Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions P of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers

  1. (Smart Power Distribution Laboratory, KEPCO Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea.)



Digital grid power router(DGPR), Multi microgrid, Back to back(BTB), Bidirectional converter, Grid utilization rate, Surplus power

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ์šด์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์šด์˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ค‘์•™ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ˜• ์†ก๋ฐฐ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ํƒˆํ”ผํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ด‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(1). ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š” ๊ธ‰์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ตœ์  ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(2,3). ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ์‹œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์™€ ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(4). ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์ƒ์‹œ์—๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์šด์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์— ๋ฌด์ •์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‹ค(5,6). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ, ์บ ํผ์Šค, ๊ตฐ๋ถ€๋Œ€ ๋“ฑ์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ด์œค ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค(7). ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ(์„ฌ, ์‚ฌ๋ง‰, ๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ)์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์™€ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ๋‹ค(8-10).

์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „, ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›(DG)์ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์••์ƒ์Šน์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(11). ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ๋ฏธํ™œ์šฉ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ, ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ œํ•œ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์šด์˜ํšจ์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(12). ์ œ์ฃผ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ์ž‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†กยท๋ฐฐ์ „์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์ด์šฉ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 100kW ์ด์ƒ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ์‹œ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ด์šฉ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐœ์ „์›์˜ ๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(13).

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์••์ƒ์Šน ์–ต์ œ, ๋ฏธํ™œ์šฉ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์œตํ†ต, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์šด์˜ํšจ์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋“ฑ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(14-16). ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋œ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„œ๋ธŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „๋ ฅ์ค‘๊ณ„ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ์ข…๋‹จ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต ๋ฐ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ค‘๊ณ„ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ MG๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถ€๋‹ด ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ MG๊ฐ„ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹  ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค(17). ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ • ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž๋ฆฝ๋ฅ  ์ƒ์Šน ๋ฐ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ณด๊ธ‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ธ์ ‘ MG๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์••๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์ „๋ ฅ์†์‹ค๊ฐ์†Œ, ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ž๋™์ ˆ์ฒด๋กœ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ Plug&play ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ P2P ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋กœ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ž์› ์ค‘๊ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…์— ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค(18). ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ค‘๊ณ„ ์žฅ์น˜(Digital Grid Power Router, ์ดํ•˜ DGPR)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์šด์˜์ค‘์ธ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ™•์žฅ ์šด์˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ๋น„๋™๊ธฐ์‹ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, DGPR ๋น„์ƒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ง€๋ฝ, ๋‹จ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€์‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ๋‚ด์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์„ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ(Cluster)๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šด์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ์šด์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ฏธํ™œ์šฉ ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚ด ์ž์ฒด์ƒ์‚ฐยท์†Œ๋น„๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ œ์–ด ์ž์œ ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋„

Fig. 1. Block diagram of the Digital grid

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2021.70.2.076/fig1.png

2.1 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ BTB(Back to back) ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ์ข…๋‹จ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ(ACโ†’DC), ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ(DCโ†’AC)๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ์ค‘๊ณ„ ์žฅ์น˜(DGPR)๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค(19). DGPR ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ 22.9kV์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ „์ „์••์„ DGPR๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ kW๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์ €์••์šฉ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ(ACB)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. DGPR์€ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ AC ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋‹จ์ž์™€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ DC ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋‹จ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. AC ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋‹จ์ž๋Š” AC 22.9kV ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„, DC ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋‹จ์ž๋Š” DC 750V ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค. DGPR์€ ์ƒ์œ„์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง€๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ์œ„์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” DGPR์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. DC ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ๋‹จ์€ ์ž๋™ ๊ฐœํ์šฉ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ, ๊ณผ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ“จ์ฆˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ์ „์••, ๊ณผ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ €์ „์••, ๊ณผ์—ด ๋“ฑ ๋น„์ƒ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ค‘๊ณ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

Fig. 2. System of power router on digital grid

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2.2 DGPR ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

