National Fire Agency, National Fire Information System, “Analysis of Fire Trends from 2014 to 2023,” 2024.

Uzair M, Abbas G, Hosain S. “Characteristics of Battery Management Systems of Electric Vehicles with Consideration of the Active and Passive Cell Balancing Process,” World Electric Vehicle Journal, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 120-158, 2021.

H. Chaoui, and C. C. Ibe-Ekeocha, “State of charge and state of health estimation for lithium batteries using recurrent neural networks,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 10, pp. 8773-8783, 2017.

M. C. Jung, J. M. Kim, D. H. Tae, and D. S. Rho, “Operation Algorithm of Battery Management System for Li-ion Battery Considering Self-energy Balancing Phenomenon,” Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 1443-1451, 2021.

M. Daowd, N. Omar, P. Van Den Bossche, and J. Van Mierlo, “Passive and active battery balancing comparison based on MATLAB simulation,” 2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, pp. 1-7, 2011.

Z. B. Omariba, L. Zhang, D. Sun, “Review of Battery Cell Balancing Methodologies for Optimizing Battery Pack Performance in Electric Vehicles,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 129335-129352, Sep. 2019.

Rae-Young Kim, “Development Trends of Cell Balancing Technology for Lithium-Ion Batteries,” The KIPE Magazine, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 38-44, 2014.

Elektro-Automatik Ltd, Application Note, Using Bidirectional Programmable DC Power Supplies for Battery Testing.

Elektro-Automatik Ltd,, EA-PSB 9000 3U Datasheet.