Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions P of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers

  1. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Korea.)
  2. (Enertech.Co.Ltd.)



Active Power, Clarke Transformation, Hybrid Active Power Filter, Positive Sequence, Park Transformation, Reactive Power

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ „์›์˜ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ชจํ„ฐ, ์ถฉ์ „๊ธฐ, UPS ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[1]. ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ(60Hz)์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ์ธ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ์™œ๊ณก์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ค์ž‘๋™, ๊ณผ์—ด ๋ฐ ์†Œ์†, ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๋“ฑ์˜ ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ๋‹ค[2-4].

์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ์™€ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์™€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ ์ „๋ ฅ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„์ ์„ 5์ฐจ, 7์ฐจ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ˆ˜๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‡ ๋œ ์ €์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[5-7]. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ Clarke ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋งŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค[8]. ์ด๋Š” ์œ„์ƒ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ์—†์ด ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์†์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••๊ณผ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” d-q ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค[8,9]. ์ด๋Š” Clarke ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ Park ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•„์š” ๋ณด์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์™œํ˜•ํŒŒ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์‹œ ํ•„์š” ๋ณด์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‘๋‹ต ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์ƒ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋ณด์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ฮฑ, ฮฒ ์ •์ง€ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋™๊ธฐ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” d-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. 3์ƒ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„

Fig. 1. Configuration of 3-phase hybrid active power filter

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.1.29/fig1.png

2. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„์„

2.1 ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ p-q ์ด๋ก  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ถ„์„

1983๋…„ Akagi์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ p-q์ด๋ก  ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ๋„ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค. 3์ƒ 3์„ ์‹์—์„œ 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ „์••, ์ˆœ์‹œ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Clarke ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ (1)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์ง€ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„์ƒ์˜ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[8].

(1)
$\left[\begin{aligned}e_{\alpha}\\e_{\beta}\end{aligned}\right]=\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}\left[\begin{matrix}1&-\dfrac{1}{2}\\0&\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\end{matrix}\begin{aligned}-\dfrac{1}{2}\\ -\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\end{aligned}\right]\left[\begin{aligned}\begin{aligned}e_{a}\\e_{b}\end{aligned}\\e_{c}\end{aligned}\right] \\ \\ \left[\begin{aligned}i_{\alpha}\\i_{\beta}\end{aligned}\right]=\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}\left[\begin{matrix}1&-\dfrac{1}{2}\\0&\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\end{matrix}\begin{aligned}-\dfrac{1}{2}\\ -\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\end{aligned}\right]\left[\begin{aligned}\begin{aligned}i_{a}\\i_{b}\end{aligned}\\i_{c}\end{aligned}\right]$

p-q ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ˆœ์‹œ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‹(1)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ˆœ์‹œ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ p์™€ ์ˆœ์‹œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ q๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ์‹ (2)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค[9].

(2)
$p=e_{\alpha}i_{\alpha}+ e_{\beta}i_{\beta} \\ q = e_{\alpha}\times i_{\beta}+ e_{\beta}\times i_{\alpha}= e_{\alpha}i_{\beta}- e_{\beta}i_{\alpha}$

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. ์ •์ง€์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„ ์ƒ์˜ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ

Fig. 2. Instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current vector on the stationary coordinate system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.1.29/fig2.png

์‹ (3)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ง€ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„ ์ƒ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ $i_{\alpha}$์™€ $i_{\beta}$๋ฅผ ๊ฐ ์ถ•์˜ ์ˆœ์‹œ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ˆœ์‹œ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(3)
\begin{align*} \left[\begin{aligned}i_{\alpha}\\i_{\beta}\end{aligned}\right]=\left[\begin{aligned}e_{\alpha}\\-e_{\beta}\end{aligned}\begin{aligned}e_{\beta}\\ e_{\alpha}\end{aligned}\right]^{-1}[\begin{aligned}p\\0\end{aligned}]+\left[\begin{aligned}e_{\alpha}\\-e_{\beta}\end{aligned}\begin{aligned}e_{\beta}\\ e_{\alpha}\end{aligned}\right]^{-1}[\begin{aligned}0\\q\end{aligned}]=\left[\begin{aligned}i_{\alpha p}+i_{\alpha q}\\i_{\beta p}+i_{\beta q}\end{aligned}\right] \end{align*}