DGPR์€ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์ „๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(20). ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 4๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์šด์ „๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ AC๋ฅผ DC๋กœ ์ •๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šด์ „๋ชจ๋“œ 2๊ฐ€์ง€์™€ DC๋ฅผ AC๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šด์ „๋ชจ๋“œ 2๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ DC 750V์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ DCCV(Direct Current Constant Voltage)์ด๋ฉฐ, DGPR์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „์••์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋•Œ, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” Master๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์œตํ†ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ DCCP(Direct Current Constant Voltage)์ด๋ฉฐ, DGPR์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋•Œ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” Slave๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ACCP(Alternate Current Constant Power)์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”(PLL)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ •์ „, ์ „์› ํƒˆ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ ๋น„์ƒ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์šด์ „ ๋ชจ๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ, DGPR์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ CVCF(Constant Voltage Constant Frequency)๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ค‘๊ณ„์žฅ์น˜ 3๊ธฐ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, Master 1๊ธฐ์™€ Slave 2๊ธฐ๋กœ Master-slave๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ค‘๊ณ„ ์žฅ์น˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ํšŒ๋กœ

Fig. 3. Power circuit of digital grid power router

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ํ‘œ 1. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ค‘๊ณ„ ์žฅ์น˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋“œ

Table 1. Control mode of digital grid power router

Control mode

Current

Direction

Description

DCCV

AC to DC

Digital grid voltage control

DCCP

AC to DC

Digital grid power control

ACCP

DC to AC

Grid-connected control

CVCF

DC to AC

Stand-alone grid control

3. DGPR ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

3.1 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„

DGPR์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ƒ์„ธํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ DGPR์€ 3์ƒ AC ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋‹จ์ž์— DC-Link ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ถฉ์ „ํšŒ๋กœ(CHR), ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ(ACC), ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ(ACL)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ DGPR์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” 2-level ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ „๋ ฅํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด์Šค์œ„์น˜ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. DGPR์˜ DC ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋‹จ์ž๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ DC- Link ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ DGPR์˜ DC-Link๋Š” DC๋ถ„์ „๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค. DGPR์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰($P_{\text {rated_PCS }}$)์€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋‚ด ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰($\Sigma P_{DG}$)์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ €๋ถ€ํ•˜($P_{\text {base_load }}$)๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ , DGPR์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋งŒํผ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(1)
$$ P_{\text {rated_PCS }}=\sum P_{D G}-P_{\text {base_load }} $$

3.1.1 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „์••

์ตœ๊ทผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„๊ทœ์ •(KEC)๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ DC ์ „์••์„ 750V์—์„œ 1.5kV๋กœ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ „์€ LVDC ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ”์ดํด ยฑ750V์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ „์••์€ DC 750V๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „์••๋ณ€๋™๋ฅ ์€ 10%์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.1.2 ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด

DGPR์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AC์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ DC๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด๋Š” IGBT๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. IGBT์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์‹(2)์™€ ์‹(3)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ IGBT ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(2)
$V_{\text {CE_rated }}=\left[\left(V_{dc}\times\triangle V_{\text {dc_max}}\right)+\delta_{CB}\right]\times\eta$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $V_{\text {CE_rated }}$๋Š” IGBT์˜ C-E๊ฐ„ ์ „์••์ •๊ฒฉ, $\triangle V_{dc"_{"\max}}$๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ DC-Link์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „์••๋ณ€๋™๋ฅ , $\delta_{CB}$๋Š” DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€์ „์••, $\eta$๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ ์—ฌ์œ ์œจ์ด๋‹ค.

(3)
$I_{\text{C_rated}}=\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}\times\dfrac{P_{\text {pcs_rated}}}{V_{LL}}\right)\times\triangle i_{\text {a_max}}\times N_{m}\times\eta$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $I_{\text {C_rated}}$๋Š” IGBT์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜, $V_{LL}$์€ AC ์„ ๊ฐ„์ „์••, $\triangle i_{\text {a_max}}$๋Š” DGPR ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์œจ, $N_{m}$์€ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜, $\eta$๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ ์—ฌ์œ ์œจ์ด๋‹ค.

3.1.3 AC ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ

AC ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ๋‹จ์— ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ•„ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์ „์•• ์Šน์••์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , pu ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.

