„ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด, ํ„ด์ˆ˜ 11ํ„ด(11.19mฮฉ)/16ํ„ด(23.88mฮฉ))

Fig. 6. Various performance comparison according to change outer diameter/battery voltage (Non-Halbach array, 11 turn/16 turn)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2025.74.3.432/fig6.png

2.6 ํ• ๋ฐ• ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„๊ต

์•ž์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์„ ํ• ๋ฐ• ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ• ๋ฐ• ๋ฐฐ์—ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ œ์ž‘์ƒ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํšจ์œจ์€ ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด์ด ๋น„ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 2%๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์••์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ํฐ ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ• ๋ฐ•๋ฐฐ์—ด ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšจ์œจ๊ณผ ์—ญ๋ฅ ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์š”๊ตฌํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7. ํ• ๋ฐ• ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋น„๊ต (ํ„ด์ˆ˜ 11ํ„ด)

Fig. 7. Various performance comparison according to change Halbach array/Non-Halbach array (11 turn)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2025.74.3.432/fig7.png

2.7 ๊ณ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ PM overhang ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„๊ต

์•ž์„  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์„ ํ• ๋ฐ• ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์ฝ”์–ด๋Š” ์ด๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ์ธ 23PHD085์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ์„ 165mm๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์••์„ 600Vdc๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ

Fig. 8. Rotor overhang models of AFPM electric motor

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2025.74.3.432/fig8.png

ํ‘œ 5 AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์–‘ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ

Table 5 Specifications and used material of AFPM motor

Description

Rated point

No

overhang

PM

overhang

PM+core

overhang

Outer diameter (overhang diameter) (mm)

ฯ†165(ฯ†177)

Torque@ripple (Nm@%)

107

@6.67

107

@7.62

106

@8.21

Current (Arms)

121

109

107

Current density

(Arms/mm2)

12.63

11.19

10.98

Line-Line Voltage

(Vpeak/Vrms)

535/346

507/350

520/353

Efficiency (%)

95.18

95.2

95.13

Total loss (W)

2,844

2,831

2,877

Copper (AC/DC)

(ยญ//1,084)

(ยญ//852)

(ยญ//820)

PM (N48UH)

+Rotor core (20PNF1500)

853

1,028

1,076

Iron (23PHD085)

907

951

981

Resistance (mฮฉ))

23.88

Phase inductance (mH)

0.384

Torque constant

(Nm/Arms)

0.88

0.98

0.99

Bemf constant

(VLL_0-peak/krpm)

80.8

85.2

86

Total weight (kg)

10.48

11.09

11.63

- Copper (kg)

2.36

2.36

2.36

- PM (N48UH) (kg)

2.40

3.01

3.01

- Rotor core

(20PNF1500) (kg)

2.13

2.13

2.67

- Iron (23PHD085) (kg)

3.59

3.59

3.59

Power density (kW/kg)

5.35

5.05

4.78

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9. ํšŒ์ „์ž ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ

Fig. 9. Flux density distribution of rotor overhang models

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2025.74.3.432/fig9.png

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ž์† ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰ (overhang) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ž์† ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰์€ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์ด ๋‚ด๊ฒฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์™ธ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰ (๊ธฐ์กด ์™ธ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์•ฝ 7.27% ์ฆ๊ฐ€) ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‘œ 5์— ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰ (์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„, ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„+์ฝ”์–ด ์™ธ๊ฒฝ ์ฆ๊ฐ€)์ด ์ ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋™์ผ ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์†Œ์š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ† ํฌ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™์† ์ €๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์—ด ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ† ํฌ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ „ 2.4~2.6์ ˆ์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰ ๋ฏธ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ด ์•ฝ 2~3% ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰ (์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„, ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„+์ฝ”์–ด)์˜ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํšจ์œจ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋ฐ€๋„๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„๋งŒ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰ 2๊ฐœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ถ„ํฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํšŒ์ „์ž ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ž์†๋ฒกํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ •์ž๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฐ์ง• ํšจ๊ณผ (fringing effect)๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅํ•˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ํšจ์œจํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œํ˜• ๊ณ ์† ์ˆ˜์ค‘์šด๋™์ฒด์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ•ด์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ• ๋ฐ•/๋น„ํ• ๋ฐ• ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ SSDR ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ AFPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ตœ์™ธ๊ฒฝ/๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 3์ฐจ์› ์ „์ž๊ณ„ ํ•ด์„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ (๊ฐ•ํŒ, ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„)์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ์ „์ž ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ–‰์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅํ•˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ํšจ์œจํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์‹œ์ œ์ž‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2023๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€(๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฌ์—…์ฒญ)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„. (KRIT- CT-23-034)

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ํ™๋„๊ด€(Do-Kwan Hong)
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has been with the Electric Machine and Drive Research Center of Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), as a Principal Researcher. He received a Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from Dong-A University in 2004. His research interests include design, optimization, multiphysics performance analysis, and experimental validation of the performance of high-speed, high-torque and high-power machines for a variety of industrial applications and all-electric propulsion applications, such as non-contact coaxial magnetic gears for Contra-Rotating Proellers and electrically driven machines. Since 2015, he has been a professor with the Electric Energy Conversion Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Changwon

์ด์žฌ๊ธธ(Jae-Gil Lee)
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has been working at the Electric Machines and Drives Research Center of Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) Changwon, South Korea. He received a Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Seoul National University in 2020. From 2020 to 2021, he was with the Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Bucheon, South Korea, as a postdoctoral researcher. His recent research interests include analysis and optimal design of electrical machines for electric propulsion systems. Since 2024, he has been an assistant professor with the Electric Energy Conversion Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Changwon

์ •์—ฐํ˜ธ(Yeon-Ho Jeong)
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has been with the Electric Machine and Drive Research Center of Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), as a Principal Researcher. He received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Chungnam national university in 2007. His recent research interest is design and development of an electrical machine with high-power density and multi-phase for an electric ship and aerial vehicle propulsion.

๊น€๊ด‘๋• (Kwang-Deok Kim)
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has been with the Special Motor Design Team of Hyosung heavy industries corporation, South Korea. He received a Masterโ€™s degree in department of electrical and computer engineering from Sungkyunkwan University in 2013. His research interests is design and development of an electric machine with high-power density for an electric propulsion systems.

๋ฐ•์ผํ™˜(Il-Hwan Park)
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has been with the Special Motor Design Team of Hyosung heavy industries corporation, South Korea. He received a Masterโ€™s degree in electrical engineering from Pusan National University, South Korea in 2010. His recent research interests include the design optimization and analysis of permanent magnet machines for electric propulsion systems.