์ด๋ฅผ $\alpha$, $\beta$์ถ•์˜ ์ˆœ์‹œ ์ „๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๊ฐ ์ถ•์˜ ์ˆœ์‹œ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ˆœ์‹œ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํ•ฉ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์‹ (4)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(4)
$\left[\begin{aligned}p_{\alpha}\\p_{\beta}\end{aligned}\right]=\left[\begin{aligned}e_{\alpha}i_{\alpha}\\e_{\beta}i_{\beta}\end{aligned}\right]=\left[\begin{matrix}e_{\alpha}&i_{\alpha p}\\e_{\beta}&i_{\beta p}\end{matrix}\right]+\left[\begin{matrix}e_{\alpha}&i_{\alpha q}\\e_{\beta}&i_{\beta q}\end{matrix}\right]$

3์ƒ์˜ ์ˆœ์‹œ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์‹ (5)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆœ์‹œ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์ „์›์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ์‡„๋˜๋ฉฐ ฮฑ, ฮฒ์ถ•์—์„œ ์™•๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(5)
\begin{align*} p= p_{\alpha}+p_{\beta}=\dfrac{e_{\alpha}^{2}}{e_{\alpha}^{2}+e_{\beta}^{2}}p +\dfrac{e_{\beta}^{2}}{e_{\alpha}^{2}+e_{\beta}^{2}}p \\ -\dfrac{e_{\alpha}e_{\beta}}{e_{\alpha}^{2}+e_{\beta}^{2}}q +\dfrac{e_{\alpha}e_{\beta}}{e_{\alpha}^{2}+e_{\beta}^{2}}q \end{align*}

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ p-q์ด๋ก ์€ ์ˆœ์‹œ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ˆœ์‹œ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹(6)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ์™€ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[9].

(6)
\begin{align*} [\begin{aligned}p\\q\end{aligned}]=\left[\begin{aligned}e_{\alpha}\\-e_{\beta}\end{aligned}\begin{aligned}e_{\beta}\\e_{\alpha}\end{aligned}\right]\left[\begin{aligned}i_{\alpha}\\i_{\beta}\end{aligned}\right]=[\begin{aligned}\overline{p}+\widetilde{p}\\\overline{q}+\widetilde{q}\end{aligned}] \end{align*}

์ด ๋•Œ $\overline{p}$๋Š” ์ „์›์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ฐ’๋งŒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ „์›์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํšจํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. $\widetilde{p}$๋Š” ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ AC ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. $\overline{q}$๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๋ฉฐ $\widetilde{q}$๋Š” AC ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์จ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ˆœ์‹œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ •์ง€ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•œ ์ถ•์˜ ์ˆœ์‹œ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ DC์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด์ƒํ•ด์ค„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ 3์ƒ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ Clarke ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆœ์‹œ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ˆœ์‹œ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์—ญ ํ†ต๊ณผ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์œ ํšจํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ $\overline{p}$๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹(7)์˜ ์ •์ง€ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„ ์ถ•์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ณด์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(7)
\begin{align*} \left[\begin{aligned}i_{\alpha}^{*}\\i_{\beta}^{*}\end{aligned}\right]=\dfrac{1}{e_{\alpha}^{2}+e_{\beta}^{2}}\left[\begin{aligned}e_{\alpha}\\e_{\beta}\end{aligned}\begin{aligned}e_{\beta}\\-e_{\alpha}\end{aligned}\right][\begin{aligned}\widetilde{p}\\q\end{aligned}] \end{align*}

์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹(8)์˜ ์—ญ Clarke ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 3์ƒ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” PWM ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

(8)
\begin{align*} \left[\begin{aligned}\begin{aligned}i_{a}^{*}\\i_{b}^{*}\end{aligned}\\i_{c}^{*}\end{aligned}\right]=\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}\left[\begin{aligned}\begin{aligned}1\\-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{aligned}\\-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{aligned}\begin{aligned}\begin{aligned}0\\\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\end{aligned}\\\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\end{aligned}\right]\left[\begin{aligned}i_{\alpha}^{*}\\i_{\beta}^{*}\end{aligned}\right] \end{align*}

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ p-q ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์ „๊ฐœ๋„

Fig 3. Diagram of p-q algorithm for reactive power and harmonic compensation in grid

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.1.29/fig3.png

2.2 ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ d-q ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ถ„์„

d-q ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ PCC(Point of Common Coupling)์ง€์ ์˜ ์ „์••๊ณผ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋™๊ธฐ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„ d์ถ• ๋ฐ q์ถ•์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆœ์‹œ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์‹œ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์˜ ์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์ƒ ๊ณ ์ • ๋ฃจํ”„(Phase Locked Loop, PLL)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ 3์ƒ ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ ์‹ (9), (10)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™๊ธฐ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋™๊ธฐ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„์˜ d์ถ•, q์ถ•์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ DC์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค[10].