(4)
$I_{\text {ACL_rated}}=i_{a}=\dfrac{P_{\text {pcs_reated}}}{\sqrt{3}\times V_{LL}}$

์ •๊ฒฉ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ pu ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋Š” ์‹(5)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(5)
$Z_{pu}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\times V_{LL}^{2}}{P_{\text {pcs_rated}}}$

(6)
$Z_{ACL}=Z_{pu}\times\%Z_{ACL}$

(7)
$L_{ACL}=\dfrac{Z_{ACL}}{2\pi f_{0}}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $f_{0}$๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, $Z_{pu}$๋Š” pu ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค, %$Z_{ACL}$์€ %์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 12%๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‘๋‹ตํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์›ํ™œํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.1.4 AC ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ

AC ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์•• ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „์••์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. AC ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „์••์€ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ๋ณ€๋™ ์˜ค์ฐจ์œจ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹(8)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(8)
$V_{\text {ACC_rated}}=V_{LL}\times\eta$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $V_{\text {ACC_rated}}$๋Š” AC ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „์••์ด๋ฉฐ, $\eta$๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ ์—ฌ์œ ์œจ์ด๋‹ค. AC ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค๋Š” ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ์™€ ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(9)
$2\pi(kf_{0})L_{ACL}=\dfrac{1}{2\pi(kf_{0})C_{ACC}}$

(10)
$C_{ACC}=\dfrac{1}{(2\pi kf_{0})^{2}L_{ACL}}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $k$๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„์ฐจ์ˆ˜, $f_{0}$๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, $C_{ACC}$๋Š” AC ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ Y๊ฒฐ์„ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ $\triangle$๊ฒฐ์„ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ํ™˜์‚ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค ๊ฐ’์— 3๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋ธ

DGPR์€ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด DCCV, DCCP, ACCP, CVCF ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํƒ‘์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์–ด๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” PI(Proportional-Integral) ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ feedback loop๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์–ด๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์–ด์ง€๋ น ๋ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. DGPR์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ PLL ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ขŒํ‘œ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์—ฐ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ DGPR์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ 3์ƒ ์ „์••ํ˜• PWM ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, plant ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง๊ณผ ๋™๊ธฐ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์‚ฐ์ถœ์€ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4๋Š” ํ‘œ 1์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์ด 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šด์˜๋ชจ๋“œ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก๋„์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ณ„ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ง€๋ น์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ค‘๊ณ„ ์žฅ์น˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋ธ; (a) DC ์ •์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด, (b) DC ์ •์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด, (c) AC ์ •์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด, (d) AC ์ •์ „์••&์ •์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ œ์–ด

Fig. 4. Control scheme of digital grid power router; (a) DCCV, (b) DCCP, (c) ACCP, (d) CVCF

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2021.70.2.076/fig4-1.png

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2021.70.2.076/fig4-2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. (a) DCCV๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ, DC-Link ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „์••๊ณผ AC ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์••(Outer), ์ „๋ฅ˜(Inner) ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ œ์–ด๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ DGPR์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ DC ์ „์••์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์–ด๋Œ€์ƒ์€ DC-Link ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „์••์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

(11)
$V_{DC}^{*}=750Vdc$(Nominal voltage of digital grid)

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. (b) DCCP๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ, AC ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ DGPR์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ •์ „๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์–ด๋Œ€์ƒ์€ AC ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

(12)
$P_{DC}^{*}=P_{routing}$(Routing power of DGPR)

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. (c) ACCP๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํšจ, ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋ น์น˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ œ์–ด๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ DGPR์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ •์ „๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ์ œ์–ด๋Œ€์ƒ์€ AC ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

(13)
$P_{AC}^{*}=P_{MG}$(Active power requirements of MG)

(14)
$Q_{AC}^{*}=Q_{MG}$(Reactive power requirements of MG)

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. (d) CVCF๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋…๋ฆฝ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์•• ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ œ์–ด๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ น์€ ์‹(15), (16)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ์ œ์–ด๋Œ€์ƒ์€ AC ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „์••์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

(15)
$V_{grid}^{*}=340V$(Grid voltage in independent system)

(16)
$\theta_{grid}^{*}=60Hz$(Grid frequency in independent system)