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. ๋™๊ธฐ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„ ์ƒ์˜ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ

Fig. 4. Instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current vector on synchronous coordinate system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.1.29/fig4.png
(9)
$\left[\begin{aligned}i_{\alpha}\\i_{\beta}\end{aligned}\right]=\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}\left[\begin{matrix}1&-\dfrac{1}{2}\\0&\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\end{matrix}\begin{aligned}-\dfrac{1}{2}\\ -\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\end{aligned}\right]\left[\begin{aligned}\begin{aligned}i_{a}\\i_{b}\end{aligned}\\i_{c}\end{aligned}\right]$
(10)
\begin{align*} \left[\begin{aligned}i_{d}\\i_{q}\end{aligned}\right]=[\begin{aligned}\cos\theta \\-\sin\theta\end{aligned}\begin{aligned}\sin\theta \\\cos\theta\end{aligned}]\left[\begin{aligned}i_{\alpha}\\i_{\beta}\end{aligned}\right] \end{align*}

3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ˆœ์‹œ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์‹œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ Clarke์™€ Park ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™๊ธฐ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„์˜ d์ถ• ๋ฐ q์ถ•์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ €์—ญํ†ต๊ณผํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ •์ƒ๋ถ„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์ „์••์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ DC ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

DC ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ญ d-q ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ 3์ƒ์˜ ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 3์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ฐ’์— ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋บ„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ณด์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ PWM ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(11)
\begin{align*} \left[\begin{aligned}\begin{aligned}i_{a}^{*}\\i_{b}^{*}\end{aligned}\\i_{c}^{*}\end{aligned}\right]=\left[\begin{aligned}\begin{aligned}i_{load"_{"a}}\\i_{load"_{"b}}\end{aligned}\\i_{load"_{"c}}\end{aligned}\right]-\left[\begin{aligned}\begin{aligned}i_{a "_{"d}}\\i_{b "_{"d}}\end{aligned}\\i_{c "_{"d}}\end{aligned}\right] \end{align*}

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ d-q ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์ „๊ฐœ๋„

Fig 5. Diagram of d-q algorithm for reactive power and harmonic compensation in grid

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.1.29/fig5.png

3. ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

๊ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด PSIM์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšŒ๋กœ๋„์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ์ˆ˜๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์™€ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์‹œ์˜ 40[%]๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์ „์•• ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€์œ„ ์—ญ๋ฅ ์ด 98[%]๋กœ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6. ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋„

Fig 6. Simulation circuit diagram for comparative analysis by applying each compensation method to the hybrid active power filter

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.1.29/fig6.png

๊ณ„ํ†ต์— 2๊ฐœ์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์™€ 1๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์™€ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ฐ’๋“ค์„ ํ‘œ 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€๊ณผ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ์ธํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. (a)๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ 3์ƒ์˜ ์ „์••์ด๋ฉฐ (b)๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ 3์ƒ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••๊ณผ 0.1[s]์—์„œ Load1๊ณผ Load2๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์† 0.1[s]~0.2[s]์—์„œ Load1๊ณผ Load2 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Load3์ด ์ ‘์† 0.2[s]์ดํ›„์—๋Š” Load3์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋“ค์€ ํƒˆ๋ฝ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1. ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํ‘œ

Table 1. Parameter table for simulation analysis of performance of each compensation method

Parameter

Value

Unit

Remarks

L-L Grid Voltage

380

[V]

RMS

3-Phase angle

0, โ€“120, +120

[Degree]

-

Grid Impedance

0.5

[mH]

-

Grid Frequency

60

[Hz]

-

Switching Frequency

20

[kHz]

-

Nonlinear Load 1, 2 Inductance

20

[mH]

-

Nonlinear Load 3 Inductance

3

[mH]

-

APF DC Link Voltage

750

[V]

-

APF Inductor Inductance

3

[mH]