3.3 ์šด์ „๋ชจ๋“œ๋ณ„ ๋™์ž‘ํŠน์„ฑ

๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™•๋Œ€๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด DGPR ์šด์ „๋ชจ๋“œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์šด์ „๋ชจ๋“œ๋ณ„ DGPR ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. N:N ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ DGPR๊ฐ„ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šด์ „ ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ • DGPR์˜ master ๋™์ž‘์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, master ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „์••์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, slave ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ MG ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์œตํ†ต ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ MG๊ฐ„ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์ƒ์œ„์šด์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ ฅ ๋งค์นญ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ตํ™˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์šด์˜์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ƒ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , DGPR์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ์šด์ „๋ชจ๋“œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ ฅ์กฐ๋ฅ˜; (a) ๋‹จ๋…๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ, (b) ๋‹ค์ค‘๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ, (c) ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ, (d) ์Šฌ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ

Fig. 5. Power flow according to operation model; (a) single supply mode, (b) Multi supply mode, (c) Parallel supply mode, (d) Slave supply mode

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2021.70.2.076/fig5.png

ํ‘œ 2. ์šด์ „๋ชจ๋“œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ DGPR ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋“œ ๊ฒฐ์ •

Table 2. Control state of DGPR operation mode

Operation mode

DGPR1

DGPR2

DGPR3

Single supply

DCCV

ACCP

Stand by

Multi supply

DCCV

ACCP

ACCP

Parallel supply

DCCV

CVCF

DCCP

Slave supply

Stand by

ACCP

DCCV

3.3.1 ๋‹จ๋…๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ

๋‹จ๋…๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋งค์นญ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ DGPR๊ฐ„ 1:1๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ตํ™˜์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ DGPR1์€ MG1์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „์••์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, DGPR2๋Š” MG2์˜ ํ•„์š”์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.3.2 ๋‹ค์ค‘๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ

๋‹ค์ค‘๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋งค์นญ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ DGPR๊ฐ„ 1:N์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ตํ™˜์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ DGPR1์€ MG1์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „์••์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, DGPR2, 3๋Š” MG2, 3์˜ ํ•„์š”์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋…๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์ค‘๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” MG๋‚ด ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์ƒ์Šน์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ ‘ MG๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„์  ์ „์••์ƒ์Šน ์™„ํ™” ๋ฐ ํ•ด๋‹น MG ๋‚ด ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.3.3 ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ

๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” MG2์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ, ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด N:1 ์ „๋ ฅ๊ตํ™˜์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. DGPR1๊ณผ DGPR3๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋•Œ, DGPR1์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „์••์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , DGPR3๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์— ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. DGPR2๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ MG2์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ „์••/์ •์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” DGPR์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์› ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์˜์กด๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.3.4 ์Šฌ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ DGPR์˜ Master ์„ ์ •์€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์šด์˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ DGPR์˜ master์™€ slave๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” DGPR3์— master ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „์•• ์œ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋•Œ, DGPR3๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „์••์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , DGPR2๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ MG2๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

4. ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ฒ€์ฆ

4.1 ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ DGPR์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต ๋ฐ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด ํŠน์„ฑ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ธ ์šธ์‚ฐํ…Œํฌ๋…ธํŒŒํฌ ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ง€, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‹จ์ง€, ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ MG๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ MG๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ์ข…๋‹จ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ ์— DGPR์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์„ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ‘œ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์‹ค์ฆ(์šธ์‚ฐํ…Œํฌ๋…ธํŒŒํฌ)

Fig. 6. Demonstration site of multi MG (Ulsan TP)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2021.70.2.076/fig6.png

ํ‘œ 3. ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›&์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰

Table 3. Capability of DG&load in multi MG site

Site

DG

Load

PV

ESS

P2G/ESS

Customer

MG1

700kW

-

1MW

3.9MW

MG2

50kW

-

-

4.1MW

MG3

250kW

250kWh

250kWh

2.7MW

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. MG๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ DGPR ์šด์˜์ „๋žต

Fig. 7. Strategy of DGPR operation by MG condition

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2021.70.2.076/fig7.png

4.2 ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์šด์ „์ „๋žต

DGPR ์šด์ „๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ œํ•œ๋ฒ”์œ„($P_{limit}$)๋Š” ๊ฐ MG๋ณ„ ์ „์ฒด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ($\Sigma P_{load}$)์˜ 90\%๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ DGPR์˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ๋ณต๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ณ ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ํ•ด๋‹น DGPR์„ CVCF ๋ชจ๋“œ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ •์ƒ์šด์ „ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์„ ๋กœ ๋‚ด์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›($\Sigma P_{DG}$)์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ(MPPT)์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ESS์™€ P2G๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์ถœ๋ ฅ ์šด์ „ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ณ„์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰($P_{routing}$) ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น MG์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ($\Sigma P_{load}$)๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ œํ•œ๋ฒ”์œ„($P_{limit}$)๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ œํ•œ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๋ฉด DGPR์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์—์„œ MG๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋•Œ, DGPR์€ ACCP ๋ชจ๋“œ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ œํ•œ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉด DGPR์€ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์œตํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค.

(17)
$P_{routing}=P_{limit}-\Sigma P_{load}$

์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ฐ MG๊ฐ„ ์œตํ†ต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ DGPR์„ master๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ DGPR์„ slave๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ master๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋œ DGPR์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „์••์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  slave๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋œ DGPR์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์— ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, master์˜ ์œตํ†ต ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰($P_\text {routing_master}$)์€ ์ธ์ ‘ MG์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•„์š”์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰($P_\text {routing_demand}$)์—์„œ slave์˜ ์œตํ†ต ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰($P_\text {routing_slave}$)์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

(18)
$P_{\text {routing_master}}=P_{\text {routring_demand}}-P_{\text {routing_slave}}$

๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ DGPR ์šด์˜์ „๋žต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” DCCVโ†’ACCP(CVCF)โ†’DCCP์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž… ์‹œํ€€์Šค(Sequence)๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œใ€€์šด์˜์ „๋žต์€ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 1๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ DGPR์ด ACCP ๋˜๋Š” CVCF ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‚ด, ์š”๊ตฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  DGPR์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 4. ์ „๋ ฅ์ค‘๊ณ„ ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค

Table 4. Simulation scenario for verification of power routing

Site

Routing

Direction

Operation mode(Routing power)

Single

Multi

Parallel

Slave

MG1

ACโ†’DC

350kW

500kW

250kW

-

DCโ†’AC

-

-

-

-

MG2

ACโ†’DC

-

-

-

-

DCโ†’AC

350kW

350kW

500kW

500kW

MG3

ACโ†’DC

-

-

250kW

500kW

DCโ†’AC

-

150kW

-

-

4.3 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

DGPR ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ค‘๊ณ„์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ MG๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ DGPR์˜ ์ค‘๊ณ„์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์š”๊ตฌ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์œตํ†ต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ PSIM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ถฉ์ „ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 0.2s๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ณผ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ์•ˆ์ •์‹œ๊ฐ„(settling time)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ „๋ ฅ์ง€๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๋„์‘๋‹ต์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ramp ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ น์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. DGPR์€ ์šด์˜์ „๋žต์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์ œ์–ด๋ชจ๋“œ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘๊ณ„์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. (a) ๋‹จ๋…๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” 0.4s ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ DGPR์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , MG1์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ์„ MG2๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 350kW์˜ ์ค‘๊ณ„์ „๋ ฅ์ด DGPR1์—์„œ DGPR2๋กœ ์œตํ†ต๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œตํ†ต ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒํผ MG1(3.9MWโ†’4.25MW)์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ MG2(4.1MWโ†’3.75MW)์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. (b) ๋‹ค์ค‘๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” 0.2s, 0.6s ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์„œ DGPR์„ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , MG1์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ์„ MG2์™€ MG3๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 350kW(0.2s~1s) ์ค‘๊ณ„์ „๋ ฅ์ด DGPR1์—์„œ DGPR2๋กœ ์œตํ†ต๋˜๊ณ , 150kW(0.6s~1s) ์ค‘๊ณ„์ „๋ ฅ์ด DGPR1์—์„œ DGPR3๋กœ ์œตํ†ต๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œตํ†ต ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒํผ MG1(3.9MWโ†’4.4MW)์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ MG2(4.1MWโ†’3.75MW), MG3(2.7MWโ†’2.55MW)์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. (c) ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” 0.2s, 0.6s ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์„œ DGPR์„ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , MG1๊ณผ MG3์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ์„ MG2๋กœ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 500kW(0.2s~0.6s), 250kW (0.6s~1s) ์ค‘๊ณ„์ „๋ ฅ์ด DGPR1์—์„œ DGPR2๋กœ ์œตํ†ต๋˜๊ณ , 250kW(0.6s~1s) ์ค‘๊ณ„์ „๋ ฅ์ด DGPR3์—์„œ DGPR2๋กœ ์œตํ†ต๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œตํ†ต ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒํผ MG1(3.9MWโ†’4.15MW), MG3(2.7MWโ†’2.95MW)์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ MG2(4.1MWโ†’3.6MW)์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. (d) ์Šฌ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” 0.4s ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ DGPR์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , MG3์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ์„ MG2๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 500kW์˜ ์ค‘๊ณ„์ „๋ ฅ์ด DGPR3์—์„œ DGPR2๋กœ ์œตํ†ต๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œตํ†ต ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒํผ MG3(2.7MWโ†’3.2MW)์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ MG2(4.1MWโ†’3.6MW)์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์˜ํ–ฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ 2๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ +% ๋ฒ”์œ„์ด๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ถ„๋‹ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ -% ๋ฒ”์œ„์ด๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” MG๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. Single supply mode์—์„œ MG1์€ ์•ฝ 9.0%์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, MG2๋Š” ์•ฝ 8.5%์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ถ„๋‹ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. Multi supply mode์—์„œ MG1์€ ์•ฝ 12.8%์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, MG2๋Š” ์•ฝ 8.5%, MG3๋Š” 5.6%์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ถ„๋‹ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. Parallel suppy mode์—์„œ MG1์€ ์•ฝ 6.4%, MG3๋Š” 9.3%์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, MG2๋Š” ์•ฝ 12.2%์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ถ„๋‹ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ slave supply mode์—์„œ MG3๋Š” ์•ฝ 18.5%์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, MG2๋Š” ์•ฝ 12.2%์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ถ„๋‹ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ถ„์„์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ฐ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰, ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰, DGPR ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, DGPR์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ œํ•œ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ; (a) ๋‹จ๋…๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ, (b) ๋‹ค์ค‘๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ, (c) ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ, (d) ์Šฌ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ชจ๋“œ