-

PPF $R_{5}$, $R_{7}$

384, 196

[mฮฉ]

Q=50

PPF $L_{5}$, $L_{7}$

50.98, 26.01

[mH]

-

PPF $C_{5}$, $C_{7}$

5.52

[uF]

fixed

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7. ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์™œ๊ณก๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•

Fig 7. Distorted grid voltage and current waveforms due to non-linear loads

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.1.29/fig7.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8๋Š” ๋™์ผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณด์ƒ๋œ ๊ฐ ์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์˜ (a), (b), (c)๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ํฐ ์˜ค๋ฒ„์Š›์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ 0.05[s]~0.1[s]์—์„œ p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ iTHD๊ฐ€ 1.66[%] d-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ iTHD๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์€ 1.94[%]์ด๋ฉฐ 0.1[s]~0.2[s]์—์„œ p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ iTHD๊ฐ€ 0.95[%] d-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ iTHD๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์€ 1.64[%]์ด๋‹ค. 0.1[s]~0.2[s]์—์„œ p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ iTHD๊ฐ€ 2.77[%] d-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ iTHD๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์€ 3.34[%]๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๋‘ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์—์„œ p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด d-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ DC Link์˜ ๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ „์•• ์ถ”์ข… ์†๋„๋„ p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ๋™์ผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์— ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ d-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์ „์•• ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ญ๋ฅ ์ธ ๋ณ€์œ„ ์—ญ๋ฅ ์„ 98[%]๋กœ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ํ•„์š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์˜ (a)๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ์‹œ์—๋„ ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ (b)๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณ€์œ„ ์—ญ๋ฅ ์ด 98[%]๋กœ ์ž˜ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ์‹œ์—๋Š” p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด d-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ ์€ ๋ณ€๋™๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ถ”์ข… ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด d-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋” ์ ์€ ์˜ค์ฐจ์™€ ๋†’์€ ์†์‘์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ 3์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•

Fig 8. Three-phase current waveform of the system of each compensation method in the hybrid active power filter

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.1.29/fig8.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ ํŒŒํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์—ญ๋ฅ  ํŒŒํ˜•

Fig 9. Reactive power compensation waveform and system power factor waveform for each compensation method in hybrid active power filter

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.1.29/fig9.png

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ p-q ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ d-q ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์ถ”์ข… ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.

๋‘ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ์‹œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋‚˜ p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด d-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋” ์ ์€ ์˜ค์ฐจ์™€ ๋†’์€ ์†์‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ถ”์ข…ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ์— p-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด d-q ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—๋„ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋” ์ ์€ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋กœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์น˜์— ์ถ”์ข…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This research is supported by "Rediscovery of the Past R&D Result" through the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy(MOTIE) and the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT) (Grant No.: P0019318) and was also supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20214000000060).

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๋ฐ•ํ˜„์ˆ˜(Hyun-soo Park)
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He is pursuing his M.S. degree in Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea. His research interests are Power conversion and Power control.

E-mail : sys5028@gachon.ac.kr

์ดํ˜„์žฌ(Hyun-jae Lee)
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He received his M.S. degree in Gachon University, Gyeonggi- Do, Korea. currently he is pursuing his Ph. D. degree in Gachon University, Gyeonggi- Do, Korea. His research interests are Power conversion and Power control.

E-mail : lhj501@gachon.ac.kr

๋ฐ•ํ›ˆ์–‘(Hoon-yang Park)
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He received his B.S. degree in the Department of Electrical Engineering from Soonsil University in 2011. He received his Ph. D. degree in the Department of Electrical Engineering from Gachon University in 2019. Currently he is CEO in Enertech, CO., Ltd.

E-mail : ceo@enerkeeper.com

์†์ง„๊ทผ(Jin-geun Shon)
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He received his B.S., M.S. and Ph. D, degrees in the Department of Electrical Engineering from Soongsil University in 1990, 1992 and 1997. He was Chief Researcher in Electro- Mechanical Research Institute, Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Korea, during 1992-1995. He was a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kagoshima University, from 2002 to 2003. He was also a Visiting Scholar in the Power Electronics Laboratory, Michigan State University, from 2009 to 2010. He is currently a Professor at the school of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Korea. His research interests are the power conversion, control and diagnosis of power utility.

E-mail : shon@gachon.ac.kr