Fig. 8. Simulation results; (a) single supply mode, (b) Multi supply mode, (c) Parallel supply mode, (d) Slave supply mode

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2021.70.2.076/fig8-1.png

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2021.70.2.076/fig8-2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ  ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ

Fig. 9. The effect of improving the load sharing rate and grid utilization rate

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2021.70.2.076/fig9.png

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๊ธฐ์กด MG ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ๊ณผ์ž‰๊ณต๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ์—ญ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์••์ƒ์Šน ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ด์šฉ ์ œํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์˜ํšจ์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์š”์ฒญ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ์ฆ์„ค์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์„ค๋น„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€, ๋ณดํ˜ธํ˜‘์กฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ํ•œ์ „ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ DGPR ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์˜์ž(DSO) ์š”์ฒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ์œตํ†ต์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, MG ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์šด์˜์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ DGPR์„ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ MG๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์™„ํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ์‹ ์„ค ํˆฌ์ž๋น„ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์œ ์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ๋น„๋™๊ธฐ์‹ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋Œ€์‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ธ์ ‘ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด๋กœ ์ „์••๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์ „๋ ฅ์†์‹ค๊ฐ์†Œ, ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ž๋™์ ˆ์ฒด ๋“ฑ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ–ฅํ›„, ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์› ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ท ํ˜• ์กฐ์ • ๋ฐ ์žฅ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the KEPCO under the project entitled by โ€œPractical Demonstration of P2G Based on Multi- Microgrid for Grid Connected Operations(R19DA04)โ€.

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๊น€์„์›…(Seok-Woong Kim)
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He received B.S. degree in electrical engi- neering from Chungbuk National University, Cheongju and M.S. degree in electrical engi- neering from Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, in 2012 and 2016, respectively.

He has been working as a researcher at KEPCO Research Institute.

His research interests include micro grid, power conversion system and DC distri- bution system.

์ดํ•™์ฃผ(Hak-Ju Lee)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2021.70.2.076/au2.png

He received B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea, in 1989, 1991 and 2004, respectively.

He has been working as a principal researcher at KEPCO Research Insti- tute.

His research interests include micro grid, distribution planning & power quality and power electronics.

๊น€์šฑ์›(Wook-Won Kim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2021.70.2.076/au3.png

He received B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, in 2008, 2011 and 2015, respec- tively.

He has been working as a senior researcher at KEPCO Research Institute.

His research interests include micro grid, power system reliability and resilience.